Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"The opinions of physiotherapy students on online anatomy education during Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Begümhan Turhan, Y. Yakut","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.776029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.776029","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore the physiotherapy students’ attitudes towards online anatomy education during Covid-19 pandemic and thus to evaluate the possibile alternatives to improve online anatomy education. Methods: Sixty-four out of 78 first term physiotheraphy students (82%) participated in the study. Students were asked to participate voluntarily in an online survey composed of a Likert’s scale questionnaire. Results: The allocated study time of the students for Anatomy course decreased during the pandemic when compared to the time before the pandemic (p=0.014). The statement which was marked as ‘Totally Agree’ at the highest rate (46.9%) was ‘The questions given within the scope of the theoretical exam were consistent with the course contents’. The students also decided that the questions given within the scope of the theoretical exam were qualified to evaluate their level of anatomy. The marking rate of ‘Totally Agree’ option for this statement was 42.2%. In addition, the students ‘Totally agree’ at a rate of 40.6% that they felt less stressed in the exams of this course when compared to the first semester. Conclusion: It is anticipated that interactive lectures would be more helpful to teach anatomy. Moreover, it seems that anatomy education in physiotherapy and rehabilitation departments may need revisions to improve online anatomy education.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79490400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in doublecortin expression in the dentate gyrus of the Wistar rat during development","authors":"Ö. Ç. Çilingir Kaya, S. Yıldız, N. Levent, E. Gürler, Ü. Şehirli, S. Şirvancı","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.058","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Neurogenesis is the formation process of functional neurons from progenitor cells which continues during lifetime. Alterations in neurogenesis is associated with neurodegenerative disorders (ND). Different mechanisms underlie the ND in males and females which may be related to neurogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the developmental process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of male and female rats at different ages and shed light on the effect of gender difference on ND. Methods: Brains were obtained from 7, 14, 21 days and 3-month-old male and female Wistar rats following intracardiac perfusion and processed for immunohistochemical and immunoflorescence staining. Doublecortin protein (DCX) was used as a marker of newly-born neuroblasts to determine neurogenesis. Results: DCX immunoreactive (-ir) cells were dispersed throughout the granular and subgranular layers of DG in 7-days-old group in both genders. However, in the 14 and 21 days old groups, DCX-ir cells were observed only in the subgranular zone in the sections labelled with both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoflourescent (IF) methods. In all age groups, female rats had a tendency to increase in DCX immunoreactivity when compared to that of male Wistar rats. Conclusion: DCX-ir cells may be localized in different parts of DG during development. The number of newly born neurons showed a tendency to increase in female rats in all groups. Further studies are needed to understand the reason for differences in the normal developmental neurogenesis process between two genders.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87465285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical perspective on the loss of smell and taste sensation in SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"D. Kilroy, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.049","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic that originated from the Wuhan region of China continues to cause major disruptions globally. Loss of smell and taste sensation is reported to be an early indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We provide here an anatomical perspective highlighting the anatomical regions, epithelial cell types and receptors categories involved in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into host organism to rationalize the early loss of smell and taste sensation observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. We believe the anatomical perspective on anatomical regions, epithelial cell types and receptors categories presented here will be helpful in developing functional anatomy based effective strategies for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus positive patients.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81818231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional architecture of the great toe muscles: functional implications in hallux valgus","authors":"Valera Castanov, Maxine D Vienneau, Takamitsu Arakawa, S. A. Hassan, A. Agur, Diane Tyczynski","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.779018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.779018","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Imbalance of great toe musculature has been identified as a factor in the development of hallux valgus. The musculoaponeurotic architecture, an important determinant of function, has not been investigated volumetrically in the great toe musculature. