Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal最新文献

{"title":"A brief review of connectionist models in contrast with modelling cognition","authors":"H. Durgante","doi":"10.15406/smdij.2019.03.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2019.03.00059","url":null,"abstract":"Models of cognitive processes have recently been applied in neuropsychological investigations in order to provide more concrete evidences of human brain functioning. A model may be described as the several ways in which a theory might be represented, to increase the understanding of its underlying principal components.1 It is worth noting there are positive characteristics about models, for instance, instead of abstract theories or symbolic figures proposed to explain mental mechanisms, modals actually represent complex brain mechanisms in terms of more accurate computational and mathematical equations. In that, the interpretation of cognitive functioning is empirically assessed, and outcomes analyses are less ambiguous.2 Another important aspect of cognitive models is that they are usually able to predict and explain observable facts (functional or dysfunctional performances), in terms of generated probabilistic graphical models, with greater details of how brain processes actually occur.1 The stages in the processing systems, also the nature of the input and output are analysed within the models’ framework. Prior to concepts of cognitive models, however, assumptions were based on vague ideas and predictions of brains processes.","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83818159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on pharmacological treatment of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders","authors":"Amrish Kumar, V. Ashwlayan, V. Garg, S. Gupta, A. Kumar, A. Chaudhary, Anjana Sharma, S. Koul, Shobhit Kumar, Anoop Kumar, G. Garg, N. Sharma, Lubhan Singh, A. Agrawal, Sandeep Soni, Harshit Sharma, H. Tyagi, F. Khan, Mansi Verma","doi":"10.15406/smdij.2019.03.00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2019.03.00058","url":null,"abstract":"The standard method for characterization and measuring sleep stages involves the simultaneous monitoring of an electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG). Two electrooculogram one elcectroencephalogram, and one electromyogram are the minimal recordings used in scoring sleep stages.1 Commonly measured objective parameters of sleep include the latency to sleep onset (amount of time to fall asleep), number of awakening, number of stage shift during the night, and intensity of rapid eye movement (REM). Polysomography is a procedure employed to measure multiple physiologic parameters during sleep such as airflow of the nose and mouth, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, periodic leg movements, gross motor activity, erectile impotence, or gastroesophageal reflux.2 Wakefulness is characterized by an EEG of low voltage fast activity, random eye movements and blinks, and a high muscle tone. The Two types of sleep are non-REM (NREM) and REM. Sleep stages 1 through 4 are collectively known as non-REM sleep. During NREM sleep skeletal muscle tone and eye movements are low in comparison with wakefulness and both cardiac and respiratory activity occurs at a slow, regular pace. Stage 1 sleep represents a transition between wakefulness and sleep that lasts between 0.5 and 7 minutes, the EEG reveals low voltage (3 to 7Hz) and desynchronized activity. Stage 2 sleep is characterized by a low voltage EEG, and frequent “sleep spindles” (10 to 16 Hz spindle shaped waves) and “K-complexes” (high voltage spikes). Stages 3 and 4 are called delta sleep and consist of high amplitude, slow delta waves. REM sleep is marked by the onset of a low voltage, mixed frequency EEG and bursts of bilaterally conjugate REMs. During REM sleep muscle tone is low, but autonomic fluctuations (e.g., heart rate, perspiration, penile erection) are active.3 Dream reports occur in 80% to 90% of subjects if awakened during or at the end of a REM period.","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85746920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep health disparity: the putative role of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status","authors":"S. Jehan, Alyson K. Myers, F. Zizi, S. Pandi‑Perumal, G. Jean-Louis, Navneet Singh, Justina Ray, Samy I McFarlane","doi":"10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00057","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep plays a pivotal role in both physical and mental health. Sleep quality can be affected by many socio demographic factors, such as race and/or ethnicity, as well as socio economic status (SES). Chronic sleep deprivation is associated with unhealthy behaviors such as alcohol abuse and also places individuals at risk for chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovasculardisease (CVD), depression, and/or anxiety. This review explores the common socio demographic factors and SES that can lead to sleep disturbances. Among these factors are shift work, poor dietary habits, smoking and alcohol abuse. Such factors need to be considered by health care providers in the clinical assessment and management plans of patients with sleep disorders.","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"127 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75134959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and stroke","authors":"S. Jehan, M. Farag, F. Zizi, S. Pandi‑Perumal, A. Chung, Anrew Truong, G. Jean-Louis, D. Tello, Samy I McFarlane","doi":"10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00056","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common co-morbid condition in stroke patients. It represents a very important risk factor for stroke in addition to the other established ones such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation (AF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stress, smoking, and heavy drinking. Although in the United States the prevalence of OSA has somewhat decreased from the previous years, globally its prevalence remains constant, or in some cases, is on the rise. In this review we present the epidemiology for OSA in stroke populations and discuss the risk factors for stroke as well as the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms linking OSA, stroke and CVD. We also emphasize the more thorough evaluation and control of OSA in order to prevent the