Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献_第3页

Manual Friction with Ethyl Alcohol at 70% (w/v) to Disinfect Three-Way Stopcocks 70%（w/v）乙醇手动摩擦消毒三通旋塞

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020014

Gisele De Souza, R. M. Monteiro, Lucas Lazarini Bim, F. L. Bim, Tatiana Areas da Cruz, A. M. Ferreira, Paula Regina de Souza Hermann, D. de Andrade, E. Watanabe

{"title":"Manual Friction with Ethyl Alcohol at 70% (w/v) to Disinfect Three-Way Stopcocks","authors":"Gisele De Souza, R. M. Monteiro, Lucas Lazarini Bim, F. L. Bim, Tatiana Areas da Cruz, A. M. Ferreira, Paula Regina de Souza Hermann, D. de Andrade, E. Watanabe","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3020014","url":null,"abstract":"The disinfection procedures aim to reduce the microbial load, but there are doubts about the risks of contamination spreading into the lumens of devices, such as three-way stopcocks (3-WS). This study aimed at an in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial procedure of manual friction of 3-WS intentionally contaminated and to determine the solution dispersion into the lumens. Laboratory experiments were developed in two steps: evaluation of bacterial spread through intentional contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and alcohol dispersion into the 3-WS lumens. After manual friction of the 3-WS with saline solution at 0.85% (w/v) [control group], S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were isolated in the lumens of 55.6% and 27.8% of the devices, respectively. However, after the disinfection of the 3-WS with ethyl alcohol at 70% (w/v), there was no bacterial contamination in the lumens of the 3-WS. On the other hand, the solution dispersion (dye) into the lumens was evidenced by two different techniques: Durham tubes (5.6%) and swabs (46.3%). The manual friction of the 3-WS with ethyl alcohol at 70% demonstrated antibacterial efficacy, but it refers to reflections on the risk of solution diffusion into the venous network and the inherent clinical practice situations and patient safety.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47668722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Documenting COVID-19 for Posterity: A Review of the Types of Fitted Face Masks Worn in Albury (Australia) 为子孙后代记录COVID-19:对奥尔伯里(澳大利亚)佩戴的合身口罩类型的回顾

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020013

D. Spennemann

引用次数: 1

Bacterial Contamination of Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Healthcare Facilities in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review 高收入国家卫生保健设施中防腐剂、消毒剂和手卫生用品的细菌污染:范围综述

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020012

P. Lompo, Anne-Sophie Heroes, Esenam Agbobli, Vera Kühne, H. Tinto, D. Affolabi, J. Jacobs

{"title":"Bacterial Contamination of Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Healthcare Facilities in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review","authors":"P. Lompo, Anne-Sophie Heroes, Esenam Agbobli, Vera Kühne, H. Tinto, D. Affolabi, J. Jacobs","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3020012","url":null,"abstract":"This scoping review addresses bacterial contamination of antiseptics, low-level disinfectants, and hand hygiene products in healthcare settings in high-income countries. Over 70 years, 114 articles were found: 68 outbreaks, 13 pseudo-outbreaks and 33 cross-sectional surveys. Outbreaks affected median 29 (1–151) patients, extended for 26 (1–156) weeks and had a case fatality of 0.0% (0.0–60.0%). Most (72.8%) (pseudo-)outbreaks were caused by water-based chlorhexidine (CHG), quaternary ammonium compounds (QUAT) and the combination CHG–QUAT. Contaminating bacteria were nonfermentative Gram-negative rods (87.6% (pseudo-)outbreaks), mainly Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Achromobacter spp.) and Enterobacterales (29.6%, 24/81), mostly Serratia spp.). Risk factors were at the level of the bacteria (natural resistance to CHG and QUAT), containers (design and functioning, presence of cork and cotton, biofilm formation), preparation (nonsterile water, overdilution) and practices (too long expiry dates, inappropriate container reprocessing, topping up of containers and deviation from procedures). Transmission occurred through direct contact (antiseptics), contact with semicritical items (disinfectants) and were handborne (soaps). During recent decades, reports of soap contaminated with Enterobacterales emerged and nationwide outbreaks of intrinsically contaminated CHG occurred. Outstanding issues comprise intrinsic contamination, implementation of antiseptic stewardship, the role of unit doses and sterile products, transmission studies, biofilm control and understanding healthcare providers’ perceptions.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42129871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Treatment with Gaseous Ozone Significantly Reduced the Number of Bacteria in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Biofilm 气态臭氧处理显著减少产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌生物膜中的细菌数量

