American journal of environmental engineering最新文献

{"title":"Thermal Conversion of Waste Plastics (HDPE, PP and PS) to Produce Mixture of Hydrocarbons","authors":"M. Sarker, M. M. Rashid, M. Molla, Muhammad Sadikur Rahman","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120205.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120205.03","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal conversion process was applied with three types of waste plastic mixture and waste plastics mixture to liquid hydrocarbon fuel production in present of o xygen under laboratory Labconco fu me hood without adding any kind of catalyst. Utilization of the process described can reduce the impact of waste plastics significantly. Thermal decomposition of the most co mmon plastics such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrenes (PS) has been conducted to produces a mixture of hydrocarbons. The thermal process applied of mixed waste plastics using a steel reactor at 25- 430℃ has been investigated. The reactor was connected with standard condensation unit with water circulator system. Waste plastics are broken down into shorter chain hydrocarbon compounds from long chains during the thermal conversion process without adding catalyst or chemical. Produced fuel was analysis by using GC/M S, FT-IR and DSC and fro m GC/MS analysis result showed hydrocarbon chain range C3 to C28 into fuel and produce fuel can be use as feed stock refinery or power plant for electricity generation or can use for internal co mbustion engine.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosorption Studies of Cr(VI) Ions from Electroplating Wastewater by Walnut Shell Powder","authors":"A. Farhan, N. Salem, A. Al-Dujaili, Akl M. Awwad","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120206.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120206.07","url":null,"abstract":"Biosorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions and electroplating wastewater by walnut shell powder has been investigated in a batch biosorption process. The biosorption of Cr(VI) ions was found to be dependent pH, initial chromiu m ion concentrations, biosorbent dose, contact time and temperature. The experimental equilib riu m biosorption data were analy zed by Lang muir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The Lang muir model gave a better fit than the Freundlich and Temkin models. The maximu m biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmu ir isotherm was 138.89 mg/g at optimu m conditions. The kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of the chromiu m ions fo llo wed well pseudo-second-order model. The negative values of ∆G o (-3.51 kJ/ mo l) and positive value of ∆H o (12.95 kJ/ mol) revealed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Biosorption process was successfully applied to the treatment of an electroplating wastewater sample, where the concentration of chro miu m (VI) ions, organic materials and COD were effectively reduced. According to the sorption capacity, walnut shell powder considered as an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) ions fro m aqueous solution and electroplating wastewater.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"188-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Screening of Dye Degrading Micro-organisms from the Effluents of Dye and Textile Industries at Surat","authors":"M. C. Thakur, A. Khan, H. Doshi","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120206.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120206.02","url":null,"abstract":"Text ile dyes have been used since the Bronze Age. They also constitute a prototype 21 st -century speciality chemicals market. Effluent and soil samp les were collected fro m textile industry at Surat. The pH, temperature, BOD, COD, Nitrate and Nitrite values were co mpared with the values given by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The culture med iu m was designed and standardized in the laboratory for the isolation and degradation of the dyes. Pure cultures were screened on the basis of colony morphology. Three different types of unique cultures were selected and named as isolates S1, S2 & S3. Out of 12 dyes used, isolate S1 showed degradation on the maximu m nu mber of dyes (five) in co mparison to other isolates (isolates S2 and S3). Thus, isolate S1 was used for the further studies. The isolate S1 was used for the study of the amount of dye to be degraded. For this study Red BB dye was chosen. Because, isolate S1 showed maximu m degradation on Red BB dye within less time of incubation in comparison with other dyes. Almost all isolates showed the positive results in some of the biochemical tests. Thus most of the isolates can have the capacity to produce the enzyme tryptophanase, indole production, citrate permease (citrate as carbon and energy source), catalase enzy me, degradation of glucose oxidatively as well as fermentatively, urease, gelatinase, production of acid and gas (allo w to ferment lactose and/or sucrose) and fermentation of sugar, lactose, sucrose, mannitol and glucose. Total cellu lar fatty acids profiling has been considered to be one of the important and ideal tool for identification of microorganis ms. On the basis of fatty acid pro filing of isolate S1 the similarity index indicated as Bacillus cereus GC subgroup A (similarity index 0.825), B. thuringiensis sub sp. israelensis (similarity index 0.552) and for B. thuringiensis sub sp. Kurstakii (similarity index 0.511). The isolate S1 was assumed to be B. cereus GC subgroup A. Thus this isolates can be used to degrade harmful azo dyes utilized by the dye, text ile, paper, in k industries etc.