Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science最新文献_第2页

Synchronizing Teaching Resources of Energy Conservation Principle in Mechanical Engineering Courses- Year 2 Updates 机械工程课程节能原理教学资源同步-二年级更新

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1014

Y. Panta, W. Church

{"title":"Synchronizing Teaching Resources of Energy Conservation Principle in Mechanical Engineering Courses- Year 2 Updates","authors":"Y. Panta, W. Church","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1014","url":null,"abstract":"The conservation of energy, mass, and momentum are three governing laws of physics that are regularly uttered in teaching engineering courses. Mechanical energies in the form of kinetic and potential forms are the most common forms of energy in dynamics. Fluid flow energies relating to pressure, velocity, elevation, fluid friction, pump, and turbine are covered in fluid dynamics. In thermodynamics course, the first law deals with heat energy and work that can alter internal energy in a system. In all these courses, the conservation of energy states that the amount of energy remains constant, that means that energy is neither created nor destroyed but transferable from one form to another, keeping the total energy same within a fixed domain. Students are initially exposed to energy balance equation in their first Thermodynamics course. In this course, emphasis is placed upon those parameters of specific interest related to energy to this subject. We attempted to tie the concepts of the energy balance equation through 1st Law in thermodynamics to those emphasized in Fluid Mechanics. This was accomplished by taking the students from the starting point of the thermodynamics’ first law for Energy Balance equation to the finished Fluid Mechanics’ Bernoulli’s equation. In the following semester, students were again taken through the process of converting the 1st Law of thermodynamics to Bernoulli’s equation of fluid mechanics. Direct and indirect assessments were then conducted to measure students’ understanding on the energy and its conservation. Through a series of questionnaire and their feedback, Students were found to be more knowledgeable in the conservation of energy through the synchronization of energy balance concepts in these two courses. This presentation is a part of work-in-progress project that we first presented at 2022 WVAS meeting.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80342973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Karst Terrain Promotes Thermal Resiliency in Headwater Streams 喀斯特地形促进源流热弹性

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.947

Karmann G. Kessler, Karli M. Rogers, C. Marsh, N. Hitt

引用次数: 0

Identification by DNA barcode of culturable, airborne, environmental fungi isolated from the Shepherd University campus 谢泼德大学校园可培养、空气传播、环境真菌的DNA条形码鉴定

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.954

Jessica S. Kellison, Elizabeth Rea, L. Robertson

{"title":"Identification by DNA barcode of culturable, airborne, environmental fungi isolated from the Shepherd University campus","authors":"Jessica S. Kellison, Elizabeth Rea, L. Robertson","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.954","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse fungi are abundant within soil communities and commonly found in association with many plant and tree species. This study investigates the culturable, airborne fungi found in the outside environment of the Shepherd University campus. Viable fungi were captured in two different locations on two different culture media, using the open plate method. Captured fungi were isolated and putative species identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene cassette. Due to insufficient sequence variability within the ITS region, most isolates could not be identified to species. 15 fungal isolates were identified to order, family, genus, or species complex: Dothideales (1 isolate), Didymellaceae (4 isolates), Aureobasidium (1 isolate), Cladosporium (1 isolate), Mucor (3 isolates), Nigrospora (1 isolate), Pestalotiopsis (2 isolates), and Penicillium (2 isolates), including Penicillium thiersii (1 isolate). These isolates are similar to those isolated from inside a teaching laboratory on the Shepherd University campus; Didymellaceae, Cladosporiaceae, and Penicillium fungi were isolated multiple times within the teaching laboratory. This research was supported by the Shepherd University Biology Department, a student fellowship from NASA-WVSGC (J. Kellison), and a research enhancement award from NASA-WVSGC (L. Robertson).","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75759872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Induced Thyrotoxicosis on Avian Limb Development. 诱导甲状腺毒症对禽类肢体发育的影响。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.979

Haley Carter, Holly Racine

{"title":"The Effect of Induced Thyrotoxicosis on Avian Limb Development.","authors":"Haley Carter, Holly Racine","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.979","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for bone development. Altered TH levels such as hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis, results in the early maturation of the cartilaginous scaffold for long bone development, which can cause improper ossification. Maternal hyperthyroidism during embryonic development causes neonatal thyrotoxicosis and can therefore lead to stunted growth in infants. In our avian model of induced thyrotoxicosis, we injected saline (control) or 25ng thyroxine (T4) in 0.1 mL dose into fertilized chicken eggs on embryonic (E) days E11 and E15. On E19, chicken embryo length was measured and limbs were collected. The left limbs were whole-mount stained with Alizarin Red (bone) and Alcian Blue (cartilage). Limbs were then imaged and tibias were measured using ImageJ. The tibias from the right limbs were further dissected, embedded in paraffin, cut (5μM), and stained with Safranin O (cartilage) and Fast Green (bone). Sections were examined to determine morphological changes in the cartilaginous long bone scaffold. Body length was 4.8% shorter following thyroxine exposure (p<0.01). Tibias were 2.4% shorter, though not statistically significant (p=0.36). Paraffin-embedded sections suggested increased chondrocyte hypertrophy, although further quantification is required. In conclusion, our data support thyroxine-induced changes in long bone morphology. Understanding how thyrotoxicosis can alter bone development in utero is important for developing potential targeted therapies for improving ossification in cases of neonatal thyrotoxicosis. \u0000 \u0000Acknowledgment of NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium (Grant #80NSSC20M0055) and the Genomics Core Facility and WV-INBRE (NIH grant P20GM103434).","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74779468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing the contribution to pathogenesis by three putative transcriptional regulators of Francisella tularensis using the chicken embryo infection model. 利用鸡胚感染模型分析三种可能的土拉弗朗西斯菌转录调控因子对发病机制的贡献。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.970

