Drug science, policy and law最新文献

{"title":"Development of a mandarin version of the five dimensional altered states of consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale.","authors":"Jacob S Aday, Zoe Zong, Jonathan Song, Aoife O'Donovan, Joshua D Woolley","doi":"10.1177/20503245251412692","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503245251412692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Five Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) Rating Scale is a self-report measure used to characterize changes in consciousness induced by pharmacological (e.g., psychedelics) and non-pharmacological methods (e.g., meditation), and predict clinical outcomes. Although it has been widely used with English-speaking participants, there is no version that has been adapted for Mandarin-speaking individuals. This study aimed to develop a high-quality Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC to increase language accessibility in psychedelic research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC was developed adhering to the \"Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation\". The English version of the 5D-ASC was translated to Mandarin by two professional translators, reviewed by the study team (including a native Mandarin speaker), back-translated to English, and compared with the original version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC Rating Scale (5) includes 11 facets: experience of unity (), spiritual experience (), blissful state (), insightfulness () disembodiment (), impaired control and cognition (), anxiety (), complex imagery (), elementary imagery (), audio-visual synesthesia (), and changed meaning of percepts (). The survey can also be analyzed using its original 5-factor structure, yielding facets of oceanic boundlessness (), anxious ego dissolution (), visionary restructuralization (), auditory alterations (), and vigilance reduction (). The full translated survey is available in the appendix.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here, a Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC was developed by a team of highly qualified scientists and translators. Further research is needed to evaluate its reliability and validity in clinical and non-clinical Mandarin-speaking populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12998467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do undergraduates' views of psychedelics relate to the context for psychedelic use?","authors":"Dan Petrovitch, Jason Van Allen, Sean M Mitchell, Andrew K Littlefield","doi":"10.1177/20503245241308747","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503245241308747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychedelic drug policy is changing, both in the USA and internationally. However, psychedelic use is not homogeneous, as there are multiple unique contexts for use, including clinical therapies, naturalistic use, and microdosing. There are notable differences between these contexts regarding emerging evidence for safety, therapeutic efficacy, likely future legality, and more. We compared psychedelic-naïve undergraduates' views (expectancies, perceptions of benefits, and perceptions of harms) of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide across each context. Item-level data were analyzed using non-parametric methods, correcting for multiple comparisons. Participants were 277 psychedelic-naïve undergraduates (75.81% female; 81.95% White; 76.17% non-Hispanic), with a mean age of approximately 19.50 years (standard deviation = 2.01). Only 19 out of 79 omnibus tests assessing views of psychedelics across contexts were statistically significant; when participants' views of psychedelics were context dependent, they generally had the most positive views of clinical contexts, then microdosing, and, lastly, naturalistic contexts. This indicates that psychedelic-naïve undergraduates make limited distinctions between contexts for psychedelic use, which suggests that, in the USA, psychedelic-naïve undergraduates may benefit from education about differences between contexts, especially considering their potential to impact psychedelic drug policy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare views of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide across three important, emerging contexts for psychedelic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"11 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation in an indigenous Amazonian-led ayahuasca retreat associated with increases in nature relatedness – a pilot study","authors":"Simon Ruffell, Sam Gandy, WaiFung Tsang, Rono Lopez, Nathan O’Rourke, Arsalan Akhtar, Nige Netzband, Jack Hollingdale, Daniel Perkins, Jerome Sarris","doi":"10.1177/20503245241235100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245241235100","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Amazonian shamanic ayahuasca practice is embedded in a nature-based context and is employed as an ecological mediating agent and in collective environmental decision-making processes by some of the groups that use it. Phenomenologically, the ayahuasca experience is often rich in nature-based themes and content, and its usage has been associated with eliciting shifts in perspectives and attitudes towards nature. In this proof-of-concept study, participation in an ayahuasca retreat in a traditional Indigenous Amazonian context (with a mean of 6.31 ceremonies attended) was associated with significant increases in nature relatedness directly following ayahuasca retreats as assessed via the Short form Nature Relatedness Scale (NR-6) and The Extended Inclusion of Nature in Self scale (EINS), and improvements in depression and stress as assessed via the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were also found, but not on the anxiety subscale. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation with moderate effect size was found between changes in nature-relatedness and stress, suggesting that an increase in nature relatedness is associated with decreased stress levels after attending Amazonian ayahuasca retreats in our sample. It is currently unclear if the changes seen were due to consumption of the ayahuasca brew, participation in ceremony, or the retreat setting itself. Although this pilot study suggests a potential therapeutic role for Amazonian ayahuasca retreats as a multidimensional intervention, further work is required to assess the role of possible mediators underlying such shifts, while evaluating to what extent these are sustained for long term.