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020011

Bruno Kovač, A. Planinić, Matej Planinić, Kaća Piletić, I. Gobin

{"title":"Treatment with Gaseous Ozone Significantly Reduced the Number of Bacteria in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Biofilm","authors":"Bruno Kovač, A. Planinić, Matej Planinić, Kaća Piletić, I. Gobin","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3020011","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone is a triatomic allotropic modification of oxygen with very high oxidation potential and strong antimicrobial properties, and can be used as a disinfecting agent. The aim of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of gaseous ozone in reducing the number of bacteria and the total biomass of E. coli biofilm using different methods of quantification and detection. Biofilm of all tested clinical isolates and standard strain was grown on ceramic tiles with dimensions of 1.0 × 1.0 cm over 24 h. These plates were then treated with gaseous ozone for 1 h. After washing, CFU/cm2 was determined, ATP bioluminescence was measured with a luminometer, and the total biomass reduction was measured after crystal-violet staining. Gaseous ozone proved to be very effective in destroying the created bacterial biofilm on ceramic tiles. Treatment caused a reduction in total bacteria number of up to 2.00 log10CFU/cm2, followed by a reduction in total biomass of up to 61.40%. Inhibition rates varied from 35.80% to 99.41%, depending on the method of quantification used. All methods used in this study are effective in determining the anti-biofilm activity of gaseous ozone, but more research is needed.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46953791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bacterial Contamination of Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Hand Hygiene Products Used in Healthcare Settings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Systematic Review 低收入和中等收入国家卫生保健机构中使用的防腐剂、消毒剂和手卫生用品的细菌污染:一项系统综述

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020010

P. Lompo, Esenam Agbobli, Anne-Sophie Heroes, B. Van den Poel, Vera Kühne, Cyprien M. Gutemberg Kpossou, A. Zida, H. Tinto, D. Affolabi, J. Jacobs

{"title":"Bacterial Contamination of Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Hand Hygiene Products Used in Healthcare Settings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Systematic Review","authors":"P. Lompo, Esenam Agbobli, Anne-Sophie Heroes, B. Van den Poel, Vera Kühne, Cyprien M. Gutemberg Kpossou, A. Zida, H. Tinto, D. Affolabi, J. Jacobs","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3020010","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a systematic review of healthcare-associated outbreaks and cross-sectional surveys related to the contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products in healthcare settings in low- and middle-income countries (PROSPERO CRD42021266271). Risk of bias was assessed by selected items of the ORION and MICRO checklists. From 1977 onwards, 13 outbreaks and 25 cross-sectional surveys were found: 20 from Asia and 13 from Africa. Products most associated with outbreaks were water-based chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine-quaternary ammonium compound combinations (7/13), and liquid soap products (4/13). Enterobacterales (including multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens) and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods were found in 5 and 7 outbreaks and in 34.1% and 42.6% of 164 isolates, respectively, from cross-sectional surveys. Risk factors included preparation (place, utensils, or tap water high and incorrect dilutions), containers (reused, recycled, or inadequate reprocessing), and practices (topping-up or too long use). Potential biases were microbiological methods (neutralizers) and incomplete description of products’ identity, selection, and denominators. External validity was compromised by low representativeness for remote rural settings and low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Outstanding issues were water quality, biofilm control, field-adapted containers and reprocessing, in-country production, healthcare providers’ practices, and the role of bar soap. A list of “best practices” to mitigate product contamination was compiled.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Associations between HIV Status, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Increase in Use of Psychoactive Substances and Oral Ulcers among People Who Used Psychoactive Substances during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic 在第一波COVID-19大流行期间，艾滋病毒状况、SARS-CoV-2感染、精神活性物质使用增加和精神活性物质使用者口腔溃疡之间的关系

