Biomedical research and reviews最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a radiolabeled somatostatin analog for SPECT imaging of pro-inflammatory macrophages","authors":"S. T. Tiel, L. Utomo, J. D. Swart, E. Blois, M. Jong, Y. Bastiaansen-Jenniskens, M. Bernsen","doi":"10.15761/BRR.1000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/BRR.1000136","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Macrophages are crucial in the development and progression of various diseases. To monitor their role, various proteins expressed by macrophages may be used as imaging target. In this preclinical study we investigate the value of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) as a novel imaging marker for pro-inflammatory macrophages, using an experimental osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model. Methods: SSTR2 gene expression levels in pro-inflammatory macrophages and human synovium was determined by qPCR. Tracer binding was determined in macrophages and human osteoarthritic synovium after in vitro stimulation with IFN γ and TNF α . Presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages in OA mice was determined by anti-CD64 + staining. Accumulation of the tracer in OA knees was determined by μSPECT. Results: Human macrophages and synovial tissue stimulated with IFN γ +TNF α had significantly upregulated SSTR2 gene expression and showed increased uptake of SSTR2-targeting tracer. Shortly after OA induction an increase in the presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages was seen as assessed by immunohitochemsitry. Similar findings were obtained with SPECT, with peak uptake of the SSTR2-targeting tracer immediately after surgery followed by a gradual decrease during the course of the next 8 weeks. Conclusions : Pro-inflammatory macrophages have elevated SSTR2 expression which makes it possible to image an inflammatory process in the knee with a radiolabeled somatostatin analog for SPECT.","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On establishing that pathology scores are quantitative","authors":"D. W. Drewes","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000132","url":null,"abstract":"Psychopathology researchers, like other scale developers, often fail to establish that underlying pathology scores are quantitative, concentrating instead on construction of numeric assignment procedures. By doing so, researchers risk that there may be no qualitative data relations that correspond to the quantitative structure inherent in the numerical assignment. Without representational data correspondence, numbers and their operations are devoid of meaning in a measurement context. As a basis for quantitative establishment, a logic of quantification is presented. Pathology as a medical condition is presumed to exist in amounts referred to as magnitudes. A theory of measurable magnitudes is offered founded on seven axioms of quantity. The central conclusion from a measurement perspective is that for any ratio of two magnitudes of the same pathology, a / b , there exists a corresponding rational measure-number. If magnitude b is a unit of measurement, then the measure-number is the number of measure units contained in magnitude a . Thus, measurement is definable as the act of determining the measure-number corresponding to a target magnitude a given a unit of measurement b . The utility of the definition, however, depends upon the extent to which observable data support the quantitative hypothesis. A test that pathology scores are quantitative is provided. If supported, pathology scores can be treated as numeric in subsequent analyses.","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of bezafibrate in human plasma by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Nihal Saraner, Ezgi Fikirdeşici, B. Guney, Onur Saglam","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67431902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hirudinea Lamarck 1818: Evolutionary origin and taxonomy of the six medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) known today","authors":"U. Kutschera, D. Shain","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanin, MOTS-c and physical exercise: A new perspective","authors":"Alyson RB Monteiro, Gabriel CG Scarlato, Diego F Cavalini, Gilberto E Shiguemoto","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is frequently defined as the ability to perform work, and every work demands some sort of movement. The biggest part of these energetic transformations bioenergetic goes through the mitochondria with also develop an important role as integrators of a variety of intracellular signals. Besides that, this interesting organelle is considered an important local generator of systemic responses. New evidence has pointed the discovery of two peptides named Humanin and mitochondrial Open Reading Frames (ORF) of the twelve S c (MOTS-c), which are derivative from mtDNA and have an important systemic performance. Few works have accomplished studies regarding mitochondrial systemic responses practiced by mitochondrial peptides faced with controlled stress, such as physical stress. Therefore, the goal of this review is to describe the biological effects of these two mitochondrial peptides as well as possible benefic interactions between them and the physical exercise. Thus, we hope that the present review may raise the interest of new clinical studies that better investigate the responses of this new class of peptides faced intervention of the physical exercise, considering the correct manipulation of the components of the training load that