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In defence of the decriminalisation of drug possession in the UK","authors":"Alex Stevens, Niamh Eastwood, Kirstie Douse","doi":"10.1177/20503245241239200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245241239200","url":null,"abstract":"In this review article, we develop the case for the decriminalisation of drug possession in the UK by describing our ‘modest proposal’ to repeal the relevant sections of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and its advantages. We defend this proposal against possible critiques from both conservative and radical positions. On the conservative side, these criticisms include that it would increase drug use and harm and that it would be illegal under international law. From the more radical position, we anticipate the criticisms that decriminalisation of possession would leave the harm associated with illegal drug supply to continue, that it would leave in place restrictions on the rights to use drugs, that it would forego the possible tax income from a legally regulated market, and that the drug laws would continue to act as tools of social control. In response, we argue that decriminalisation offers a feasible first step towards reducing the harm of drug control which would not increase drug-related harm.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140515693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the household storage of medicines and disposal practices in Parklands sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"S. Malde, Naumih M. Noah","doi":"10.1177/20503245231225757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231225757","url":null,"abstract":"Over time there has been an increase in access to medicine, leading to the bulk of drugs becoming unused and being kept at home. Storage of unused medicines poses a threat to everyone at home. Unsafe drug disposal can lead to serious health hazards since it not only affects the safety of the public but also harms the environment. Therefore, correct guidelines and protocols are needed to ensure their safe storage and disposal methods. This study investigated the disposal of pharmaceutical drugs in Parklands sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional research design where 164 households were randomly selected, and the data was collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the statistical package of social science software (SPSS) and Excel. At the time of data collection, out of the 164 households, 148 (91%) had kept medicines in their houses, and among them, 77 (48%) households had kept those medicines because their symptoms improved over time and they felt better. The most common place for the storage of medicines was the bedroom. Domestic trash was the major disposal practice for medications in 97 (59%) households. Most of the respondents, 81 (49%), were cognizant of the detrimental effects of the improper disposal of expired medications on human health and the environment. What was more, the majority of the respondents did not get counsel from pharmacists and other medical services experts on the most proficient method to discard unused/left-over and expired medications thus indicating inappropriate disposal methods are being practiced.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns: Cardio-metabolic health","authors":"S. M. Viña","doi":"10.1177/20503245231225756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231225756","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a growing support for the protective factor of psychedelics to improve mental and physical health, these effects may differ across racial and ethnic groups. Race differences remain a critically understudied gap in psychedelic literature. Recent empirical research into Minority Diminished Psychedelic Returns suggests that Black Americans may gain little health benefits from psychedelic use. This study tests race differences in the association between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use and multiple indicators of cardio-metabolic health including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and Body Mass Index. This project uses pooled data of Black and White adults respondents from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2005 to 2019) (N = 421,477). The analysis includes a series of logistic and ordinary least square regression models conducted in Stata 18. Results demonstrate that Lifetime Psychedelic Use is associated with better cardio-metabolic health. However, regression models by race find that there is no association between LCPU and cardio metabolic health for Black people, while the positive associations remain significant for white people. Overall, results lend support for the MPDR theory.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood trauma, challenging experiences, and posttraumatic growth in ayahuasca use","authors":"Ksenia Cassidy, CJ Healy, Eva Henje, Wendy D’Andrea","doi":"10.1177/20503245241238316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245241238316","url":null,"abstract":"Challenging experiences in ayahuasca use, childhood trauma, and posttraumatic growth have not been investigated systematically. This study aimed to explore whether a self-reported history of childhood trauma was associated with challenging experiences during acute ayahuasca effects and whether such challenging experiences were associated with beneficial long-term outcomes measured by posttraumatic growth. For this study, 231 individuals (mean age 40.29, 48% women) completed an online survey about traumatic experiences in childhood, challenges during acute ayahuasca effects, and perceived benefits of those challenges. This study found that people with histories of childhood trauma were not at greater risk of adverse or challenging experiences during acute ayahuasca effects than people without histories of childhood trauma ( r = .080, p = .281, 95% CI [–.066, .223]). Additionally, there was no difference in posttraumatic growth among those who had history of childhood trauma versus those who did not ( r = –.016, p = .837, 95% CI [–.166, .135]). People who have experienced more challenges during acute ayahuasca effects did not experience more ayahuasca-related posttraumatic growth ( r = .137, p = .076, 95% CI [–.014, .281]). These findings are important, as they may indicate that childhood trauma exposure does not pose the same risk for a poor treatment response to ayahuasca, as it predicts in other forms of intervention.