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020009

M. Foláyan, R. A. A. Zuñiga, J. Virtanen, O. Ezechi, Nourhan M. Aly, Joanne Lusher, A. Nguyen, M. El Tantawi

{"title":"Associations between HIV Status, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Increase in Use of Psychoactive Substances and Oral Ulcers among People Who Used Psychoactive Substances during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Foláyan, R. A. A. Zuñiga, J. Virtanen, O. Ezechi, Nourhan M. Aly, Joanne Lusher, A. Nguyen, M. El Tantawi","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3020009","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the associations between HIV status, SARS-CoV-2 infection, increase in use of psychoactive substances and oral ulcers among people who use psychoactive substances. This was a secondary analysis of the data of 1087 people who used psychoactive substances collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data extracted were confounding (age, sex, the highest level of education attained, employment status, emotional distress status), dependent (oral ulcers) and independent (SARS-CoV-2 infection, increase in alcohol consumption, smoking and use of other psychoactive substances, living with HIV) variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for the confounding variables. Participants who had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (AOR:10.37) and people living with HIV (AOR:1.91) had higher odds of reporting oral ulcers. The finding suggests that people who used psychoactive substances, had COVID-19 and lived with HIV were at increased risk for oral ulcers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased use of psychoactive substances was not associated with a significant increase in the risk for oral ulcers. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for these findings.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45633677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Access and Use in Nabilatuk District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study of Different Data Collection Methods 评估乌干达纳比拉图克地区的水、环境卫生和个人卫生的获取和使用:不同数据收集方法的横断面研究

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3020008

Josefine Tvede Colding-Jørgensen, Edridah M Muheki, Gilbert Baayenda, E. Harding-Esch

{"title":"Assessing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Access and Use in Nabilatuk District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study of Different Data Collection Methods","authors":"Josefine Tvede Colding-Jørgensen, Edridah M Muheki, Gilbert Baayenda, E. Harding-Esch","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3020008","url":null,"abstract":"Good access and appropriate use of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is important in the control, elimination and eradication of a number of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Poor WASH access and use may explain continued high trachoma prevalence in Nabilatuk district, Uganda. This study aimed to investigate the level of WASH access and use through different WASH data collection methods and the triangulation of their results. A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 households in Nabilatuk district, from 10 households in each of three nomadic villages. The data collection methods used were: (1) direct observations of routine WASH behaviours; (2) structured quantitative household questionnaires; (3) demonstrations of specific WASH behaviours. With regards to access, observations indicated less WASH access and use compared with questionnaire responses: the questionnaire indicated all households had access to an improved water source, but 70% had a >30-min round-trip, and no households had access to an improved latrine, whereas some observations indicated longer water collection times. In terms of behaviour, there were also differences between the data collection methods, with demonstrations revealing knowledge of good practice, such as thorough handwashing, but this was not routinely observed in the observations. Further systematic investigation of barriers to appropriate WASH access and use in the local context is needed, as is the development of feasible, valid and reliable WASH access and use assessment methods for use in national NTD programmes.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

People’s Need for Health Information and Communication: How Past Experiences Could Support Future Interventions 人们对健康信息和交流的需求:过去的经验如何支持未来的干预措施