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct the abductor halluces (ABDH), adductor halluces (ADH), flexor hallucis brevis medial (FHBM) and lateral (FHBL) heads volumetrically and to quantify and compare their architectural parameters and functional characteristics. Methods: Ten formalin-embalmed specimens were dissected, digitized and modelled (Autodesk Maya®). Fiber bundle length (FBL) and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of the muscles were compared using descriptive and parametric statistics. Results: The spatial arrangement of aponeuroses (AP) / fiber bundles (FB) and architectural parameters varied throughout the volume of each muscle. The PCSA of the medial (ABDH/FHBM) and lateral (ADH/FHBL) musculature was similar; however, the medial musculature had significantly greater mean FBL. Conclusion: Each muscle had varying AP/FB arrangement. The similar PCSA of the medial and lateral musculature suggests that their relative force generating capabilities are balanced in asymptomatic individuals.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77290999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial effects of Covid-19 pandemic on graduate anatomy education in Turkey","authors":"Fulya Temizsoy Korkmaz, İ. Gürses","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.763479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.763479","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Meeting the growing need for quality anatomy researcher-educator is a difficult task. Graduate anatomy programs in Turkey that consist of Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Specialty in Medicine aim to achieve this goal. Unfortunately, the rapid spread of the Covid-19 pandemic either paused or halted higher education worldwide. This sectional study aims to outline the initial effects of the pandemic on graduate anatomy education in Turkey. Methods: An online survey was distributed among graduate students. The survey evaluated educational and research activities prior and during the pandemic, institutional adaptations, and future projections. Results: Answers of 51 female and 19 male students (response rate 36.6%) were included in the study. There were 10 MSc (14.3%), 45 PhD (64.3%), and 15 Residency (21.4%) students. Seminars, journal clubs, and case presentations completely ceased in Residency programs. Conversely, online lectures significantly decreased in MSc and PhD programs exclusively. Programs that used blended learning methods were viewed as more effective and better adapted to the pandemic. Students favored transferring lectures (94%), seminars (67%), journal clubs (67%), and case presentations (60%) to online resources. Conversely, they contradicted the online transfer of practice (30%) and dissection (7%) hours. Conclusion: Despite its low response rate, this sectional study summarizes the initial adaptation of graduate educational programs in Turkey to the Covid-19 pandemic. It also provides insight on future curriculum development. Further studies are needed to outline how much content of graduate programs might be delivered online effectively.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74215763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological changes in temporomandibular joint dysfunction and effectiveness of different treatment methods","authors":"F. Duman, A. Çiçekcibaşı, N. Atçı, F. Öztürk, Bircan Yücekaya, Esra Doğru Hüzmeli, I. Damlar","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.037","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) results in changes in anatomical structures. The aim of this study was to examine the morphological changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment methods in patients with TMD. Methods: 34 TMD patients (18–62 years of age) were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group A (n=18) was subjected to dry needling (DN) and mobilization for 10 sessions, Group B (n=16) was instructed to use occlusal splint with home exercises for one month. The control group included MRIs of 17 healthy adults that were randomly selected from the archives of Radiology Department of Mustafa Kemal University. The length and width of the masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles and the depth of the mandibular fossa were measured and mandibular condyle types were recorded. Range of motion of each temporomandibular joint was evaluated in pre- and post-treatment periods to test the effectiveness of the treatment methods. Results: The size of the masticatory muscles in TMD group was significantly smaller than the control group (p<0.05). The depth of the mandibular fossa was significantly shallower in the TMD group (p<0.05). The most commonly encountered condylar shape was convex in the TMD group (63.6%), but flat (58.8%) in the control group. No statistically significant relationship was observed between condyle type and fossa depth (p>0.05). However, the fossa depth showed a significant correlation with muscle size (p<0.05) and this correlation decreased with dysfunction. Dry needling and mobilization significantly decreased pain and increased mandibular movements (p<0.05); however, there was no significant change for Group B. Conclusion: The anatomical structures associated with the temporomandibular joint seems to be affected in patients with TMD. We suggest that the limited movement of the temporomandibular joint may cause atrophy of the masticatory muscles, affecting the range of motion of the joint. Dry needling and mobilization techniques might be a more effective alternative than occlusal splint in the treatment of TMD.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76373992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple variations of superficial and deep veins in the neck region of a cadaver: a case report","authors":"Nilgün Tuncel Çini, Nazan Güner Sak, Senem Turan Özdemir, İ. Arı","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.753013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.753013","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple variations on the right side of the neck of a 65-year-old male cadaver were observed during a routine dissection. The cadaver had no sign of facial trauma or previous surgery. The facial vein had a communicating branch with the internal jugular vein and distally drained into the jugulo-subclavian confluence via a common trunk with external jugular vein. Other superficial veins of the neck drained into the brachiocephalic vein separately. On the contrary, no anatomical variation was observed on the left side. Even if the variations of the head and neck are common, more than one variation in a single cadaver unilaterally is remarkable. We suggest that it is important for surgeons to examine the patients with ultrasound before any clinical interventions on the neck to determine the possible variations beforehand.