Barseghyan Mariam, Barseghyan Hayk, Nahigian Gardenia E, Vilain Eric J, Sagayan Elena, Wilkes Michael S
{"title":"Assessment of Reproductive and Sexual Health Literacy of Women in Armenia","authors":"Barseghyan Mariam, Barseghyan Hayk, Nahigian Gardenia E, Vilain Eric J, Sagayan Elena, Wilkes Michael S","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Armenia, women’s health and reproductive choices are limited. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of cervical cancer in Armenia has risen from 11 to 14 per 100,000 women in the last 15 years [1]. The WHO also reports that poor knowledge about HIV prevention contributes to low rates of condom use and thus year-to-year increasing rates of HIV particularly among migrant male populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men and sex workers in Armenia [2]. Our study sought to obtain data exploring knowledge of Armenian women around issues related to women’s health, specifically sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical cancer while also assessing their contraceptive choices. Methods: Study consisted of 173 female participants (medical personnel and general respondents) from villages of Armavir and Lori Marz in the Northern Armenia who completed confidential self-filled and validated surveys in Armenian. Questions covered demographics and addressed risk factors, symptoms, and modes of prevention of STIs and cervical cancer as well as contraceptive choices of women. Respondents’ answers were tabulated, and common themes identified. Comparison was made between general population and health care workers level of knowledge on specific topic. Results: Both general population and medical personnel demonstrated lack of knowledge of diseases classified as STIs, with only 13% and 41% of respondents being able to correctly identify a disease as an STI entity respectively. Overall knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) as a cause of cervical cancer was low among both groups, with only 7% of general population and 31% health professionals being able to link HPV to the risk of developing cervical cancer. Most participants correctly identified PAP smear as a method of cervical cancer prevention; however, only 11% of general population and none of the surveyed health care workers believed that HPV vaccination can prevent cervical cancer. Most respondents (88%) used no mode of contraception. Among those who used contraception, condoms were the most common method (22%) with 5% of respondents using oral combination pills. Nearly third of all respondents marked having had at least one abortion. Conclusion: In this study, we identified a significant deficit of knowledge regarding reproductive health, specifically, STIs and cervical cancer modes of prevention and methods of effective contraception. Furthermore, the poor knowledge of these subjects was shared by medical professionals. Improvements in the area of health education are needed to promote safe sexual practices proven to decrease the risk of STI exposure, support HPV vaccination campaign and use of modern methods of contraception.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85790545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirley Aa Beresford, Deborah J Bowen, Alyson J Littman, Denise L Albano, Kc Gary Chan, Shelby L Langer, Wendy E Barrington, Donald L Patrick
{"title":"Relationship of Socioeconomic Status Indicators to Obesity in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Middle-Aged Women: A Population Study.","authors":"Shirley Aa Beresford, Deborah J Bowen, Alyson J Littman, Denise L Albano, Kc Gary Chan, Shelby L Langer, Wendy E Barrington, Donald L Patrick","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510090","DOIUrl":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity rates differ between Hispanic and White (non-Hispanic) women in the United States, with higher rates among Hispanic women. Socioeconomic processes contribute to this disparity both at the individual and the environmental level. Understanding these complex relationships requires multilevel analyses within cohorts of women that have a shared environment. In population-based samples of Hispanic and White (non-Hispanic) women from the same neighborhoods, we evaluated within each ethnic group a) The association of individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) with body mass index (BMI); and b) The additional contribution of neighborhood-level measures of SES.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using population-based multi-stage sampling methods, we oversampled low SES and Hispanic block groups. During household screening, we identified women aged 30 to 50 years. Among White women, we specifically oversampled women with low educational levels. 515 Hispanic and 503 White women completed baseline. Height and weight were measured. Baseline surveys, in Spanish and English, included four measures of SES. Three measures of area-level SES were examined. Analysis of log<sub>e</sub> BMI on each SES measure used linear mixed models, incorporating design effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among White women, low education, social status, and neighborhood SES were associated with higher BMI (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.05, respectively), independent of other SES measures. Although the highest grouped category of education, income and subjective social status within the Hispanic cohort had the lowest mean estimated BMI, the point estimates across categories were not monotonic, and had wide confidence intervals. As a result, in contrast to the findings among White women, no statistically significant associations were found between BMI and measures of SES among Hispanic women.