Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine最新文献

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of combination of honey and Aloe vera extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli","authors":"P. Motahari, H. Kafil, Zahra Taheri Bonab","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.4","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial agents are used as intra-canal drugs or canal cleaners for complete dental root canal cleaning. This new study attempts to compare the antibacterial effect of 2% chlorhexidine and combination of honey and Aloe vera extract (H-Av mixture) against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) which are the most important pathogens isolated from infectious root canals. Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212™) and Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™) were cultured in the tryptic soy broth medium. Dilution of H-Av mixture by the method of macrodilution to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was investigated. In this paper agar well diffusion and colony count methods were also used to ensure the accuracy of the results. The results were statistically analyzed by student’s t-test. The significant level established at 5% (P 0.05) Increasing drug resistance to antimicrobial compounds needs to study of new drugs against pathogens. H-Av mixture with benefits such as availability, good taste and easier use than chlorhexidine, and fewer side effects can be a good option for intracanal irrigation after clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"4-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D among Schoolchildren of Shimla in Himachal Pradesh","authors":"J. Mokta, D. Ramesh, Balraj Singh, Tripti Chauhan, K. Mokta","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.25","url":null,"abstract":"Title of the article: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among schoolchildren of Shimla in Himachal Pradesh. Context: Acquisition of optimal bone mineral health in childhood and adolescence is essential for adequate bone mass during adulthood and old age, as 40-50% of total skeletal mass is accumulated so early in life. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the school children of Shimla Settings and Design: A total of 300 children and adolescents of class V1 to X11 of various schools in Shimla were enrolled during July 1, 2015 to September 30, 2015. Methods and Material: After written informed consent, blood samples for 25(OH) D were collected and measured by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed the data using EpiInfo 7.0.9.7 for windows. Results: Among all enrolled cases, 151(50.33%) were girls and 149 (49.76%) boys. Serum 25(OH) D level was significantly lower in girls 11.70± 4.03ng/ml as compared to boys 13.57 ±7.06ng/dl (p=0.0000001). Hypovitaminosis D was present in 98.66% cases, out of which 93.33% had deficient and 5.33% had insufficient 25 (OH) D levels. A total of 34.33% children had severe deficiency, however 4 (1.33%) had sufficient levels and were boys. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in apparently healthy schoolchildren in India is high. Awareness needs to be generated about benefits accrued by direct sunlight exposure.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49286900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing The Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (KAP) of Prediabetes Management Among Healthcare Providers in Four Tertiary Hospitals In Nigeria: An Observational-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"K. Inaku, I. Nnakenyi, Lucius Chidebere Imohc, A. Lawal, Emine Emine, A. Longwap","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An estimated 6.3 million Nigerians were reported to have prediabetes in 2015 placing Nigeria in the 9th position in world ranking. This number is projected to become 12.9 million by 2040. One way of reversing this trend is early identification of individuals at risk. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of health care providers toward prediabetes diagnosis and management. Methods: This was an observational-based cross-sectional study involving the use of self administered questionnaire to doctors from the departments of internal medicine, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, family medicine and others. Results: In all, 358 questionnaires out of 410 were selected. All 10 risk factors for prediabetes were correctly identified by 82/358 (22.9%) participants with 300/358 (83.8%) able to identify at least 5 risk factors. Laboratory reference interval of 5.6 – 6.9 mmol/L for diagnosing prediabetes using fasting plasma glucose were correctly identified by 70/358 (19.6%) (lower value) and 14.5% (upper value) respectively. American Diabetes Association guidelines for prediabetes screening was the most familiar to 272(76.0%) respondents even though 144/358(40.2%) do not consider prediabetes as a condition that requires specific management. Over half 186/358(52%) of respondents agreed that metformin use can reduce the risk of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes but only 6/358(1.7%) have ever discussed starting metformin with their patients. Conclusion: There is need to educate medical doctors about risk factors for prediabetes and its management to curb the rising diabetes epidemic in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Chronic Complication and Treatment Outcome Among Indoor Patients of Diabetes Mellitus. An Observational Prospective Study","authors":"J. S. Pathania, K. Mokta, Ramesh Gulepa, Arnav Mokta, J. Mokta","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with a myriad of complications as the disease progresses. These cause significant morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. There is a limited published data in this part of the country regarding the hospitalization patterns of diabetic patients, the reasons for admissions due to development of acute or chronic complications. Objective: To identify the type of diabetes related complications, their prevalence among indoor diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital. Method: It was an observational - prospective study. Results: Out of Total 589 patients enrolled in the study, 366 (62.2%) patients were having microvascular complications, followed by macrovascular complications in 111(18.8%) patients and both microvascular and macrovascular complications in 60 (10.2%) patients. Conclusion: Most of the patients presented with microvascular complications, neuropathy being commonest. The patients of heart failure constituted a significant number followed by CAD. Most of the patients were having hypertension as an associated disease. The complications, duration of stay in the hospital and mortality was more in the patients having duration of stay more than 10 years.