Annals of forensic research and analysis最新文献

筛选

英文中文

Individuals with Hyperthyroidism are More Susceptible to having a Serious Serotonin Syndrome Following MDMA (Ecstasy) Administration in Rats. 患有甲状腺机能亢进的个体在服用MDMA(摇头丸)后更容易出现严重的血清素综合征。

Annals of forensic research and analysis Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-12

Ibrahim M Shokry, Kayla DeSuza, John J Callanan, Giselle Shim, Zhiyuan Ma, Rui Tao

{"title":"Individuals with Hyperthyroidism are More Susceptible to having a Serious Serotonin Syndrome Following MDMA (Ecstasy) Administration in Rats.","authors":"Ibrahim M Shokry, Kayla DeSuza, John J Callanan, Giselle Shim, Zhiyuan Ma, Rui Tao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In a recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, \"Ecstasy\"), some but not all users are stricken with a serious serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) syndrome. This raises a question as to whether there exist subpopulations that are more susceptible to MDMA intoxication. The hypothesis was tested with hyperthyroid versus euthyroid rats by measuring changes in body-core temperature (T cor) and 5-HT in the hypothalamus. In the euthyroid rats, injection of MDMA at a recreationally relevant dose had no serious effect on T cor. In contrast, the same dose was sufficient to evoke life-threatening hyperthermia in hyperthyroid rats. Neurochemical studies revealed that there was greater 5-HT efflux in the hyperthyroid than the euthyroid rats. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with M100907, a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. In summary, our data support the hypothesis that individuals with hyperthyroidism are more susceptible to having a serious serotonin syndrome following MDMA administration.","PeriodicalId":92167,"journal":{"name":"Annals of forensic research and analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6548465/pdf/nihms-1026785.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37047355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthetic Cathinones: A Brief Overview of Overviews with Applications to the Forensic Sciences. 合成卡西酮:概述及其在法医学中的应用。

Annals of forensic research and analysis Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-21

Richard A Glennon, Małgorzata Dukat

{"title":"Synthetic Cathinones: A Brief Overview of Overviews with Applications to the Forensic Sciences.","authors":"Richard A Glennon, Małgorzata Dukat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Catha edulis, the fresh leaves of which (i.e., khat) are used for their central stimulant actions, has been known for many hundreds of years. S(-)Cathinone was identified as a centrally-active khat constituents >30 years ago. Although khat use was a problem long localized to certain Middle Eastern and certain Eastern African nations, 'synthetic cathinones' (synthetic analogs of cathinone) represent a \"new\" class of abused substances with growing worldwide appeal. To date, about 150 synthetic cathinones have been identified on the clandestine market, and only a dozen or so have been controlled (U.S. Schedule I). Because these agents do not represent a pharmacologically (i.e., behavioral) or mechanistically homogeneous class of agents, synthetic cathinones are being investigated one agent at a time to understand their actions, mechanisms of action, metabolism, toxicity, and abuse potential - the latter to identify possible modes of overdose treatment and for Scheduling purposes. The available agents might represent only the 'tip of the iceberg'; the potential for many more new synthetic cathinones is very real. Investigation of these agents on an agent-by-agent basis is a daunting task. Attempts are being made to understand these agents as a class, by examination of their structure-activity relationships. Here, we provide an overview of review articles that attempts to shed light on these agents as a class, rather than on an agent-by-agent basis. This article is meant to be a reference resource that might expedite the work of those in this field by directing them to where they can find useful information.","PeriodicalId":92167,"journal":{"name":"Annals of forensic research and analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6168209/pdf/nihms942262.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36558857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environment Influencing Serotonin Syndrome Induced by Ecstasy Abuse. 环境对摇头丸滥用致血清素综合征的影响。

Annals of forensic research and analysis Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-07

Rui Tao, Ibrahim M Shokry, John J Callanan

{"title":"Environment Influencing Serotonin Syndrome Induced by Ecstasy Abuse.","authors":"Rui Tao, Ibrahim M Shokry, John J Callanan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Ecstasy is a recreational drug containing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). In the U.S., there are several millions of lifetime users, and millions each year added to the list as new users. Only several thousand every year show signs of severe toxicity and require emergency intervention. The illness is known as serotonin (5-HT) syndrome, which can be mild, moderate or severe. The relationship between mild, moderate and severe syndromes appears to be interchangeable, but the severe syndrome is life-threatening. The serotonergic mechanisms of how the mild or moderate syndrome becomes severe and life-threatening have attracted considerable attention in the last few years as an effort to explore new treatments potentially to manage illness and prevent death of patients. High levels of extracellular 5-HT in the brain produced by large doses of MDMA are not always necessary to cause a severe serotonin syndrome. Additional mechanisms may be more important. Recent research has demonstrated that environmental conditions (i.e., non-drug factors) are more critical in determining the severity of MDMA-induced serotonin syndrome than the drug dose. The purpose of the current article was to review available evidence regarding the effect of non-drug factors on serotonergic extrasynaptic receptor responsivity and the severity of MDMA-induced serotonin syndrome.","PeriodicalId":92167,"journal":{"name":"Annals of forensic research and analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5931730/pdf/nihms909770.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36077623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0