International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Stem and Yellow Rusts on Grain Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L) Genotypes Under Rainfed Conditions of Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Shewaye, Habte Zegaye, Z. Tadesse, Tafesse Solomon, Dawit Asnake, Gadisa Alemu, Abebe Delesa, Ruth Diga, Demeke Zewdu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20210601.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20210601.13","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases are among the major factors affecting the yield of wheat, especially rust diseases have historically been one of principal biotic production constraints in the world. Among the three main rusts affecting wheat, yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, and Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici are the most important disease in most wheat growing areas of Ethiopia. There are a limited number of resistant varieties available and new pathotypes that overcome the most widely deployed genes have arisen. The development of improved varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has always remained a focal point for wheat breeders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to select genotypes with good agronomic performance that have high grain yield and yield component with better rust resistance especially for stripe and stem rusts which are the major diseases in Ethiopia and to recommend the best genotypes to be released as new varieties and as an initial material in breeding. Twenty-Eight genotypes with two checks were evaluated in consecutive two years. From the twenty-eight tested genotypes almost all genotypes except one (ETBW9589) showed higher grain yield than the two standard checks (Kingbird and Ogolcho). But for the case of both rust diseases as AUDPC and CI showed that tested genotypes were exhibited different reaction responses, if we see one genotypes as an example ETBW9578 had the highest grain yield and good for yellow rust but as AUDPC showed it is very susceptible reaction response for stem rust. Generally phenotypic variation was observed for infection types, level of severity and reaction response for both diseases of the 28 tested elite bread wheat genotypes and the two standard checks. Reaction response for stem rust exhibited from susceptible (S) to Moderately resistance-moderately susceptible (M) and from immunity (0) to moderately resistance (MR) for the yellow rust. Around nine genotypes had good performance for all parameters; for grain yield and yield components and also for both rust diseases. The results of current study indicated that the genotypes had diversity regarding resistance reaction, ranging from complete resistance to susceptible. Most of the evaluated genotypes exhibited moderate resistance (MR) to moderately susceptible (MS) reactions under high disease pressure.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84249151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Laboratory Mineral Soil Analysis and Soil Mineral Management in Organic Farming","authors":"Dugasa Gerenfes","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20210601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20210601.11","url":null,"abstract":"This review discusses about laboratory soil analysis and soil mineral management in different Organic farming. The objective of this review were laboratory mineral soil analysis and soil mineral management in organic farming was to draw together all the available relevant research findings in order to develop the knowledge and expertise of organic advisers and thereby to improve soil management practice on organic farms. There are several methods available for measuring total N in soils, mineral N in soils and mineralization potential. Chemical extractions which aim to establish the pool of nitrogen to plants include the use of potassium salts, K2SO4 to extract inorganic and labile organic N pools. Soil P tests are commonly used to assess soil nutrient availability and to assist in fertilizer recommendations. Available K measured by ammonium nitrate gave a good indication of the plant available K in soil; crops showed a response to increasing available K and continued cropping caused a decline in the pool of available K in soil. Soil analysis based on chemical analysis is a snapshot of nutrient pools. It is normally reported in mg/l of soil. Soils are sampled and analysed and digital maps provided to the farmer. This then allows targeted use of inputs to correct nutrient deficiencies or acidity. While this is primarily used in conventional farming for fertiliser application it is now also being used increasingly in organic farming.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76303685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Partially Purified Rhodanese from Leaves of Cassava in Owo Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Omowumi Funke Adedugbe, Oluwatosin Desola Owolala, Olutosin Samuel Ilesanmi","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbc.20210602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20210602.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82745965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Appropriate Compost Based Nursery Media Preparation for Pineapple (<i>Annanas comosus MERR L.</i>) Seedling Growth at South Ethiopia","authors":"Leta Ajema Gebisa","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbc.20210602.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20210602.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77977641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Phytochemical Evaluation and Phenolic Contents Of Extracts Of Citrullus Lanatus seed","authors":"A. O.D.","doi":"10.19070/2332-2756-200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-2756-200005","url":null,"abstract":"re-Abstract Background: Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, contains antioxidant molecules. It is a good source of carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. Aim: The present study investigated the phenolic contents of aqueous and methanol extracts of C. lanatus seed. Methods: Aqueous and methanol extracts of C. lanatus seed were prepared using standard method. The phenolic contents of the plant extracts were determined using standard procedures. Results: Of the four phytochemicals quantified alkaloids were present in the highest amount, while phytate was completely ab-sent. The methanol extract had significantly higher total phenol, tannins, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin contents, relative to the aqueous extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that C. lanatus seed is a good source of phenolic compounds and could be used as a natural constituent of food and medicines.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria","authors":"Z. Mohammed, Z. Chellube, A. M. Jatau, J. Akan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20200502.