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Neighborhood and individual measures of SES operate differently in Hispanic compared with White women. We had assumed the measures we included to be most salient and operate similarly for both groups of women. Rather the salient factors for Hispanic women have yet to be identified. Improved understanding may ultimately inform the design of culturally-relevant multilevel obesity prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469717/pdf/nihms-1019021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37170984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnitude of Home Delivery and Associated Factors among Antenatal Care Booked Mothers in Delanta District, South Wollo Zone, North East Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study, March 2018","authors":"Wodaynew Tilahun, Fekecha Bekana, Abdisa Biru","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510086","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Home delivery is childbirth in a non-clinical setting that takes place in residence than in health institution. Globally, every day more than 800 women died due to complications during pregnancy or childbirth. In Ethiopia, few are known about the factors that affect women’s place of delivery after utilization of antenatal care service. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of home delivery and associated factors among antenatal care booked mothers in Delanta district, North east Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based Cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 15 to 30, 2018. Multistage sampling methods were applied to select 576 respondents among mothers booked for antenatal care. Data was collected through face to face interview using pretested questionnaire. Epi-Data version 3.1 and statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify any statistically significant association existed between dependent and independent variables. P-value < 0.05 was declared as statistical significance level. Result: The prevalence of home delivery after ante natal care (ANC) follow up among mothers who gave birth in the last one year was 196 (35.2%). The factors associated with home delivery were age of the mothers between 20-24 years (AOR = 0.089, 95% CI [0.043, 0.184]), occupation of the mothers (AOR = 3.422, 95% CI [1.557, 7.524]), nonexposed to media (AOR =1.979, 95% CI [1.149, 3.410]), having first antenatal care) visit (AOR = 3.217, 95% CI [1.575, 6.570]) and distance (time taken) between 90-120 minutes to reach health facility on foot (5.459, 95% CI [1.681, 17.732]). Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of home delivery after ante natal care follow up in Delanta district was high. Distance, age and occupation of the mothers, number of ANC visit and non-media exposure were statistically significant association with home delivery. The district should better enhances geographic access to a health facility, gives awareness on the importance of media exposure and the health professionals should visit mothers if they miss the next appointment in ANC follow up care.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84358822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postnatal Care Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Delivered in Shebe Sombo Woreda, Jimma Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Chemir Fantaye, G. Melkamu, Sinaga Makeda","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510078","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postnatal care is a critical period for both mothers and newborns survival. But, post-natal care is yet neglected; little attention and an effort have been paid by health care providers and policy makers in developing countries. Post-natal care service utilization is still low and maternal mortality rate is high. However, studies on postnatal care service utilization and associated factors are lacking in the study setting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess postnatal care service utilization and associated factors among mothers who delivered in Shabe sombo woreda, Jimma zone, Oromiya region, South West Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Shabe sombo woreda, Jimma zone. A total of 564 study participants were included in the study using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from March 1 April 1, 2018. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was made in order to predict factors associated with postnatal care (PNC) service utilization. Result: The study revealed that the magnitude of PNC service utilizations is 58.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, mothers with younger age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.243, (95% CI: 1.066, 4.721), having antenatal care visit (AOR = 9.36, 95% CI: 5.605, 15.618), experiencing obstetric complication during pregnancy (AOR = 2.3373, 95% CI: 1.095, 5.142), who had information about PNC (AOR = 9.946, 95% CI: 6.009, 16.460) and appointed for PNC follow-up (AOR = 2.114, 95% CI: 1.289, 3.466) were more likely to utilize postnatal care services. Conclusion: Though the finding showed that postnatal care service utilization was high when compared to other studies done in country, it was a lot behind from the national target of postnatal care service utilization in Ethiopia. The initiative of provision of information, education, counseling and communication both at the community and facility level should be strengthened.