Shania Davis

{"title":"Analyzing the contribution to pathogenesis by three putative transcriptional regulators of Francisella tularensis using the chicken embryo infection model.","authors":"Shania Davis","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.970","url":null,"abstract":"SHANIA DAVIS, MARIAH CASHBAUGH, ELIO DELATORE & JOSEPH HORZEMPA Dept of Biomedical Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, 26074. Analyzing the contribution to pathogenesis by three putative transcriptional regulators of Francisella tularensis using the chicken embryo infection model. \u0000Francisella tularensis is a highly pathogenic bacterium that can be used as a biological weapon. This bacterium causes tularemia which is also known as Rabbit Fever. Previously, our laboratory identified three F. tularensis loci predicted to encode transcriptional regulators (FTL_0671, FTL_1199, and FTL_1665) that exhibited transcriptional changes in the presence of human erythrocytes. We hypothesized that because transcriptional modulations were associated with the presence of host cues, these potential transcriptional regulators may be important for pathogenesis. Therefore, mutants of these three loci and the isogenic wild-type bacterium (strain LVS) were used to infect chicken embryos. Healthy chicken embryos were injected with 104, 105, or 106 colony forming units of each strain, and chicken embryoys were candled daily for viability. The chicken embryos were housed in an egg incubator (~37°C with occasional rocking) and were observed over a span of 10 days. Neither FTL_0671 nor FTL_1199 affected the pathogenesis of F. tularensis. However, chicken embryos infected with the FTL_1665 deletion strain exhibited mortality more rapidly compared to those infected with wild-type bacteria suggesting that this locus may be repressing pathogenesis. Future studies will evaluate the function of FTL_1665 to determine if the protein encoded by this locus truly mediates transcriptional regulation.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78442269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thelper1 and T helper2 cytokine production patterns in stressed beta2-adrenergic receptor-deficient mice during chlamydia genital infection. 衣原体感染时应激β -肾上腺素能受体缺乏小鼠的per1和T - helper2细胞因子产生模式

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.996

Kristen Rolen

{"title":"Thelper1 and T helper2 cytokine production patterns in stressed beta2-adrenergic receptor-deficient mice during chlamydia genital infection.","authors":"Kristen Rolen","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.996","url":null,"abstract":"Murine CD4+ T cells have two distinct cytokine secretion patterns to play different functions. We have demonstrated that cold-induced stress (CIS) suppresses the immune system leading to increased intensity of Chlamydia muridaum in mice. We have reported that beta2-adrenergic receptor (b2-AR) knockout (KO) mice resist chlamydia genital infection. However, the cytokine profile of CD4+ T cells is not well explored. This study aimed to determine the cytokine production of Th1 and Th2 types in stressed and non-stressed b2-AR KO mice. We investigated the cytokine production levels of stressed and non-stressed mice during C. muridarum genital infection. Significantly increased production of cytokines was observed in plates pre-coated with anti-CD3/CD28 or in the presence of Con A or LPS. A decrease in the production of IFN-g and IL-2, whereas an increase in the secretion of IL-10, IL-13, and IL-23 in CD4+ T cells of stressed wild-type mice was obtained; however, the secretion of IFN-g and IL-2 was restored in T cells of b2-AR KO mice. Moreover, in vitro proliferation of CD4 T cells in the presence of b2-AR antagonists, ICI 118, 551 stimulated the production of Th1 cytokines, whereas b2-AR agonist, Fenoterol, decreased the production of Th1-type cytokines. Overall, Th1 cytokine responses are reduced in stressed mice suggesting that the cytokine status was polarized toward a Th2 immune response that can be restored by removing b2-AR from immune cells.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81978572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational insights on the structure of transition states and intermediates of the Boyland-Sims Oxidation reaction Boyland-Sims氧化反应过渡态和中间体结构的计算见解