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"152-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of Trichloro Iso Cyanuric Acid over Commercially Available Liquid Chlorine for Sanitation of Swimming Pools in Nagpur Region","authors":"Lanjewar Prashant S. Smt Radhika, D. Parbat, P. T. Kosankar","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120206.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120206.05","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper highlights on disinfection and sanitation studies on swimming pools based on several experiments carried out in different swimming pools including water parks in Nagpur and Suburbs. It also suggests practical and effective methods of swimming pool sanitation using TCCA in lieu of existing Liquid chlorine sources. Once implemented, the pool management could have savings potential up to Rs 4,000 per month per ONE Lakh litre capacity pool.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"174-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolorization of Anaerobically Digested Molasses Spentwash by Coagulation","authors":"M. Chauhan, A. Dikshit","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.03","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of molasses spentwash has always posed a challenge to the environmental engineers. Problem becomes more difficult in the countries like India where more harsh environmental parameters of spentwash on one hand and limitation of treatment cost on the other is crude reality. Inability to grow micro-organisms in undiluted spentwash further limits the options. In this work, various options of coagulation were tried as primary treatment to make spentwash fit for further biological treatment without dilution. Poly aluminium chloride(PAC) was found to be the best coagulant.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Electronic Waste Management and Recycling Process","authors":"S. Chatterjee","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.05","url":null,"abstract":"Electronics waste is becoming a major global issue. Huge accumulation of e-waste and their recycling through primitive means for extraction of precious metals are real concern in the developing countries due to presence of hazardous materials in e-waste. Recycling of e-waste through appropriate technologies is, however, considered to be a profitable business as the printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain the precious metals (including gold, silver etc.). The present recycling cost in developed country is, however, not viable, and thereby, huge volume of e-waste is being exported to the developing countries like India, China, Brazil etc., where manpower is in-expensive and enforcement of environmental laws is not so stringent. This article has proposed an outsourcing model where equal participation of the organised and unorganised sector is ensured to make the e-waste management business a profitable one. The main motivation of the units in unorganised sector is to extract the precious metals like gold, silver and copper from the printed circuit board (PCB). The unscientific and unhy- gienic methods, used for extracting the metals, are harmful to the workers and the environment. This practice needs to be discouraged by providing alternative earning mechanism of the unorganised operators for the collected materials. In the proposed approach, unorganised operators will concentrate on collection, disassembly, segregation of e-waste, whereas, organised sector will concentrate on processing the PCBs to extract precious metals. The 95-97% of the e-waste by weight contains metal, glass and plastics, which can easily be dissembled and segregated manually without damaging environment; whereas, the rest 3-5% by weight of e-waste actually consists of PCBs/connectors, need environmentally friendly recycling techniques to manage. The major segregated materials from e-waste include metals, glass and plastic parts can be managed through the conventional recycling practices used in municipality waste management by organized smelters and re-processors. The segregated PCB and connectors will be pulverized by professional agency to make homogenous powder and assessment of assay content of the powder will be done to know the worth of the PCBs. Once the right price is decided, unorganised sector can sell the PCBs to the organised recyclers for further process. This approach will allow the organised recyclers to concentrate only on processing PCBs, which requires technologies, specialized skills and expertise. The said approach will eradicate the unhygienic practice prevailing in unorganised units in developing countries and thereby will stop polluting environment, soil, water, and will also protect the health of the worker. Once the outsourced model is established, the recycling of e-waste business will again be viable. It will also ensure the higher yield of metal recovery from e-waste as well as minimum landfill.