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health Beliefs as Predictors of Breast Self-Examination Behavior","authors":"Mousavi Fatemeh, Shojaei Parisa, Homasan Sam","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the frequency of getting such health screenings as breast self-examination among a group of women and to identify the role of health beliefs in predicting breast self-examination (BSE). Methods: The data were collected from a convenience sample of 225 women covered of the clinics in northwest of Tehran. The participants completed the demographic questions and Champion Health Beliefs Scale (CHBS) designed to measure patients’ perception on breast self-examination of breast cancer screening. Also answered The Breast Cancer Knowledge Test (BCKT) that was applied to measure participants’ knowledge. Results: The results indicated that 52% of women before did Breast Self-Examination and had poor knowledge on breast cancer. Most disagree about questions of Champion Health Beliefs Scale was with phrase of “I do not check because the leave the condition on God” and most agree with “Early detection leads less surgical intervention and best healing”. Logistic regression showed that educational status, breastfeeding and the perceived barriers significantly predicted BSE (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that the HBM constructs are able to predict BSE behavior. Among these constructs, perceived barriers was the most important predictor of the behavior. Interventions based on the constructs of perceived barriers and educational interventions are recommended for increasing women’s regular screening for breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84492535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insight into Audit Reports on the Causes of Maternal Deaths in Poor Health Settings: The Case of North Kivu Province in Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"K. Woolf, M. Célestin, N KadimaJustin","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510079","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal mortality is a major public health problem in the world and particularly in developing countries. Understanding the causes and responsibilities remain capital when action is needed by policymakers and practitioners or by caregivers. The objective was to analyze audit data reported on maternal deaths and highlight the major causes of mortality as well as responsibilities. Methods: We analyzed 48 cases of maternal deaths that were reported to the health information bureau of the province of North Kivu in DR Congo in the first semester of 2017. The audit was conducted in various health facilities located in both rural and urban areas including General Reference Hospital and Reference Health Centers as Category-2, private polyclinics and small medical centers as Category-1. The audit consisted of verbal autopsy, verbal determination of non-clinical causes of death and verbal communication of basic characteristics using a standardized national Audit Form. The causes of mother death were defined as direct or indirect and related to heath facilities or to mother next of kin. Results: The analysis shows the mothers were aged 15-43 years, of which 54.9% were in good health at the admission to health centers. The causes were considered as direct in 75.1% and indirect in 24.9% of all cases. More than half of women died of hemorrhage (52%) followed by thromboembolism and cardiovascular diseases (14.6%). Lack of quality infrastructure in health facilities and incompetence of care practitioners were responsible for 68% of deaths against 32% cases related to mothers and next of kin persons. The majority of deaths occurred in multiparinous (45.8%) than primiparous (20.8%) mothers, during postpartum (64.5%) than intrapartum (6.2%) period, in rural (62.5%) than in urban (37.5%) areas. Conclusions: Maternal mortality is subjected to many causes implicating particularly poor quality of infrastructures and inexperience of practitioners. That is, upgrading the infrastructure of obstetrical medical facilities and the professionalism of nurses and other health practitioners, while educating pregnant women about childbirth good practice, may significantly reduce maternal mortality in this Province and in the Country.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82133922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Premenstrual Syndrome Related Psychiatric Disorder on Physical and Mental Health Status of Adolescents- A Short Review","authors":"Haoran Zeng, Ning Xiang, B. Swapna","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510083","url":null,"abstract":"Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in adolescents in the reproductive age and share features with a number of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, it has a negative impact on emotions and their performances. Since many factors influence the development of this syndrome, we sought to examine and analyze the various social, behavioral, physical and psychological issues associated with PMS in this short review. Moreover, through this study, we recommend the need to have an effective health education program to educate the various clinical and psychological aspects of PMS to help adolescents in higher schools and colleges to deal with the symptoms, and to lead a better energetic life. In this review, we have analyzed various PMS symptoms reported with possible causes and the genetic predisposition and personality traits of individuals with PMS. Finally, we conclude that implementing an awareness program on PMS issues among adolescents in educational institutions with effective counselling for symptomatic students, can guide them to alleviate the psychological stress and improve their productive life.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77940384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silva Ana Flávia Bezerra da, L. Perez, Panta Amanda Torres, Padilha Deborah de Melo Magalhães