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Prolonged Length of Stay in Intensive Care Unit: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"N. Radwan, N. Mahmoud, A. Alfaifi, K. Alabdulkareem","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.ABCMED.V.9N.1P.30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prolonged length of Stay (PLOS) increases the risk of hospital-acquired infections and disrupts patient flowand access to care due to bed shortages. The extent to which PLOS is attributable to complications, patient characteristics, illness, or inefficienpractice style is unclear. Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with prolonged length of stay (PLOS) in intensive care unit. (ICU). Search methods: We searched the COCHRANE, MEDLINE, TRIP and EMBASE from 2010 till now. Selection criteria: We included all the studies published in English language from 2010 till now and investigated the PLOS in ICU after any medical condition. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed trials eligibility and risk of bias and extracted data. Review Manager 5.3 was utilized to manage the data. Main results: The review included 84719 participants from fourteen observational studies that had some degree of risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity. Post-operative sepsis/ septic shock and the severity of illness of the patients at hospital admission were the most common risk factors for PLOS (OR= 5.65, CI= 1.98, 16.08 and OR=3.95, CI= 1.67, 9.34 respectively), followed by emergency operation (OR= 2.68, CI= 1.56, 4.62), and comorbidities including renal failure and coronary heart disease (OR= 2.64, CI=1.26, 5.51 and OR=2.57, CI= 1.61, 4.10 respectively). Other variables associated with PLOS were respectively; pre-operative condition (OR=2.36, CI=1.28, 4.34), long term use of corticosteroids (OR= 2.03, CI= 1.81, 2.29 ), age >70 years (OR=1.89, CI=0.54, 2.32), operation duration >180 minutes (OR=1.86, CI=1.46, 2.38), most deprived condition (OR= 1.82, CI= 1.15, 2.89), diabetes (OR= 1.36, CI=1.18, 1.56), hypertension (OR=1.32, CI= 1.09, 1.62), smoking (OR=1.25, CI= 1.13, 1.39) and male sex (OR= 1.11, CI=1.06, 1.17). Authors conclusion: Identificationof risk factors associated with PLOS provides the opportunity for intervention to reduce the LOS and support efficient/optimause of hospital resources.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Image Characterization of Knee Meniscus Signal Intensity using Crue’s Approach: Results from a Multi-centre Evidence","authors":"A. Erim, B. Udoh, P. Agweye, Ofonime N. Ukweh, Anthony C. Ugwu","doi":"10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to characterize knee meniscus signal-intensity using magnetic resonance imaging. Our research included knee MR images of 138 subjects from multi-centres in Nigeria, between September 2016 and December 2017. Knee images were retrieved from patients' folder of MRI scanners and transfered to a DICOM workstation (Onis 2.6) for image analysis. Knee meniscus was characterized into 0, 1, 2 & 3 grades using Crue’s grading approach. Our research revealed 58% incidence of meniscal lesion. Study yielded a significant relationship between meniscal lesion and gender (p <.005) with a greater proportion of these lesions in women than in men. Meniscal lesions showed significant association with osteoarthritis (OA) (p < 0.05). Grade 3 lesions (actual tears) were largely of horizontal configuration.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71367350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Specific Anti - Toxocara Antibodies in Patients with Cardiac Disease","authors":"E. Kaneva, R. Harizanov, S. Krumova, Petya Genova-Kalu, I. Rainova, N. Tsvetkova, I. Kaftandjiev, Mariya Pishmisheva","doi":"10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.36","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study is to find the seroprevalence of specific anti - Toxocara IgG antibodies among patients with inflammatory heart disease and to evaluate the significance of this parasite as a possible etiological agent of such pathology. We performed a serological study of 41 patients with heart disease (myocarditis, pericarditis and endocarditis) for presence of specific anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. We used ELISA for primary screening, and Western blot as a confirmatory method. Presence of specific anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in ELISA was detected in three (7.3%) of the serum samples, and another two (4.9%) were with borderline values. These serum samples were further examined in Western blot and three of them (7.3%) displayed disease-specific bands. We do not in any way claim that in these cases Toxocara infection is the cause of inflammatory heart disease, but the data from the study shows that such a link is possible.