disabling side effects of a stroke, which not only compromises the physical and mental health of a person and increases the burden on families, but also adds a severe burden to national health economics. OSA should always be considered when assessing a patient with transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Work up and treatment for OSA will not only help prevent stroke with its devastating consequences, but will also help prevent CVD, and ameliorate co-morbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension in these vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"120 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67092296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of fantasy as a resource in the period of adolescence - innovative techniques for a clinical mediator’s use – time tunnel game","authors":"Maria  Salete Arenales Loli","doi":"10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81809277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between fat distribution and tongue strength in persons with and without obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Paul M. Evitts, D. Nichols, K. Asbury, T. Westhoff, D. Dobrosielski","doi":"10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00054","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by the recurrent collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, which requires arousal to reestablish airway patency and resume breathing. Incidence figures suggest that greater than 10% of the population suffers from a sleep-related disorder with an estimated 4% suffering from OSA, specifically.1 While the cause of OSA is unknown, it is well accepted that obesity is the strongest predictor of OSA. Indeed, an estimated 30% of obese patients are diagnosed with OSA2 and the prevalence of OSA among morbidly obese patients ranges from 50– 98%.3,4 The pathogenesis of OSA is incredibly complex. This is due in part, to the physiological and anatomical differences between obese and lean patients, as well as anatomical differences between those with and without OSA.5–7 Further confounding the research on OSA is the use of BMI as a measure of obesity which may not be reliable. In fact, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies that used BMI to identify obesity revealed BMI to have low sensitivity and high specificity.8 Furthermore, a cross-sectional study of 1,393 adults by Shah and Braverman9 found that 39% of the subjects were classified as non-obese by BMI but were found to be obese by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72663211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and male: policies for men on the great ABC","authors":"Flávio Urra","doi":"10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00055","url":null,"abstract":"The theme of gender and masculinities has aroused interest in many people thanks to the mobilization and struggle of the women’s movements, which has generated a corresponding academic theoretical deepening in the universities and the implementation of feminist policies engaged in popular democratic municipalities and states. This article seeks to present the organization of a group of men that meets in the Greater ABC, in the exercise of their masculinities to confront violence against women, as well as in the construction of practices based on mutual care, solidarity and the implantation of policies aimed at men. Among the actions are the “And Now José” Program, the Gender and Masculinities Course, and the Grande ABC Gender and Menus Forum. The Grande ABC is located in the metropolitan area of the city of São Paulo, with a population of 2,684,0661 51.7% of women to 48.3% of men. The region has a common historical origin, originally was a large municipality that was dismembered, and thus officially created the seven present cities: Santo André, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirao Pires and Rio Grande da Serra Kleeb.2","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88718346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The approach of United States school terms means sleep schedule changes are needed","authors":"K. Sexton-Radek","doi":"10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89261071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare organizations and sleep deprivation. Is adequate sleep still granted to healthcare workers?","authors":"C. Lazzari, Marco Rabottini","doi":"10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/SMDIJ.2018.02.00051","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate amount of sleep is a universal characteristic of contemporary culture.1 Besides, insufficient sleep in healthcare workers can lead to medical errors and questions on the professional liability of those who were aware of their reduced sleeping hours.2,3 The current article will explore some theories in healthcare organizations which unwillingly have conducted to altered sleep patterns in healthcare workers. Some identifiable causes of the ‘sleep problem’ in the healthcare professions are the national shortage of healthcare workers, the need to fill unexpected gaps in the shifts, the urgency to provide coverage for on-call rotas, and the financial incentives provided to healthcare workers who borrow hours for work from their sleep time.","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75877548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and drug resistant epilepsy in children","authors":"R. Manokaran, S. Gulati","doi":"10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2018.02.00050","url":null,"abstract":"children with drug resistant epilepsy suffer from co-morbid illnesses like cognitive problems, neuropsychiatric issues, disorders of bone metabolism and sleep abnormalities. Sleep problems in intractable epilepsy are often neglected. Studies have shown high prevalence of sleep disturbances like Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA), Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Hypersomnia, Narcolepsy, Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Restless Leg Syndrome in Childhood epilepsy.2 This review expounds the intricate and reciprocal association between sleep and drug resistant epilepsy in children.","PeriodicalId":92291,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine and disorders : international journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83509932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}