Biochimie open最新文献

{"title":"Mobile phones electromagnetic radiation and NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase as a mitochondrial marker in asthenozoospermia","authors":"S.M.J. Mortazavi, S.A.R. Mortazavi, Maryam Paknahad","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35836152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and analysis of the porcine NURR1 gene","authors":"Knud Larsen ,&nbsp;Jamal Momeni ,&nbsp;Leila Farajzadeh ,&nbsp;Henrik Callesen ,&nbsp;Christian Bendixen","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Orphan receptor NURR1 (also termed NR4A2) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a regulatory factor of differentiation, migration, maturation and maintenance of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. NURR1 plays an important role in nigrostriatal dopamine neuron development and is therefore implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases linked to the dopamine system of the midbrain.</p><p>Here we report the isolation and characterization of porcine <em>NURR1</em> cDNA. The <em>NURR1</em> cDNA was RT-PCR cloned using NURR1-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from <em>in silico</em> sequences. The porcine <em>NURR1</em> cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 598 amino acids, displaying a very high similarity with bovine, human and mouse (99%) NURR1 protein. Expression analysis revealed a differential <em>NURR1</em> mRNA expression in various organs and tissues. <em>NURR1</em> transcripts could be detected as early as at 60 days of embryo development in different brain tissues. A significant increase in <em>NURR1</em> transcript in the cerebellum and a decrease in <em>NURR1</em> transcript in the basal ganglia was observed during embryo development. The porcine <em>NURR1</em> gene was mapped to chromosome 15. Two missense mutations were found in exon 3, the first coding exon of <em>NURR1</em>. Methylation analysis of the porcine <em>NURR1</em> gene body revealed a high methylation degree in brain tissue, whereas methylation of the promoter was very low. A decrease in DNA methylation in a discrete region of the <em>NURR1</em> promoter was observed in pig frontal cortex during pig embryo development. This observation correlated with an increase in <em>NURR1</em> transcripts. Therefore, methylation might be a determinant of <em>NURR1</em> expression at certain time points in embryo development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92082866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimethyl-Benz(a)anthracene: A mammary carcinogen and a neuroendocrine disruptor","authors":"Bernard Kerdelhué ,&nbsp;Claude Forest ,&nbsp;Xavier Coumoul","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potent carcinogens. Among these, dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is well known for its capacity to induce mammary carcinomas in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Ovariectomy suppresses the susceptibility of this model to DMBA, thus suggesting that the inducible action of the carcinogen depends on ovarian hormones. The promotion of DMBA-induced adenocarcinoma is accompanied by a series of neuroendocrine disruptions of both Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) and Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axes and of the secretion of melatonin during the latency period of 2 months that precedes the occurrence of the first mammary tumor. The present review analyses the various neuroendocrine disruptions that occur along the HPG and the HPA axes, and the marked inhibitory effect of the carcinogen on melatonin secretion. The possible relationships between the neuroendocrine disruptions, which essentially consist in an increased pre-ovulatory secretion of 17β-estradiol and prolactin, associated with a marked reduction of melatonin secretion, and the decrease in gene expression of the receptors for aryl-hydrocarbons receptor (AhR) and 17β-estradiol (ERα; ERβ) are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35836153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green tea polyphenols affect invasiveness of human gastric MKN-28 cells by inhibition of LPS or TNF-α induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/2","authors":"Rosaria Arcone ,&nbsp;Margherita Palma ,&nbsp;Valentina Pagliara ,&nbsp;Giulia Graziani ,&nbsp;Mariorosario Masullo ,&nbsp;Gerardo Nardone","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several studies demonstrated a correlation between green tea consumption and a reduced cancer risk. Among different components, green tea polyphenols have been identified as molecules responsible for the beneficial effects showed by the green tea against oxidative stress and cell invasiveness. In this study, we investigated the effects of green tea polyphenol extracts (GTPs) in human gastric MKN-28 cell line. To this aim, we have first evaluated the effect of GTPs on oxidative stress induced cell injury. The pre-treatment with 10⁻⁴ M catechin equivalents of GTPs exerts a protective effect on xanthine–xanthine oxidase induced cell cytotoxicity, thus confirming the anti-oxidant properties of GTPs. The effect of GTPs was also extended to the invasive ability of MKN-28 cells stimulated with TNF-α or LPS, as pro-inflammatory factors. Migration and matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that GTPs exposure (10⁻⁶ M) prevents the increase in cell invasiveness induced by TNF-α or LPS. Finally, we have analyzed the effect of GTPs on the levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-9/2, whose expression is up-regulated by TNF-α or LPS.