modulate both Humanin’s response and MOTS-c’s response, with therapeutic potential in combating various diseases.","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Components and Biological Activities of Areca catechu L.","authors":"Yuchen Xiao, Yang Yang, Jianping Yong, Canzhong Lu","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"Areca catechu L. is a palm plant, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical districts, such as southeast Asia and Hainan, Taiwan, Hunan and Fujian in China. Some studies on the chemical components (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, fatty acids, etc.) and biological activities (anti-bacterial, anti-viral and antitumor, anti-oxidation, anthelmintic action, effects on the nervous system and effects on the digestive system) have been reported. This review briefly describes the research progress of the chemical components and biological activities of Areca catechu L, to provide the reference to the researchers. *Correspondence to: Jianping Yong, Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Tel: +86-591-63173162, E-mail: jpyong@fjirsm.ac.cn","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming the pitfalls of current lung cancer risk assessment: Improved lung nodule characterization by a novel plasma protein biomarker test","authors":"Gabriel Smester, J. Medina, C. Brown, A. Fish, V. Wells, M. Beggs, J. Medina","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000125","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonologists frequently encounter indeterminate pulmonary nodules. Predicting the risk of developing lung cancer is a difficult task as evidenced by the high rate of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent disease. There is an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive, easy to administer, diagnostic assay to help prevent the potentially serious consequences of overdiagnosis. Here we report on the clinical work-up of a high-risk patient with an indeterminate pulmonary nodule. This case suggests that applying a new blood test in a point of care setting in a community-based practice can accurately characterize scan identified, or incidentally found, lung nodules. The novel assay may potentially minimize aggressive interventions in patients with benign disease. *Correspondence to: Amanda L Fish, MagArray Inc, Milpitas CA, USA, E-mail: Amanda.Fish@magarray.com Received: March 10, 2019; Accepted: March 25, 2019; Published: March 28, 2019 Introduction With cigarette smoking as the acknowledged root cause, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with high mortality largely attributed to its diagnosis late in the disease process when cure is not possible [1]. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) brought hope that screening high-risk patients with a yearly chest low-dose CT scan could lead to a 20% relative risk reduction in lung cancer deaths [2]. This decrease in mortality was paralleled by an increase in the diagnosis of stage I non-small cell lung cancer, implying that this screening paradigm leads to decreased mortality by shifting the stage at diagnosis to an earlier, curative stage. Coupled with the increase in chest CT scans performed for lung cancer screening, CT imaging is increasingly used for the diagnosis and evaluation of thoracic and extra-thoracic disease, all leading to increased identification of pulmonary nodules [3]. In the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), 24% of screened patients were found to have a concerning pulmonary nodule with only 4% of those ultimately determined to be malignant, even in this high-risk population [2]. The current paradigm for management of pulmonary nodules > 8 mm diameter is centered on estimates of a pretest probability for malignancy. Those nodules with a high pretest probability (> 65%) are aggressively managed (typically surgical resection), whereas those at low risk (05%) are managed conservatively. Intermediate-risk nodules (5%-65%), which constitute almost one-half of the pulmonary nodules identified by chest CT scan, require further diagnostic evaluation, including other imaging, bronchoscopy, percutaneous biopsy, or surgical biopsy [4]. Even minimally invasive procedures carry significant risks and anxiety to patients, and the cost of diagnostic evaluation increases 28fold when biopsy is performed [5,6]. Patients with intermediate-risk nodules would therefore benefit from additional risk stratification tools to determine those truly in need of more aggressive evalua","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of indeterminate lung nodule characterization by a novel plasma-protein multiplexed assay in current smokers: Results of a clinical experience program","authors":"R. Arfoosh, K. Nguyen, Amanda L. Fish, V. Wells, Denise Rebeor, A. Seger, M. Beggs, Gregory G Allen, R. El-Bizri, Richard Torricelli, DeEtta DeBault, A. Vallejo, J. Medina, Rana Hasan, K. Melby, D. Miller, Bryce Cowgill, Thomas DeMarini","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non-cancerous pulmonary nodules found on chest imaging, an accurate non-invasive and easily administered test is needed to assist in the detection and diagnosis of cancers in a cost-effective manner at an early stage, when curative interventions are still possible. Objective: To assess the results of a novel, plasma-based multiplexed protein assay in a clinical experience program. Methods: Fifty-four consecutive plasma samples were evaluated in a CLIA-certified laboratory using the novel blood test. All samples were from patients who are current smokers, aged 25 years and older, and have an indeterminate pulmonary nodule 0.4 to 3 cm in diameter. Results: The mean patient age was 65.5 years and the mean nodule size was 1.0 cm. 26 patients were male (52% female). Of the 54 tests, the assay results for 23 individuals were determined to be in the lower risk of malignancy range (score ≤49). 