{"title":"Oncofertility: An Area of Reproductive Medicine Capable to Protect the Fertility of Cancer Patients","authors":"Silva Ana Flávia Bezerra da, L. Perez, Panta Amanda Torres, Padilha Deborah de Melo Magalhães","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510085","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer, also called malignant neoplasm, is a disorder which can be manifested in almost anywhere in the body as a result of errors in the cell cycle control machinery, resulting in the formation of tumors. Although the pursuit of a cure is still a top priority for cancer research, the concern about the side effects that the treatment of the disease can produce is an important factor that must be taken into account. One undesirable consequence is infertility, since patients are subordinate to the cytotoxic dynamics of radio and chemotherapy. In this sense, assisted reproduction provides an alternative to protect the fertility of the bearer, through the use of reproductive biotechniques associated with gametes, tissues and embryo freezing, either by vitrification or conventional slow freezing. Cryopreservation is a reproductive biotechnique in which extremely low temperatures are used in order to decrease cellular metabolism. This technique has gained interest in the field of oncofertility, offering hope for men and women, cancer patients, granting them the possibility of being able to procreate biological children once their treatment for cancer is concluded. Although the cryopreservation technique allows the preservation of viability to diverse tissues and cells used during in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (AI), among other techniques, the low temperatures from cryopreservation can lead to irreversible cellular damage. As a result, cryoprotectants appear to contribute to the reduction of the rate of deleterious effects caused by intracellular ice formation, increasing the survival rate of viable gametes. Therefore, in the present article a bibliographic survey was carried out from 1983 to 2018, through databases such as Scielo and Pubmed. Eighty-two articles were used as reference, having a requirement for inclusion of scientific articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with the purpose of describing the state of research which attempts to preserve the fertility of cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79997904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lived Experience of Guatemalan Lay Midwives' Struggle with Obstetrical Emergencies","authors":"G. Kimberly, K. Jill","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77398619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Staboulidou, J. Bešlić, E. Kuehnle, C. Kaisenberg, P. Hillemanns, C. Schippert
{"title":"Neonatal and Maternal Short-Term Outcome after Emergency Caesarean Section in Comparison to Elective and Second Stage Caesareans: Results of A Retrospective 10-Year Survey","authors":"I. Staboulidou, J. Bešlić, E. Kuehnle, C. Kaisenberg, P. Hillemanns, C. Schippert","doi":"10.23937/2474-1353/1510080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510080","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim was to compare the neonatal and maternal short-term outcome after an emergency caesarean to the outcome after an elective and after a second stage c-section. A possible impact of the weekday and time of the day as well as the incision-to-closure time within the overall collective and the decision-to-delivery time regarding emergency caesareans on neonatal and maternal outcomes was examined. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the performed c-sections between 2004 and 2014 was carried out at a maximum-careclinic. Results: Emergency c-sections correlate significantly with low APGAR-scores, pH and a higher rate of the need of oxygen mask, intubation, reanimation and transfer to NICU. There was a higher rate of blood loss (p = 0.00001), anaemia rate (p = 0.0001) and an increased rate of fever (p = 0.01345) in emergency c-sections. Time and weekday have been influential factors as regards to the maternal and neonatal outcomes. In 319/320 emergency c-sections, a decision-to-delivery time within 20 minutes was achieved. The postnatal pHvalue was lower the longer the decision-to-delivery time was. The decision-to-delivery time was significantly shorter between 08:00 and 16:00 in comparison to other times and at the weekend. The other neonatal and maternal outcome parameters did not show significant differences. Conclusion: In the majority of cases a decision-to-delivery time of 20 minutes in a clinic with Level I care is feasible. A shorter decision-to-delivery time involves a better pH-value at birth. The maternal complication rate after emergency caesarean is not significantly higher in comparison to the one after an elective or second stage csection with regard to time and weekdays. The higher rate of blood loss, anaemia and fever in emergency csection are treatable conditions, but should bare in mind when performing an emergency c-section.","PeriodicalId":92223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of women's health and wellness","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88413528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}