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1006

Isaac Hall

{"title":"Computational insights on the structure of transition states and intermediates of the Boyland-Sims Oxidation reaction","authors":"Isaac Hall","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.1006","url":null,"abstract":"The Boyland-Sims Oxidation reaction uses an alkaline solution of peroxydisulfate salt to convert arylamines to o-aminophenols. The long-standing mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by the amine leading to the formation of an arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate intermediate, which then rearranges to the arylamine o-sulfate. The long-standing mechanism of a nucleophilic attack by the amine on peroxide oxygen has been questioned by Marjanović et al. who have proposed a nitrenium ion intermediate as the reactive species rather than the uncharged amine. It has been challenged by a variety of experimental observations. We present here new computations at a high-level of density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311++G**) to model both arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate and nitrenium ion pathways in a series of aromatic amines. In this study, the energetics of reaction intermediates in both mechanisms are computed for aniline, 2,4-dinitroaniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline. To further support the pathways of the reaction, the calculations were performed to find the transition states involved in both mechanisms. The transition state calculations revealed two possible energetically feasible pathways for the rearrangement of arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate to arylamine o-sulfate. Our results indicate that the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions proceed via arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate intermediate as predicted earlier.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84008016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Induced Thyrotoxicosis Elicits Protective Effects in Developing Hearts 诱导甲状腺毒症对发育中的心脏有保护作用

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.958

Kirsten Bogunovich, Holly L. Racine

{"title":"Induced Thyrotoxicosis Elicits Protective Effects in Developing Hearts","authors":"Kirsten Bogunovich, Holly L. Racine","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.958","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal hyperthyroidism effects development in infants and can lead to conditions such as craniosynostosis, exophthalmos, and cardiac hypertrophy. Models for studying maternal hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis, are limited. Our lab has established an avian model to study the effects of induced thyrotoxicosis on embryonic development. Thyroid hormones (TH) cause inotropic and chronotropic changes in cardiac tissue, including increased cardiac output, increased blood volume, and hypertrophy. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the cardiac changes in our model. Fertilized chicken eggs are injected on embryonic days (E) 11 and 15 with either saline (control) or 25ng thyroxine (T4). Hearts were harvested on day E19, with halves of each sample used for histological staining with Masson’s Trichrome and qRT-PCR analysis. The main objective was to observe systemic effects of our model by studying morphological and genetic changes in the heart following exposure by measuring expression of THRa (TR receptor), ATP2A2 (calcium ATPases), and MYH7(Myosin heavy chain 7). We hypothesized that levels of all 3 markers would be upregulated, since THRaregulates transcription of these other cardiac markers due to fluctuating levels of TH. These are linked to ventricular hypertrophy when upregulated. However, our results contradicted our hypothesis. There was downregulation of all 3 genes, with a significant downregulation in ATP2A2. In combination with other data collected in our lab and related literature, we suspect that there is a cardiac protective effect occurring in the hearts following thyroxine exposure.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89637008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the interactions of variables affecting the rate of nonhuman decomposition 评估影响非人类分解速率的变量之间的相互作用

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.955

Serenity Parsell, Kristy Henson

{"title":"Assessing the interactions of variables affecting the rate of nonhuman decomposition","authors":"Serenity Parsell, Kristy Henson","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.955","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition of organic tissue is a complex process that is affected by a large number of interactions. These variables affect the rate of decomposition, insect activity, and the onset of each individual stage in the decomposition process. Of the variables in effect, some of the most commonly studied are temperature and moisture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of other variables, such as age at death, body size, sun exposure, and presence of preservation chemicals on the rate of decomposition in nonhuman specimens. The goal of this research is to give more insight into the complex interactions between these variables and analyze the reliability of current decomposition analysis. As ethical considerations and policies affect how researchers use human remains, more decomposition research is needed to better understand this very sensitive process and all the variables that are included. Preliminary results suggest that sun exposure, relative body size, and age at death do not significantly affect the rate of nonhuman decomposition, but a principal component analysis suggests correlation does exist between subsets of these variables. Ongoing work to include larger sample sizes, as well as chemically preserved animals, is currently running. Expected results indicate that preserved animals will take longer to fully decompose, and the effects of age, sun exposure, and body size will not be significant. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76839742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The analyzation of DNA and cross contamination inside the cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming chamber. 氰基丙烯酸酯(强力胶)发烟室内DNA及交叉污染分析。

Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.981

Casie Banyi

{"title":"The analyzation of DNA and cross contamination inside the cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming chamber.","authors":"Casie Banyi","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i2.981","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this experiment looked at were that the DNA, both skin cells and saliva, have the potential of binding with the superglue as it coats each object being fumed. If DNA has the potential of binding with the superglue, then it is very possible for DNA to be carried in the air by the humidifier, thus contaminating other objects. For the first experiment, two saliva covered microscope slides, one female and one male, were fumed along with 25 other sterile slides. Each sterile slide was swabbed and analyzed for DNA in an electrophoresis gel chamber. The second experiment fumed ten microscope slides presented with fingerprints. Each sterile slide was swabbed and analyzed for DNA in an electrophoresis gel chamber. The results showed that there was minimal cross contamination present on the slides fumed with the saliva based slides. The touch DNA experiment showed that there are potentially identifiable DNA markers present in fingerprints after fuming. The results concluded that it is possible to have DNA cross contamination between items that carry no DNA prior to the fumigation, and potential DNA can be found on fingerprints after fumigation.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75579105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0