New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)最新文献

{"title":"Significant IOP reduction after combined phacoemulsification and micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)","authors":"U. Best, H. Domack","doi":"10.15761/nfo.1000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/nfo.1000231","url":null,"abstract":"In a controlled clinical trial, we investigated long-term results after trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation in routine cataract surgery in eyes with chronic open angle glaucoma. Combined phacoemulsification and trabecular micro-bypass implantation proved to be an effective and safe treatment method to reduce intraocular pressure, reducing the burden on local drug treatment. Implantation offers a good option for additional pressure reduction. Microsurgical procedures to reduce intraocular pressure, which are minimally traumatic and are performed ab interno and characterized by efficiency, a high safety profile and a rapid healing process, should be used more frequently. Since decades, trabeculectomy is the gold standard in glaucoma surgery. Recently trabecular stents bypass the compromised trabecular meshwork, creating a direct route from the anterior chamber into Schlemm’s canal and improving aqueous outflow. In a prospective randomized clinical study, we investigated the long-term results, safety and efficacy of trabecular micro-bypass stent implantations as part of a routine cataract surgery in eyes with mild to moderate chronic open-angle glaucoma. In combined surgeries, phaco PC-IOL plus trabecular micro bypass implantation, has shown reasonable efficacy in lowering IOP and the necessary IOP reducing medications. Our results showed a favorable benefit-to-risk profile. canal. Examples are the iStent and the iStent inject. Both stents are implanted while being guided by gonioscopy into Schlemm’s canal. This is located at the level of the pigmented trabecular meshwork at the border to the non-pigmented trabecular meshwork. Suprachoroidal stents, such as the CyPass Micro-Stent (currently removed from the market), conduct the aqueous humor into the suprachoroidal space. The CyPass Micro-Stent is implanted more deeply, far below Schlemm’s canal, into the supraciliary space. Stents for use in the subconjunctival space are, for example, the XEN gel implants, which are implanted far above Schlemm’s canal, directly below the Schwalbe line, into the non-pigmented trabecular meshwork. The operating principle of subconjunctival outflow is similar to a small trabeculectomy. iStent inject is a trabecular micro-bypass system with two preloaded implants made of heparin-coated, non-ferromagnetic titanium. The implants are very small. At 360 µm x 230 µm, they are the smallest medical devices used in humans. They have two ends; at one end, the inlet opening protrudes into the anterior chamber, while the other end opens out into the Schlemm’s canal in a pointed conical shape wifth four lateral outlet openings. The middle part of the stent","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemerin promotes the development of diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Mengyi Liu, Xiaoye Wang, Junhui Du","doi":"10.15761/nfo.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/nfo.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye disease that leads to blindness, and its development is related to inflammation, oxidative damage, and various pro-angiogenic cytokines. Studies in recent years have found that chemerin plays an important role in the development of DR. And the chemerin is also involved in the formation of retinal neovascularization. Therefore, in this article, we expound the relationship between chemerin and DR and its role in the formation of RNV.","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donor preparation in descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty","authors":"P. Maharana, Pranita Sahay, Deepali Singhal, N. Sharma, J. Titiyal","doi":"10.15761/nfo.1000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/nfo.1000227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-scan opthalmic Ultrasonography: a review corroborated with echograms","authors":"Uduma Felix Uduma, Akpan Sylvia Iquo-Abasi, Njeze Ngozi Rosemary","doi":"10.15761/nfo.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/nfo.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular surface degenerative diseases studies in an isolated region of Argentine Patagonia","authors":"M. Suárez, N. Crim, Leandro J. Correa, J. P. Maccio, E. Knoll, Maria del Carmen Piqueras, A. Lisker-Cervantes, S. Bhattacharya, H. Serra","doi":"10.15761/NFO.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/NFO.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Environmental proteinaceous corneal degeneration (EPCD), pinguecula and pterygium and any association among them, and to perform lipidomic studies in some samples of EPCD and pterygium. Materials and methods: It was a transversal/observational and analytical study; the sample was consecutive non-probabilistic. All patients examined resided all their lives in the department El Cuy (Río Negro). Corneal epithelium and conjunctiva tissue samples were taken to perform mass spectrometric lipidomic studies. Results: One hundred and fifty-nine patients were studied (52.83% male and 47.17% female). The prevalence of ophthalmoheliosis was: pinguecula 32.1%, EPCD 28.9%, and pterygium 13.2%. A statistically significant association was found between EPCD and male patients (21.4% vs 7.5%) (p <0.05). There was association between EPCD with pinguecula and with pterygium, both more frequent in males (p <0.05). Lipidomic