The Medical and physical journal最新文献

{"title":"Domestic Intelligence","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv224tzgv.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzgv.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68800667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designerly Ways of Knowing by Nigel Cross. London: Springer-Verlag, April 2006) ISBN: 1846283000, 114 pages, 15 illustrations, $139.00 hardcover.","authors":"Lara N. Allison","doi":"10.1162/DESI.2008.24.4.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI.2008.24.4.102","url":null,"abstract":"Nigel Cross has been actively engaged with matters of design research and design pedagogy over the past four decades and is currently interested in design cognition—with the ways that designers, think, work, and know. In Cross’s most recent publication, Designerly Ways of Knowing (Springer-Verlag, London, 2006), the author makes the argument that designers’ behavioral and cognitive processes are unique. Based on this, Cross makes the claim that design can be separated from both scientific and artistic forms of knowledge, both of which have tended to engulf design within their own epistemological and pedagogical frameworks. The notion that there is a separate type of knowledge (and path to knowledge formations) specific to designers—and more generally to design activity—is crucial to Cross’ overall aim in his book. He seeks to make design part of a general educational scheme with its own subjective and intrinsic values, separate from the instrumental aims that have generally confined design to a regime of specialized and professional or vocational education. To make design an aspect of general education (i.e., for design education to develop specific skills in its students) rests upon the ability to define design-specific knowledge and behavioral patterns or tendencies, according to Cross. In order to elucidate these tendencies, Cross depends largely on the empirical study of both design students and professional designers engaged in specific design tasks. Cross recognizes four “core features of design ability” as: one, an ability to “resolve ill-defined problems”; two, a propensity to “adopt solution-focusing strategies”; three, the capacity to “employ abductive/ productive/appositional thinking,” (i.e. to reason from function to form, for example); and, four, an ability to “use non-verbal, graphic/spatial modeling media.”1 Although Cross spends a good deal of time reporting on his (and others’) research findings related to the cognitive and behavioral processes of both design students and accomplished professional designers, the thrust of the book relies on the fact that design ability (defined largely by the four “core features” listed above) is latent in everyone. Cross’s book is a compilation of essays and lectures which span approximately two decades. He draws on his own, and other concurrent, research and investigations in the fields of design and pedagogical research. Cross works to distinguish design “intelligence” from the paradigms of science, as well as those of the visual arts and humanities in order that design find broad acceptance as one of the major features of a general education. Cross counters the notion that design practice is a form of problem solving analogous to procedures employed in the sciences. He writes in chapter six of Designerly Ways of Knowing: In analyzing design cognition, it has been normal until relatively recently to use language and concepts from cognitive science studies of problem solving behavior. However,","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"102-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1162/DESI.2008.24.4.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and Ecology of Palms","authors":"E. Joyal","doi":"10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0417:BREDFA]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0417:BREDFA]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Botanists, including those with an economic bent, and ecologists recognize the importance of palms for a multitude of reasons. As such, palms have been the focus of much research. Tomlinson (1990) provided a solid understanding of palm anatomy and Johnson (1996) outlined issues in palm conservation. Even a fairly thorough review of the economic botany literature pertaining to palms has been compiled by Balick and Beck (1990). Several authors have addressed palm evolution and classification: Moore (1973), Uhl and Dransfield (1987), and Henderson and Borchenius (1999). The last, like many edited volumes, is a spotty treatment of the topic. In this new book Henderson brings us up to date in our present understanding of palm evolution while acknowledging that more data are needed to fill in the many gaps and come to a new understanding of their evolutionary relationships. Given the importance of palms in tropical ecosystems, the lack of a family-based ecological synthesis has been another significant gap in their study. Economic botanists increasingly engage in studies that consider ecological parameters of plant use and management, and palms are frequently the plants of choice. Thus, Henderson’s newest book is a welcome addition on our library shelves. The introductory chapter provides a synopsis and a theoretical framework on which Henderson bases his book, materials and methods, and a summary of the major groups of palms recognized (after Moore). This chapter, plus the next four, review: palm morphology and evolution—stem growth and development; stem size and shape; leaves; and inflorescences. Henderson’s stated emphasis is on stems. He builds his case for their central importance in palm evolution, while acknowledging that he downplays leaves and inflorescences in part because much of their morphology is due to stem size and shape, and also because much has already been published on them. The remaining six chapters address specific ecological aspects of palms: duration of reproduction; phenology of breeding systems; pollination; fecundity and gestation; fruits and seeds—predation and dispersal; and germination. The emphasis here is decidedly on reproduction. Palms have their own terminology and a four page glossary is dutifully provided to assist the uninitiated. The lengthy (21 pages) bibliography is welcome. A 45 page appendix includes 1,245 palm species, arranged by major group, in which Henderson summarizes major morphological traits, germination, habitat, and parity for each. The one page epilogue recapitulates what has proceeded and nicely lays out what Henderson thinks are the most important things to know when considering palm evolution and ecology. Any economic botanist with so much as a passing interest in palms should at the very least take a gander at it (the glossary handily begins on the facing page), and consider well its implications for our studies. Indeed, it would have been wonderful if Henderson had helped us make more connect","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"417 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0417:BREDFA]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67446561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culinary Herbs for Short-Season Gardeners","authors":"G. Staples","doi":"10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0095:CHFSSG]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0095:CHFSSG]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"This book is a collaborative effort on multiple levels: between a scientist and an avid gardener as authors, and between a government ministry and a commercial firm as publishers. As such it is a book with identity issues, reflected throughout in the blending of styles, organization of information, and even the design of the text. The subject matter is fascinating and the authors are to be commended for writing a book for those who live and garden in extremely cold climates in North America. Sadly, not everything in this graft chimaera works. The introductory 15 pages or so describe methods for garden design and horticultural techniques suited to a climate where trapping and conserving heat, as well as making optimal use of the short growing season, is crucial