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71367430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-COVID Health Care Workers with Positive Antibody Responses: Are We Heading Towards Herd Immunity?","authors":"S. Bhandari, Nitya Vyas, Shivankan Kakkar, Bhoopendra Patel, A. Dube, J. Gupta, N. K. Swarnkar, Sunil Kumar, Nisha Patidar","doi":"10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antibody testing against SARS-CoV-2 complimentary to RT-PCR could be an effective method for its detection. Development of immunity against COVID-19 in context of reinfection and herd immunity still remains debatable and needs further elucidation. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunity status against SARS-CoV-2 in terms of IgG antibody positivity in health care workers at a tertiary care center. Methodology: This single center study was conducted at a tertiary care center, that involved 1039 healthcare workers and other staff members. The testing of all subjects was performed using ELIFAST (SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA) kits. The sample population was then segregated into RT-PCR positive and negative/status unknown groups. Groups were further segregated on the basis of IgG positivity status and the sensitivity and specificity was also calculated. Results: Among the 1039 enrolled subjects, 179 (17.23%) were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 positive and remaining were either RT-PCR negative or status unknown cases. Among 179 COVID-19 recovered subjects, 19 (10.61%) were negative for IgG, whereas 160 (89.39%) came out IgG positive. Out of 860 (82.77%) RT-PCR Negative/Status unknown, 248 (28.84%) came out IgG positive and the remaining 612 (71.16%) were negative for IgG. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 89.39 and 71.16, respectively. Conclusion: A combined approach of testing for COVID-19 using RT-PCR and rapid antibody assays could be more beneficial. Serological studies project a higher antibody response in population that compel us to think about plausibility of herd immunity. However, variability in serological response could be affected by several factors and the underlying complex immune process of COVID-19 is yet to be fully understood.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71367443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Physical Findings in Patients with Chronic Nasal Obstruction","authors":"Shahin Abdollahi Fakhim, N. Shahidi, Elnaz Hasanzadeh","doi":"10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although chronic nasal obstruction causes mouth breathing, it causes changes in orofacial anatomy to compensate reduced airflow and facilitate breathing. As a result there is a mismatch between growth and evolution of orofacial structures.The aim of this study is to find oral physical findings in patients with chronic nasal obstruction. Methods: All patients referred to the clinic and ward in Imam Reza Hospital during 2019-2020, who suffered from chronic nasal obstruction, were examined and the findings of the examination included Tonsil size, tongue size, mallampati, tonsillar pillars size, palate height, palate thickness, ovula length, hypertrophy of nasal turbines,septal deviation, long face, neck circumference were compared among case and control groups.And also STOP-BANG score was calculated and risk of OSAS was shown. Results: In this study, the average age of people with nasal obstruction was 42.89±14.30. In physical examinations of the mouth, the size of the tonsils and the size of the neck did not differ significantly between two groups, but other positive examinations were significantly higher in patients with chronic nasal obstruction and there was no significant difference in blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, IHD, fatty liver in the control group. Only patients with nasal obstruction complained significantly more than the control group of hearing loss. Conclusion: The frequency of tongue enlargement, soft palate, and thick palate and Malapmati score were significantly higher in people with chronic nasal obstruction.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71367342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quiz as an adjunctive modality in teaching Clinical Microbiology for Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":"A. Mehta, K. Tripathi, H. Bansal","doi":"10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.9n.3p.31","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional teaching modalities like Didactic lectures if practised alone fails to transfer concepts as effectively as active learning approaches. Active learning methods like Quizzing leads to active participatory involvement of students, motivates them by increasing interest in the subject and act as a driving force for more effective learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Quiz as an adjunctive teaching modality in clinical microbiology for undergraduate medical teaching and to compare it with conventional teaching methods like Didactic lectures. In this interventional study conducted in the Dept. of Microbiology of a Govt. Medical College of Central India, Second MBBS students were divided into two groups. The topic Universal precautions was split and covered through two modules. One module was administered through lecture to one group and through Self study followed by Quiz to another group. Cross over was done for the second module. To evaluate the students performance pretest and post test were conducted for both the methods. In case of both the groups a significant absolute learning gain was observed for both the modalities. However in both the groups the learning gain and effect size were towards much higher side for Quizzing as compared to didactic lectures. Our study has shown the positive impetus of the active teaching learning modalities like Quizzing on self directed learning, and an added advantage of this approach on the learning gain as compared to the conventional teaching.","PeriodicalId":92322,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioscience and clinical medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71367423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}