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study of Influencing Factors and Kinetics in Catalytic Removal of Methylene Blue with TiO 2 Nanopowder","authors":"Marziyeh Salehi, H. Hashemipour, M. Mirzaee","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, degradation of methylene blue as a dye pollutant was investigated in the presence of TiO2 nanopowders using photolysis and sonolysis systems separately and simultaneously. Effect of different parameters such as catalyst dosage, initial concentration of dye, UV power, pH and type of catalyst on the removal efficiency was ascertained. The results showed that basic pH is proper for the photocatalytic removal of the dye. Furthermore higher UV power and lower initial concentration of dye leads to higher removal percent. Moreover TiO2 showed more photocatalytic activity than ZnO in the nanopowder form. The experimental kinetic data followed the pseudo-first order model in both photocatlytic and sonophotocatalytic processes but the rate constant of sonophotocatalysis is higher than it at photocatalysis process. Fi- nally the reaction order of the rate law respect to nanocatalyst dosage in photocatalysis process is obtained 1.45. High acti- vation energy of this process shows its high sensitivity to temperature.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Some Selected Spices on Some Biochemical Profile of Wister Albino Rats","authors":"N. E. O, Igbinobaro O.","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.02","url":null,"abstract":"The influences on the biochemical profiles by three medicinal plant parts used by pregnant women in the southern part of Nigeria, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Piper guineense, and Xylopia aethiopica were evaluated through a feeding study using Albino Whistar rats. The study revealed that extracts decreased the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in treated rats and is attributable to the presence of hypolipidemic agent in the extracts. This shows that the extracts could reduce cardiovascular risk factor. Also, plasma levels of Potassium statistically decreased in the rats treated with T. tetraptera, P. guineense, and X. Aethiopica. This finding is suggestive of a hypokalaemic effect. Two major liver enzymes, ALT and AST plasma levels significantly decreased in the order X. Aethiopica > T. Tetraptera > P. Guineense and P. Guineense > X. Aethiopica > T. Tetraptera for ALT and AST respectively. These findings suggest effective potential to lower hepatotoxic effects by the spices.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Invasiveness of Non-Native Plants under Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition","authors":"Cong-yan Wang, Lei Wang, Yan-na Lv, Chuncan Si, Hong-guang Xiao, D. Du","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.03","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing human activities are causing global changes, such as elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition and increased biological invasions. Both atmospheric nitrogen deposition and biological invasions are recognized as increasingly prominent features of ecological landscapes throughout the world, and their interactions affect the structure and function of global ecosystems. Thus, there is considerable interest in understanding the mechanism of the invasion of non-native plants under atmospheric nitrogen deposition, specifically in terms of global nitrogen cycling and its potential contribution to the ongoing global change in coming decades. We reviewed the invasiveness of non-native plants under atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We discuss gaps in this research topic in an effort to guide further research.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Leaching Potential in Coal Fly Ash","authors":"K. Shivpuri, Lokeshappa B., Deepak A. Kulkarni, Anil Kumar Dikshit","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.04","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal power plants are the major source of electricity generation in India and most of them use pulverized coal as the fuel producing enormous quantities of coal fly ash every year. The method of disposal adopted is by wet sluicing in on-site fly ash ponds. This disposal in the form of dilute slurry has a high potential for leaching into the surrounding soil and groundwater. The coal fly ash contains trace metals like As, Cr, Zn, Cd, etc which are toxic in nature and thus, the wet disposal of coal fly ash has serious environmental concerns. This paper assesses the leaching potential of coal fly ash from six thermal power plants in Maharashtra, India. The maximum leachable quantities of some trace metals present in coal fly ash are computed by a Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) and results are compared with values obtained by Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure(TCLP).","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}