Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献_第7页

SARS–CoV–2 and Food—How Confident Are We about Them? SARS-CoV-2和食物——我们对它们有多有信心?

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene1030008

V. Economou, H. Sakkas, E. Bezirtzoglou, A. Papa, N. Soultos

引用次数: 1

Clinical Failure and Emergence of Resistance during Third Generation Cephalosporin Therapy for Enterobacter spp. Infection: Is the Risk Overestimated? A Prospective Multicentric Study 第三代头孢菌素治疗肠杆菌感染的临床失败和耐药性的出现:风险被高估了吗?前瞻性多中心研究

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene1020007

B. Pilmis, T. Delerue, A. Belkacem, P. Caraux-Paz, S. Kernéis, S. Alviset, E. Canoui, A. Mizrahi, A. Bleibtreu, M. Lafaurie, E. Carbonnelle, J. Zahar

{"title":"Clinical Failure and Emergence of Resistance during Third Generation Cephalosporin Therapy for Enterobacter spp. Infection: Is the Risk Overestimated? A Prospective Multicentric Study","authors":"B. Pilmis, T. Delerue, A. Belkacem, P. Caraux-Paz, S. Kernéis, S. Alviset, E. Canoui, A. Mizrahi, A. Bleibtreu, M. Lafaurie, E. Carbonnelle, J. Zahar","doi":"10.3390/hygiene1020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene1020007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical and microbiological guidelines recommend treating infections caused by Enterobacter spp. with cefepime or carbapenems. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk of clinical failure with third generation cephalosporin (3GC) therapy compared to other β-lactams for infections caused by Enterobacter spp. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the risk of emergence of resistance during therapy. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in seven French hospitals over an 18-month period including all patients with a pulmonary and/or bloodstream infection due to Enterobacter spp. susceptible to 3GC. Results: Seventy-four patients were included in our study. Among them, 26 (35%) received a 3GC as a first-line treatment, and clinical improvements were observed for 13/21 (62%) of them. Four (5%) cases of emergence of 3GC resistance were observed during therapy including one in the 3GC group. 3GC therapy can be safely used as first-line therapy especially for non-severe patients suffering from pulmonary or bloodstream infections due to Enterobacter spp. Conclusions: Emergence of 3GC resistance remains a rare event, and there is a lack of evidence of the benefit of last-line antibiotics therapies.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46139385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiota of the Tongue and Systemic Connections: The Examination of the Tongue as an Integrated Approach in Oral Medicine 舌的微生物群与系统联系：口腔医学综合检查舌

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3390/HYGIENE1020006

C. Casu, Giovanna Mosaico, V. Natoli, A. Scarano, F. Lorusso, F. Inchingolo

{"title":"Microbiota of the Tongue and Systemic Connections: The Examination of the Tongue as an Integrated Approach in Oral Medicine","authors":"C. Casu, Giovanna Mosaico, V. Natoli, A. Scarano, F. Lorusso, F. Inchingolo","doi":"10.3390/HYGIENE1020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/HYGIENE1020006","url":null,"abstract":"The tongue is able to quickly reflect the state of health or disease of the human body. Tongue inspection is an important diagnostic approach. It is a unique method that allows to explore the pathogenesis of diseases based on the guiding principles of the holistic concept that involves the observation of changes in the lining of the tongue in order to understand the physiological functions and pathological changes of the body. It is a potential method of screening and early detection of cancer. However, the subjective inspection of the tongue has a low reliability index, and therefore computerized systems of acquisition of diagnostic bioinformation have been developed to analyze the lining of the tongue. Next-generation sequencing technology is used to determine the V2–V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA to study the microbiota. A lot of neoplasms are identified only at an advanced phase, while in the early stages, many subjects remain in an asymptomatic form. On the contrary, the early diagnosis is able to increase the prognosis of cancer and improve the survival rates of subjects. Evidently, it is necessary to develop new strategies in oral medicine for the early diagnosis of diseases, and the diagnosis of the tongue as a minimally invasive method is certainly one of them.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/HYGIENE1020006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48634803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Small-Scale Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Environments of Salmon Processing Plants and Human Cases in Norway 挪威鲑鱼加工厂环境中分离的单核细胞增生李斯特菌与人类病例的小规模比较基因组分析