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3010007

B. Pittau, F. Pettinau, A. Mastino

{"title":"People’s Need for Health Information and Communication: How Past Experiences Could Support Future Interventions","authors":"B. Pittau, F. Pettinau, A. Mastino","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3010007","url":null,"abstract":"People’s need for information and communication concerning health has emerged from many sources, even for important aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges of those who want to respond to this need are mainly related to which design characteristics could better support their aim. Thus, this article first examines a selected list of examples of different approaches of interventions targeted at citizens aimed at increasing health knowledge. Successively our recent experience regarding a new tool developed to support people’s health by promoting communication about citizens’ approach towards pharmaceuticals is discussed. In addition, here we propose that a similar methodological approach may be useful also to highlight people's critical issues and suggestions regarding health care system, i.e., factors that could play a pivotal role in a pandemic scenario. Our experience in the local context through an integrated strategy can be useful to address key factors concerning people’s approach to medicines, and approach to health care system even during a pandemic scenario. Overall these examples of past experience show how some approaches could support the understanding of suitable future, community-level, interventions to enhance information and communication about health and care.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Playing Golf: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study COVID-19大流行对高尔夫运动的感知影响:一项定性内容分析研究

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3010006

David Jungwirth, S. Gahbauer, D. Haluza

{"title":"Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Playing Golf: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study","authors":"David Jungwirth, S. Gahbauer, D. Haluza","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3010006","url":null,"abstract":"Golf is a very popular outdoor sport played worldwide by people from various socio-economic backgrounds. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns and quarantine restrictions led to closures of indoor and outdoor sport facilities and thus also affected the access to golf courses. This study aimed at elucidating perceptions of golfers regarding the impact of the crisis on their sport. We surveyed a sample of golfers in German-speaking countries (primarily Austria and Germany) from March to June 2021. A content analysis on golfers’ responses (n = 923) to an open-ended question on their feelings and engagement in alternative ways of physical activity in light of closed sport facilities was performed. More than 23% of the comments concerned negative feelings on how the pandemic impacted the surveyed golfers, especially due to reluctance to accept the closure of outdoor sports facilities. Almost all participants stated to perform alternative outdoor sports, mostly hiking, biking, walking, and running. In times of a pandemic, public spaces should be designed to allow for safe physical activity to maintain a mentally and physically fit population. In this context, policy makers should provide hygiene concepts that allow for minimal disturbance of sport routines, especially in regard to outdoor sports such as golf.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44190194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Presence and Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in the Danish Ready-to-Eat Food Production Environment 丹麦即食食品生产环境中单核细胞增多李斯特菌的存在和持久性

Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/hygiene3010004

N. Takeuchi-Storm, L. Hansen, N. Nielsen, J. K. Andersen

{"title":"Presence and Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in the Danish Ready-to-Eat Food Production Environment","authors":"N. Takeuchi-Storm, L. Hansen, N. Nielsen, J. K. Andersen","doi":"10.3390/hygiene3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene3010004","url":null,"abstract":"Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitously occurring foodborne bacterial pathogen known to contaminate foods during the production processes. To assess the presence and persistence of L. monocytogenes in Danish ready-to-eat (RTE) food production companies in response to a Listeria awareness campaign, the production environment of selected companies were sampled in 2016 and in 2020. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to characterize the isolates (n = 50, plus 35 isolates obtained from the routine surveillance during 2016–2020), including investigation of the presence of virulence, persistence and resistance genes. The number of companies that tested positive by culture was 17/39 (43.6%) in 2016 and 11/34 (32.4%) in 2020, indicating a limited effect of the campaign. WGS analyses of the 85 isolates showed that the most common sequence types (STs) were ST8 and ST121. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis showed that isolates coming from the same company and belonging to the same ST exhibited <10 SNP differences regardless of the sampling year and whether the samples came from the environment or products, indicating the persistence of the specific STs. Several prevalent STs were found in clinical cases concurrently, including genetically similar isolates. This highlights the issue of persistent L. monocytogenes in the food production environment and the need for improved risk communication and mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":92037,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48357070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2