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"55 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italian psychedelic therapies of the past century: An historical overview","authors":"Adriana D’Arienzo, Giorgio Samorini","doi":"10.1177/20503245231179687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231179687","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the historical record of psychedelic therapy in Europe and the Americas has undergone considerable revision. In this article, we contribute to this re-interpretation by sharing documentation relating to psychedelic therapy carried out in Italy during the period 1927–1966. Our library research has uncovered one hundred publications, documenting at least 60 clinical studies in which psychedelics were administered. There is evidence of some primacy regarding this psychedelic research: Italy has the world record, for the twentieth century, for having carried out the largest number of clinical studies on patients with psilocybin and with lysergic acid amide (LSA); humans first received the high dose of 500 mcg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in Italy; and LSD plus LSA, and LSD plus psilocybin, were administered simultaneously for the first time. The most successful Italian clinical studies appear to have been those in which psilocybin was used in the treatment of depressive states, with the observed optimal dose being that of 3 mg administered intravenously every second or third day, alternated with placebo injections. Another therapeutic target that seems to have provided interesting results concerns the use of LSD and psilocybin for what was then called “neurosis.” Italian psychiatrists have also made useful contributions to theoretical aspects concerning psychedelic therapies, for example in the conflicting debate on the “psychotomimetic paradigm” and in the distinction between the “primary” and “secondary” effects of these substances.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77420834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of and 3-month health outcomes for people seeking treatment with prescribed cannabis: Real-world evidence from Project Twenty21","authors":"M. Lynskey, A. Schlag, Alkyoni Athanasiou-Fragkouli, David Badcock, D. Nutt","doi":"10.1177/20503245231167373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231167373","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal cannabis has been legal in the UK since 2018 but there is limited information about characteristics of people seeking prescribed cannabis and the effectiveness of this treatment. This paper documents symptom patterns and quality of life among individuals seeking medicinal cannabis and examines changes in symptoms, quality of life and use of prescribed opioids using data from an observational registry study of patients (Project Twenty21). Self-report data, including condition-specific symptomatology and general health (quality of life, general health, mood and sleep), were available at treatment entry for 2833 patients seeking medicinal cannabis for any indication and also at 3-month follow-up for 1410 individuals seeking treatment for anxiety disorders, chronic pain or PTSD. Among chronic pain patients, dose and frequency of prescribed opioid use was available. There were consistent improvements in disease-specific symptomatology and in general health and quality of life 3 months after commencing treatment. Effect sizes, assessed using Cohen's d, ranged from 0.50 to 1.17. Among chronic pain patients using opioids at the start of treatment, there was a moderate reduction in Milligrams of Morphine Equivalents: from 22.5 to 8.3 mg/day (Cohen's d = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.19–0.38). Adverse events were rare (3.2% reported one or more adverse events) and were mostly assessed as either mild or moderate severity: the most common AEs were dry mouth (15 occurrences) and feeling drowsy or having red eyes (both reported 11 times). Despite limitations of observational research, including the lack of randomisation or a control group and potential selection bias, these results indicate that prescribed cannabinoids are associated with a reduction in condition-specific symptomatology, improvement in quality of life and a reduction in prescribed opioid use. While further research is needed to better understand who will most likely benefit from which prescribed cannabinoids, real-world evidence of their effectiveness and safety supports efforts to increase access to these medications.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83635574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and religious motives for drug criminalization","authors":"P. Johnstad","doi":"10.1177/20503245231198526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231198526","url":null,"abstract":"The world has a long-standing system of drug control intended to suppress the use of a range of psychoactive drugs on the basis that such use is very harmful both to the users themselves and to their social surroundings. This perception of harmfulness has a long medical history, but recent research indicates that many forms of illicit drug use are not more harmful than the use of alcohol and tobacco. This article analyzes the historical and normative background for the apparently exaggerated assessments of drug harms on which the regime of drug control is founded. Starting from the observation that the drugs that have been exempted from this criminalization regime are those that were integrated in European cultures during the early modern era whereas the drugs criminalized under this regime lack such a history of European acceptance, the article discusses racial and cultural (especially religious) prejudice as a foundation for the exaggerated perceptions of drug harms. It finds that such prejudice is well-attested in the historical literature and seems to have contributed substantially to the formation of the international drug control regime. In sum, this article argues that drug prohibition was first introduced in the early modern era on racial and religious grounds and that the influence of these prohibition motives can be traced, directly and indirectly, all the way to the present day. This influence may explain why the health risks associated with illicit drug use are still often exaggerated in contemporary drug harms research.","PeriodicalId":92502,"journal":{"name":"Drug science, policy and law","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89250060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}