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.3390/HYGIENE1010005

T. Løvdal, L. Brandal, Arvind Y. M. Sundaram, U. Naseer, B. Roth, B. Lunestad

{"title":"Small-Scale Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Environments of Salmon Processing Plants and Human Cases in Norway","authors":"T. Løvdal, L. Brandal, Arvind Y. M. Sundaram, U. Naseer, B. Roth, B. Lunestad","doi":"10.3390/HYGIENE1010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/HYGIENE1010005","url":null,"abstract":"Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterium that give rise to the potentially life-threatening disease listeriosis. Listeriosis has been mandatorily notifiable in Norway since 1991. All clinical L. monocytogenes isolates are sent to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) for typing. Since 2005 Multi-Locus Variable number tandem repeats Analysis (MLVA) has been used for typing but was recently replaced by whole genome sequencing using core genome Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST). In the present study, L. monocytogenes isolates collected at salmon processing plants in Norway in 2007 (n = 12) and 2015 (n = 14) were first subject to MLVA. Twelve clinical L. monocytogenes isolates with matching MLVA profile and sampling time were selected from the strain collection at NIPH. Twenty-one isolates from the salmon processing plants and all clinical isolates (n = 12) were whole genome sequenced and compared using cgMLST and in silico detection of virulence genes. cgMLST revealed four pairs of environmental–human isolates with ≤10 allelic differences over 1708 genes, indicating that they may be assigned as clonal, with the implication that they are descended from the same recent ancestor. No relevant difference in carriage of virulence genes was found between environmental or human isolates. The present study shows that L. monocytogenes strains that genetically resemble contemporary isolates from human listeriosis circulate in Norwegian salmon slaughterhouses, and carry the same virulence genes.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/HYGIENE1010005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43925255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

SARS-CoV-2 Detection Rates from Surface Samples Do Not Implicate Public Surfaces as Relevant Sources for Transmission 表面样本的SARS-CoV-2检出率并不意味着公共表面是相关的传播源

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/HYGIENE1010003

G. Kampf, S. Pfaender, E. Goldman, E. Steinmann

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Detection Rates from Surface Samples Do Not Implicate Public Surfaces as Relevant Sources for Transmission","authors":"G. Kampf, S. Pfaender, E. Goldman, E. Steinmann","doi":"10.3390/HYGIENE1010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/HYGIENE1010003","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated surfaces have been discussed as a possible source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Under experimental conditions, SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious on surfaces for several days. However, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detection on surfaces in healthcare settings and the public is currently not known. A systematic literature review was performed. On surfaces around COVID-19 cases in healthcare settings (42 studies), the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection rates mostly were between 0% and 27% (Ct values mostly > 30). Detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only successful in one of seven studies in 9.2% of 76 samples. Most of the positive samples were obtained next to a patient with frequent sputum spitting during sampling. Eight studies were found with data from public surfaces and RNA detection rates between 0% and 22.1% (Ct values mostly > 30). Detection of infectious virus was not attempted. Similar results were found in samples from surfaces around confirmed COVID-19 cases in non-healthcare settings (7 studies) and from personal protective equipment (10 studies). Therefore, it seems plausible to assume that inanimate surfaces are not a relevant source for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In public settings, the associated risks of regular surface disinfection probably outweigh the expectable health benefits.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"1 1","pages":"24-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/HYGIENE1010003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

COVID-19 Vaccinated Individuals Can Be a Source of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission—A Systematic Review 新冠肺炎疫苗接种者可能是SARS-CoV-2传播的来源——系统综述

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/HYGIENE1010001

G. Kampf

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccinated Individuals Can Be a Source of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission—A Systematic Review","authors":"G. Kampf","doi":"10.3390/HYGIENE1010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/HYGIENE1010001","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental rights are probably given back earlier to COVID-19 vaccinated individuals assuming that they cannot spread SARS-CoV-2 anymore. The objective of the study was to determine if COVID-19 vaccinated individuals can still be the source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. PubMed was searched for studies on 4 April 2021. All studies with original data on COVID-19 cases among vaccinated individuals (phase III RCTs) and on viral load in the upper respiratory tract of vaccinated macaques after a SARS-CoV-2 challenge were included. Symptomatic COVID-19 cases were found in four trials among vaccinated participants although less frequently than among control subjects. One study revealed asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in a similar frequency among 2.168 AZD1222-vaccinated subjects (1.0%) compared to 2.223 control subjects (1.0%). In 15 studies with vaccinated macaques, it was found that the load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, subgenomic RNA and infectious virus in the upper respiratory tract is variable. Sterilizing immunity was found in none of the animal studies. Major limitations of the animal studies are that the SARS-CoV-2 challenge took place within a few weeks of the final or only vaccine dose, that the viral challenge was often high and, in some studies, administered by up to four routes. Based on current knowledge it seems clear that COVID-19 vaccinated individuals can still be the source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/HYGIENE1010001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46849476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hygienic Perspectives of Wood in Healthcare Buildings 木材在卫生保健建筑中的应用

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/HYGIENE1010002

Muhammad Tanveer Munir, H. Pailhoriès, F. Aviat, D. Lepelletier, P. Pape, L. Dubreil, M. Irle, J. Buchner, M. Eveillard, M. Federighi, C. Belloncle

引用次数: 4