to success. Cloches, cold frames, hot beds, and water jackets are all clearly explained and nicely illustrated. So far, so good. The main body of the book, comprising 145 pages, catalogs herbs that can be grown successfully under hard-winter conditions; these are keyed to a plant hardiness zone map that emphasizes the continental North America. The main entries are ordered by common name, with scientific name, plant family, and alternative common names provided. The total number of species covered is elusive; a number of taxa are mentioned in passing under some main entries, for example 3 cultivars and 3 additional species of Salvia are mentioned in the account of garden sage. Because there is no index it is impossible to access information about these herb taxa unless you remember what main entry they are described under. The lack of an index to all names used in the text is a serious shortcoming for a book organized in this way. However, once one gets oriented in the text, there is a great deal here to delight. The species accounts are organized in a logical sequence, filled with interesting information organized as bulleted points rather than prose. Selected bits of (usually historical) information have been set off in tinted boxes inserted in the text. The illustrations are set in the text, with lines of text often varying in length so they abut the artworks. These design features I found visually distracting, even irksome. The use of botanical art reproduced from 18th and 19th century works is unusual. The sources, however, are not identified, which precludes access to the information originally published with these historical artworks. A few species have been illustrated with original artwork that imitates the older style; these have been credited to the artists that created them. All in all Culinary Herbs for Short-Season Gardeners is a mixed bag. The authors have created an authoritative text, which fills a niche not addressed in the herb gardening literature. However, the amateurish design and layout do not serve the text well. For those avid herb growers and fanciers living in hard winter areas, the book is worth having. But it will require taking the time to become thoroughly fam","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"95 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0095:CHFSSG]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67444941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperial Overstretch: Germany in Soviet Policy from Stalin to Gorbachev (review)","authors":"Angela E. Stent","doi":"10.1162/JCWS.1999.1.1.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS.1999.1.1.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"117 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1162/JCWS.1999.1.1.117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64557371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milton Lewis, A rum state: alcohol and state policy in Australia, 1788–1988 , Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1992, pp. vi, 231, Austral. $24.95, (9-780644-220248).","authors":"V. Berridge","doi":"10.1017/S0025727300058610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300058610","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractCOL. WARBURTON well deserves any honours which he may have received; for the sake of increasing knowledge he has performed as bold a feat of travel as is on record. With his son, Mr. J. W. Lewis, two Afghan camel-drivers, and two natives, he set out on April 15, 1873, from Alice Springs, in E. long. 133° 53′ 14″, S. lat. 23° 40′, about 1,120 miles north from Adelaide, and travelled right across the centre of the Australian continent, reaching the western side in January 1874. Col. Warburton's narrative in the book before us consists of the record which he kept day by day of his progress. The party had sixteen camels, and were provisioned for six months. Experience has shown that to explore Central Australia camels alone are of any use, horses being totally unable to bear up against the universal scarcity of water, and the bristling spinifex stalks which cover the ground almost everywhere, and which cut their legs to pieces. Col. Warburton's journal, not long after the start, becomes a painful record of a daily hunt after water, a hunt which was often unsuccessful. During the greater part of the journey man and beast were in a chronic state of parching thirst. The country crossed over is as arid and desolate a wilderness as can well be conceived, consisting mainly of low sandy hills covered almost everywhere with the above-mentioned spinifex, occasionally varied by a salt marsh, a few hills, and rarely a few trees. Indeed, the whole country from 121° to 131° E. long. is one great sandy desert. Bustards, one or two species of pigeons, owls, rats, a small species of kangaroo, swarms of torturing flies and ants, were met with, the last-mentioned with painful frequency. Natives were also seen, and they proved perfectly harmless and generally shy, and some of them Col. Warburton describes as handsome and well made.Journey across the Western Interior of Australia.\u0000 By Col. Peter Egerton Warburton. With an Introduction and Additions by Charles H. Eden. Edited by H. W. Bates. With Illustrations and a Map. (London: Sampson Low and Co., 1875.)","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"353-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025727300058610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57082202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BURNS AND SCALDS","authors":"C. Wells","doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(56)92067-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(56)92067-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"268 1","pages":"577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0140-6736(56)92067-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55882027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS","authors":"E. Nash","doi":"10.1136/BMJ.1.2776.626-A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.1.2776.626-A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"626 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1914-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/BMJ.1.2776.626-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63725487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The case of a man, who died in consequence of the bite of a rattle-snake; with an account of the effects produced by the poison","authors":"E. Home","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1800.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1800.0202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"354-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1800.0202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62084931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Formation of Fat in the Intestines of Living Animals","authors":"E. Home","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1800.0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1800.0276","url":null,"abstract":"T HE investigation of the digestive organs of different animals, in which I have been engaged for many years, has led me imperceptibly into an enquiry respecting the particular uses of the lower portion of the intestines in birds and quadrupeds. The first thing that attracted my notice more particularly to this subject, was finding that in all animals, whose stomachs are made up of a great variety of parts for the purpose of economizing the food, the colon has a greater extent of surface, and the course of the canal is so disposed, that its contents must be a long time in their passage through it. This circumstance led me to believe that the food, after the chyle is formed and separated from it, undergoes in the lower intestines some changes, by which a secondary kind of nourishment is extracted from it.","PeriodicalId":92589,"journal":{"name":"The Medical and physical journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"146-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1800.0276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62085736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}