</p><p>Our results indicated that the pre-treatment with GTPs was able to reduce MMP-9/2 expression at both protein and enzyme activity levels in the conditioned media of TNF-α or LPS stimulated MKN-28 cells.</p><p>In conclusion, our results demonstrated that green tea polyphenol extract reduces the invasiveness of gastric MKN-28 cancer cells through the reduction of TNF-α or LPS induced MMP-9/2 up-regulation. Therefore, these data support the hypothesis that GTPs could exert a protective role against the metastatic process in gastric cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35836154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of the MAPK pathway alone is insufficient to account for all of the cytotoxic effects of naringenin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells","authors":"Lauren Eanes,&nbsp;Yashomati M. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists such as tamoxifen (Tam) have been used successfully to treat ER+ breast cancers for more than 30 years. Unfortunately, long term use of Tam can result in resistance. Tam resistance is associated with the activation of growth factor signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and survival. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), is up-regulated in Tam resistant (Tam-R) cells. Previous studies have reported that the flavanone, naringenin (Nar) can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in ER+ breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Nar has been shown to inhibit the MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 cells. In this report we investigated whether inhibition of MAPK alone is mediating the effects of Nar on cell proliferation and viability. These studies will determine the mechanism of action of Nar. Tam-R MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with Nar or U0126, a MAPK kinase inhibitor. Our studies show that while both U0126 and Nar impaired cell proliferation and viability the combination of U0126 and Nar resulted in greater inhibition of cell viability than either compound alone. It has been previously reported that Nar can bind the ER. Our lab has also shown that Nar localizes ERα to a peri-nuclear region of the cell. Confocal microscopy revealed that in U0126 treated cells ERα displayed an even distribution across the cytoplasm as seen in untreated Tam-R cells. These studies suggest that MAPK is not the only target of Nar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35836155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated target validation of the splicing inhibitor Pladienolide B","authors":"Mustapha Aouida,&nbsp;Ayman Eid,&nbsp;Magdy M. Mahfouz","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CRISPR/Cas9 system confers molecular immunity in archeal and bacterial species against invading foreign nucleic acids. CRISPR/Cas9 system is used for genome engineering applications across diverse eukaryotic species. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering system for drug target validation in human cells. Pladienolide B is a natural macrolide with antitumor activities mediated through the inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing. To validate the spliceosomal target of Pladienolide B, we employed the CRSIPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutations in the subunits of the SF3B complex in the HEK293T cells. Our data reveal that targeted mutagenesis of the SF3b1 subunit exhibited higher levels of resistance to Pladienolide B. Therefore, our data validate the spliceosomal target of Pladienolide B and provide a proof of concept on using the CRISPR/Cas9 system for drug target identification and validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35836156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the activity of β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and Drosophila melanogaster in fixed and non-fixed Drosophila tissues","authors":"Mizuki Tomizawa ,&nbsp;Kohei Tsumaki ,&nbsp;Masaki Sone","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>β-Galactosidase encoded by the <em>Escherichia coli lacZ</em> gene, is widely used as a reporter molecule in molecular biology in a wide variety of animals. β-Galactosidase retains its enzymatic activity in cells or tissues even after fixation and can degrade X-Gal, a frequently used colormetric substrate, producing a blue color. Therefore, it can be used for the activity staining of fixed tissues. However, the enzymatic activity of the β-galactosidase that is ectopically expressed in the non-fixed tissues of animals has not been extensively studied. Here, we report the characterization of β-galactosidase activity in <em>Drosophila</em> tissues with and without fixation in various experimental conditions comparing the activity of two evolutionarily orthologous β-galactosidases derived from the <em>E</em>. <em>coli lacZ</em> and <em>Drosophila melanogaster DmelGal</em> genes. We performed quantitative analysis of the activity staining of larval imaginal discs and an <em>in vitro</em> assay using larval lysates. Our data showed that both <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> and <em>Drosophila</em> β-galactosidase can be used for cell-type-specific activity staining, but they have their own preferences in regard to conditions. <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> β-galactosidase showed a preference for neutral pH but not for acidic pH compared with <em>Drosophila</em> β-galactosidase. Our data suggested that both <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> and <em>Drosophila</em> β-galactosidase show enzymatic activity in the physiological conditions of living animals when they are ectopically expressed in a desired specific spatial and temporal pattern. This may enable their future application to studies of chemical biology using model animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92110985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Editors of Biochimie Open wish to thank the following scientists for kindly reviewing the articles submitted to the Journal from 9th November 2015 to 9th November 2016","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137343390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spinach O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase homologue, SoCSaseLP, suppresses cysteine biosynthesis catalysed by other enzyme isoforms","authors":"Miki Noda ,&nbsp;Mika Nakamura ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Takamiya ,&nbsp;Takashi Tamura ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Ito ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kodama","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An enzyme, <em>O</em>-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), also known as <em>O</em>-acetylserine sulfhydrylase or cysteine synthase (CSase), catalyses the incorporation of sulfide into <em>O</em>-acetylserine and produces cysteine. We previously identified a cDNA encoding an OASTL-like protein from <em>Spinacia oleracea</em>, (<em>SoCSaseLP</em>), but a recombinant SoCSaseLP produced in <em>Escherichia coli</em> did not show OASTL activity. The exon-intron structure of the <em>SoCSaseLP</em> gene shared conserved structures with other spinach OASTL genes. The SoCSaseLP and a <em>Beta vulgaris</em> homologue protein, KMT13462, comprise a unique clade in the phylogenetic tree of the OASTL family. Interestingly, when the <em>SoCSaseLP</em> gene was expressed in tobacco plants, total OASTL activity in tobacco leaves was reduced. This reduction in total OASTL activity was most likely caused by interference by SoCSaseLP with cytosolic OASTL. To investigate the possible interaction of SoCSaseLP with a spinach cytosolic OASTL isoform SoCSaseA, a pull-down assay was carried out. The recombinant glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase (GST)-SoCSaseLP fusion protein was expressed in <em>E. coli</em> together with the histidine-tagged SoCSaseA protein, and the protein extract was subjected to glutathione affinity chromatography. The histidine-tagged SoCSaseA was co-purified with the GST-SoCSaseLP fusion protein, indicating the binding of SoCSaseLP to SoCSaseA. Consistent with this interaction, the OASTL activity of the co-purified SoCSaseA was reduced compared with the activity of SoCSaseA that was purified on its own. These results strongly suggest that SoCSaseLP negatively regulates the activity of other cytosolic OASTL family members by direct interaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90016169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of endophytic sources of exopolysaccharides: Preliminary characterization of crude exopolysaccharide produced by submerged culture of Diaporthe sp. JF766998 under different cultivation time","authors":"Ravely Casarotti Orlandelli ,&nbsp;Ana Flora Dalberto Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;João Lúcio Azevedo ,&nbsp;Maria de Lourdes Corradi da Silva ,&nbsp;João Alencar Pamphile","doi":"10.1016/j.biopen.2016.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endophytic fungi have been described as producers of important bioactive compounds; however, they remain under-exploited as exopolysaccharides (EPS) sources. Therefore, this work reports on EPS production by submerged cultures of eight endophytes isolated from <em>Piper hispidum</em> Sw., belonging to genera <em>Diaporthe</em>, <em>Marasmius</em>, <em>Phlebia</em>, <em>Phoma</em>, <em>Phyllosticta</em> and <em>Schizophyllum</em>. After fermentation for 96 h, four endophytes secreted EPS: <em>Diaporthe</em> sp. <span>JF767000</span><svg><path></path></svg>, <em>Diaporthe</em> sp. <span>JF766998</span><svg><path></path></svg>, <em>Diaporthe</em> sp. <span>JF767007</span><svg><path></path></svg> and <em>Phoma herbarum</em> <span>JF766995</span><svg><path></path></svg>. The EPS from <em>Diaporthe</em> sp. <span>JF766998</span><svg><path></path></svg> differed statistically from the others, with a higher percentage of carbohydrate (91%) and lower amount of protein (8%). Subsequently, this fungus was grown under submerged culture for 72, 96 and 168 h (these EPS were designated EPS_D1-72, EPS_D1-96 and EPS_D1-168) and the differences in production, monosaccharide composition and apparent molecular were compared. The EPS yields in mg/100 mL of culture medium were: 3.0 ± 0.4 (EPS_D1-72), 15.4 ± 2.2 (EPS_D1-96) and 14.8 ± 1.8 (EPS_D1-168). The EPS_D1-72 had high protein content (28.5%) and only 71% of carbohydrate; while EPS_D1-96 and EPS_D1-168 were composed mainly of carbohydrate (≈95 and 100%, respectively), with low protein content (≈5%) detected at 96 h. Galactose was the main monosaccharide component (30%) of EPS_D1-168. Differently, EPS_D1-96 was rich in glucose (51%), with molecular weight of 46.6 kDa. It is an important feature for future investigations, because glucan-rich EPS are reported as effective antitumor agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92004,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.biopen.2016.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91683371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}