42 patients had a pre-test probability in the intermediate risk range as calculated by the VA Clinical Model. Of those patients, the assay characterized 22 as having a lower risk of malignancy (52%). Conclusion: The risk stratification of individuals with an indeterminate pulmonary nodule appears to be enhanced by identifying benign nodules compared to current methods in clinical practice. We hypothesize patients with benign disease may benefit the most from this assay by avoiding unnecessary subsequent overtreatment such as lung biopsy or bronchoscopy, while improving patient quality of care and reducing associated risks and costs from these procedures. Providers and their patients in whom they suspect lung cancer may consider using this novel assay prior to proceeding with more aggressive interventions. *Correspondence to: Amanda L Fish, MagArray Inc, Milpitas CA, USA, E-mail: Amanda.Fish@magarray.com","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical validation of a novel multi-analyte plasma test for lung nodule characterization.","authors":"Neil N Trivedi, James K Brown, Tess Rubenstein, Abigail D Rostykus, Amanda L Fish, Heng Yu, Luis Carbonell, Alice Juang, Sandy Kamer, Bhavin Patel, Manpreet Sidhu, Doris Vuong, Shan Wang, Mike Beggs, Alan Hb Wu, Mehrdad Arjomandi","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000123","DOIUrl":"10.15761/brr.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the National Lung Screening Trial, 96.4% of nodules had benign etiology. To avoid unnecessary actions and exposure to harm, individuals with benign disease must be identified. We describe herein the analytical validation of a multi-analyte immunoassay for characterizing the risk that a lung nodule found on CT is malignant. Those at lower risk may be considered for serial surveillance to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful procedures. While those nodules characterized at higher risk may be appropriate for more aggressive actions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To validate the analytical performance of multiplexed plasma protein assays used in a novel test for lung nodule characterization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multiplexed immunoassay panel for the measurement of plasma proteins in current smokers who present with a lung nodule on CT scan was evaluated in a clinical testing laboratory. Assay analytical sensitivity, reproducibility, precision, and recovery of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Prosurfactant protein B (ProSB), and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) from human EDTA plasma samples were evaluated across multiple runs, lots, and technicians. Interfering substances and sample pre-analytical storage conditions were evaluated for their effect on analyte recovery. The lung nodule risk score reproducibility was assessed across multiple lots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The assay sensitivities were 0.10 ng/mL EGFR, 0.02 ng/mL ProSB, and 0.29 ng/mL TIMP1 with over three orders of magnitude in the assay dynamic ranges. The assays and analytes are robust to pre-analytical sample handling and the plasma can be stored for up to 4 days at 4°C either when freshy collected or thawed after long-term storage at -80°C. Total imprecision after 20 days of testing remained under 9% for all three assays. Risk score variability remained within a ± 10% risk score range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three protein assays comprising the multi-analyte plasma test for lung nodule characterization performed quite acceptably in a clinical laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7486005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38374754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential dangers of neck manipulation & risk for dissection and devastating stroke: An illustrative case & review of the literature.","authors":"Ryan C Turner, Brandon P Lucke-Wold, Sohyun Boo, Charles L Rosen, Cara L Sedney","doi":"10.15761/BRR.1000110","DOIUrl":"10.15761/BRR.1000110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chiropractic cervical manipulation is a common practice utilized around the world. Most patients are never cleared medically for manipulation, which can be devastating for those few who are at increased risk for dissections. The high velocity thrust used in cervical manipulation can produce significant strain on carotid and vertebral vessels. Once a dissection has occurred, the risk of thrombus formation, ischemic stroke, paralysis, and even death is drastically increased. In this case report, we highlight a case of a 32-year-old woman who underwent chiropractic manipulation and had vertebral artery dissection with subsequent brainstem infarct. She quickly deteriorated and passed away shortly after arrival to the hospital. Although rare, one in 48 chiropractors have experienced such an event. We utilize this case to highlight the risk associated with cervical manipulation and urge open dialogue between chiropractors and physicians. Receiving medical clearance prior to cervical manipulation in potential at risk patients would drastically reduce morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36265502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}