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81463501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between buccal branches of the facial nerve, parotid duct, buccal fat pad and Zuker’s point","authors":"Özlem Elvan, Alev Bobuş Örs","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.035","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the buccal branches of the facial nerve with the parotid duct, the buccal fat pad and the Zuker’s point, and reveal the incidence of the neural communications of buccal branch with the zygomatic and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve. Methods: Fifteen formalin-fixed cadaveric heads (8 females and 7 males) with a mean age of 73.93±14.42 years were dissected bilaterally to reveal the buccal, zygomatic and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve, the parotid duct and the buccal fat pad. Positional relationships of these structures and the anatomical features of buccal and zygomatic branches were evaluated. Results: The mean number of buccal and zygomatic branches was 2.40±0.62 and 1.90±0.60 respectively. Buccal branches crossed the parotid duct in 67%, formed a plexus along the parotid duct in 27% and coursed superior or inferior to the parotid duct without crossing in 6% of the dissected specimens. The mean number of intersection points of buccal branches on parotid duct was 4.03±1.03. Parotid duct crossed along the superior border of buccal fat pad in 66%, deep to buccal fat pad in 27% and between the superior and inferior lobes of buccal fat pad in 7%. Buccal branches crossed superficial to buccal fat pad in 80% and some branches passed superficial and through the buccal fat pad in 20%. Conclusion: It is essential to know the positional interrelations of the buccal branches of the facial nerve with the parotid duct and buccal fat pad for clinical implications. The relation of Zuker’s point with zygomatic and buccal branches and with parotid duct should not be overlooked.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79715047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of the triticeal cartilage","authors":"R. Koca, Z. Fazlıoğulları, K. S. Keleşoğlu, M. Koplay, A. Karabulut","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.762981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.762981","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The triticeal cartilage can be misidentified as an atheromatous plaque in the common carotid artery in radiological images. It is very important to correctly define these two structures and distinguish from each other. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the shape, length, width and the anatomical position of the triticeal cartilage to prevent the interpretation of its presence as an atheromaous plaque or any other pathology located in the neck. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively on 200 CT images of adult patients (age≥20 years; 128 males, 72 females). The shape, size and localization of triticeal cartilage were examined and its prevalence was determined. Results: Triticeal cartilage was not present in 63 cases. It was present unilaterally in 42 cases and bilaterally in 95. The cartilage was located at the C4 level most frequently. The triticeal cartilage was identified under 7 types as circle, double circle, oval, hook, ring, triangle and rod. Circle type was the most common. There was a statistically significant difference for the presence of ring type cartilage between males and females (p<0.05). Although the mean cartilage length and width were higher in males than females, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The presence of the triticeal cartilage should be considered in the diagnosis of atheroma in carotid arteries. In order to distinguish the triticeal cartilage from other surrounding structures, the shape, level and size of the cartilage must be known.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73387849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the relationship between spatial abilities and anatomy learning","authors":"Mustafa Aydın, Mehmet Yılmaz, M. Şeker","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.769500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.769500","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the spatial abilities of medical school students and their learning in anatomy. Methods: The spatial abilities of the 120 students (74 females, 46 males) were examined using Mental Rotation Test (MRT). The relationship between the mental rotation scores and the mean scores of their practical and theoretical anatomy examinations was determined in terms of gender. Results: The study revealed that mental rotation skills of female participants were lower than males; however, there was no significant difference in their exam (theoretical and practical anatomy examinations) scores in terms of gender. The spatial ability of the students had a low level significant effect on their anatomy scores, regarding practical applications. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between students’ spatial ability and their success in practical anatomy examinations. This suggests that improving spatial ability skills may have a significant contribution to practical anatomy learning and may be considered as a part of anatomy education.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80636329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}