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20200502.11","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives were to determine the concentrations of herbicide residues in soil and different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to compare the levels with allowable limits set by WHO/FAO. Four varieties of rice samples (Narica 1, Marica 2, De-gold and Faro 44 were collected from Zabarmari and Bulamari agricultural locations for the determination of herbicide residues. Extraction and cleanup of the samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The levels of the studied herbicide residues were determined using Agilent 7890A GC/MS. From the results of the study, it was observed that paraquat and butachlor are the most dominant used herbicides in the study area due to their higher concentrations in the soil and rice samples. The concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the rice samples. The concentrations of all the herbicides in the soil samples were observed to be higher at depth of 0-10cm, while the lowest concentrations were detected at the depth of 20-30 cm. The study clearly indicates that some of the studied herbicide residues in the rice samples were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs). Hence, this high values of residues of herbicide call for strict vigilance and constant monitoring in other to protect further contamination of the cultivated rice by herbicides.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81198071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Ordinary Beverages or Medicinal Beverages: A Review","authors":"Jalal Omidi, Samaneh Abdolmohammadi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190402.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190402.13","url":null,"abstract":"Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Tea extracts are source of polyphenols, which are antioxidant components. Green tea phenolic compounds are predominately composed of catechin derivatives, although other compounds such as flavonols and phenolic acids are also present in lower proportion. Camellia sinensis is commonly known as Tea which is most consummated beverage in the world. The diversify properties of the C. sinensis encourage us for new research. There are lots of finding in process on the tea. And there are some positive aspects also found. Present review is an attempt to summarize the various pharmacological effects particularly anti cancer and antioxidant activity may be a powerful tool for future era. In this whole study we can see how much tea is beneficial and may be it will prove a good tool for better treatment option.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90766910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum Fermentation on the Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Quality of Sorghum (Samsorg 17) for Chicken Feed Production","authors":"A. Moriki, Mohammed Sani Sambo Datsugwui, A. Attahiru","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190402.12","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of fermentation using Lactobacillus fermentum (Lactic acid bacteria) on the nutritional content, anti-nutrient quality of sorghum (samsorg 17) was investigated. Sorghum sample was subjected to three days (72 hours) submerged fermentation during which the Lactobacillus fermentum was inoculated using 0.5 Mcfarland standard. pH and TTA was recorded after every 12 hours though out the 72 hours of the fermentation. There was decrease in pH with increase in TTA as the fermentation time progresses. The result of the proximate analysis revealed a marginal increase in percentage protein content for fermented sorghum sample (7.89 to 11.50%). There was increase in moisture content and decrease in carbohydrate, ash content and fat contents of the fermented sorghum sample. Results from this research also showed significant reduction in anti-nutritional content which are tannin and phytate. Fermentation has modified the nutritional quality and anti-nutritional quality of sorghum and this has greatly improved the nutrient content of the sorghum.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76494634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants in Their Conservation in Charmang Village, Bajaur, KP, Pakistan","authors":"S. Abidullah, A. Rauf, S. Khan, Mehnaz, A. Bibi, Sommya Fazal","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.20","url":null,"abstract":"The Ethno-medicinal studies have been carried out for the first time in Charmang, Tehsil Nawagai, district Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. In this project a total of 64 medicinal plants belonging to 39 families and 58 genera and species have been documented, which are being used by the local communities for the treatment of different human sicknesses. Among 64 plant species, 58 medicinal plants species were found as compared with the 12 earlier published articles. This study mainly focused to protect the world’s cultural tradition and to document the importance of medicinal plants present in the research area. A complete data has been established on the general and worldwide uses of the projected study to find out new possible species for further studies. A general field surveys was arranged in the desire area, which was based on semi-structured meetings of 135 local sneaks. To assess the exact herbal knowledge, the data were investigated using quantifiable Ethno medicinal records as RFC (Relative Frequency Citation) and UV (Use Value), separately. The local interviewed peoples used 64 plant species belonging to 58 genera in 39 families, mainly Lamiaceae , Rhamnaceae and Solanaceae . The type of most common diseases (25%) was Respiratory diseases (Asthma, Throat infection, Cough etc.). The present study was emphasized based on ironic herbal knowledge to know the novel findings of medicinal plants in district Bajaur, KP, Pakistan which could be a standard use for upgrading the knowledge in terms of plant phytochemistry, pharmacology and biological activities for the efficiency and safety of medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89551717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Proximate Analysis of Chickpea Varieties","authors":"F. Naz, Tabassum Yaseen, Shah Wali Khan, M. Kamil","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.19","url":null,"abstract":"A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on different varieties of Cicer arietinum L. (Chana Punjab 2008, Chana Dasht and Chana bakar 2011). The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) with AMF treatments and replications three times repeated under natural condition during Rabi season 2014-2015 at Department of Botany Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. The pots were filled with processed soil and each pot having 4Kg of phosphorus deficient soil (1.43 mg kg-1). Size of each pot (23cm x 19.5cm). Some pots were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and twenty seeds of chickpea were sown in each pot. The results show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly increased proximate composition in Chickpea verities as compared to non-inoculated plants. Inoculated plants performed better when compared with control plants. Similarly it is also proved that Chickpea verities are more dependent on mycorrhizal inoculation under P-deficient condition for better survival.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88863567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}