studies in EPCD showed a decrease in the concentration of phospholipids in affected areas (15 times less). In pterygium, there was an increase in the concentration of phospholipids (6.67 times more). Conclusion: Our investigation shows important prevalence of EPCD, pinguecula and pterygium in individuals that live at El Cuy (Argentine Patagonia). As far as we know, this is the first work in the world that shows coexistences between these three ophthalmoheliosis. The decrease concentration of phospholipids in EPCD affected areas could be due to lipid peroxidation, as a consequence of oxidative stress. On the other hand, higher levels of PC and PS in pterygium samples could be explained by the increase in proliferation and angiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of multifocal central serous chorioretinopathy from a progestin-only contraceptive device","authors":"E. Shen, S. Tsao, B. Kuppermann, Stephanie Y Lu","doi":"10.15761/NFO.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/NFO.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To present a novel case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) diagnosed in a woman three weeks after implantation of Nexplanon, a progestin-only contraceptive device. Methods: Case report. Results and Discussion: A 35-year-old healthy woman presented with one-week duration of headache and photopsias in the right eye, three weeks after implantation of a progestin-only contraceptive device. Imaging demonstrated subretinal fluid in the right eye suggestive of central serous chorioretinopathy. Removal of the device was associated with a rapid restoration of visual acuity as well as resolution and sustained absence of CSCR on imaging.","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of anterior segment parameters in children with obesity","authors":"Semra Koca, Melikşah Keskin, M. S. Sarıcaoğlu, S. Koca, Ayten Kocaman Bulut, Z. Aycan","doi":"10.15761/NFO.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/NFO.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of suture less and glue-free conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery","authors":"Nganga Ngabou Charles Géraud Fredy, M. Chantal, Adiba Fene Samuel, Onka Vissimy, Messe Ambia Koulimaya Reinette, Diatewa Benedicte, Lebonzo Eurydice, Gombe Eyissa","doi":"10.15761/nfo.1000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/nfo.1000230","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the factors influencing the graft stability after a suture less and glue-free conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery. Patients and method: A prospective study, all patients underwent pterygium surgery with suture less glue less conjunctival autografting. The parameters studied were: Intraoperative, evaluation of graft stability at the end of the procedure. Postoperative, the graft position on day 1 after surgery. Results: Sixty-four grafts remained stable at the end of the intervention, i.e. 83.12% while 16.88% were unstable. In the postoperative follow-up, 79.22% of grafts were well-positioned including 76.62% of grafts flattened in place and 2.60% of grafts retracted. Grafts displacements were observed in 20.78% of cases including 11.69% of minor displacements and 9.09% of major displacements. One patient had an excessive bleeding, which stopped on day one postoperative. Unstable grafts (84.62%) developed secondary displacements compared to stable grafts (7.81%). The difference was statistically significant, P=002. Out of the 7 cases with major displacement, 5 cases had unstable grafts (6.49%), and 2 cases had stable grafts (2.59%). Conclusion: It is an effective and safe technique with good graft position and stability despite intraoperative surgical adjustments as formerly described in the literature. The absence of postoperative irritation and suture related complications makes it a useful method for graft fixation in pterygium surgery. However, still some improvements are needed for better graft stability. Introduction Conjunctival autografting is giving good results in pterygium surgery [1,2]. The most commonly used means of fixating conjunctival autografts is by sutures or fibrin glue [3,4]. More recently, the use of autologous blood has been reported to be advantageous in minimizing the risk of postoperative infection, irritation and a reducing in the cost of surgery. However, the absence of suture or biological glue poses problem of graft fixation. Indeed, this graft fixation is potentialized by fibrin glue at the junction of the conjunctival autograft and the conjunctival bed [5]. In a review of the literature conducted in India, major displacement rates ranged between 0 to 12% while Boucher in Canada noted a 20% rate of graft loss [6,7]. Several studies have shown that on the first postoperative day the graft is already firmly fixed [6,8]. Most graft loss occurs before this time. This study presents some technical aspects aimed at improving the graft stability on the first postoperative day. Patients and method Patients Our study was conducted as part of a decentralized surgical activity in a transportable hospital. The primary target was patients with cataracts, but pterygium also was operated on. Thus 77 eyes of 77 patients were operated from 09-07-2018 to 08-08-2018 Inclusion criteria *Correspondence to: Nganga Ngabou Charles Géraud Fredy, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Brazzaville, Bra","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67500230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TGF-β-target genes are differentially regulated in corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts.","authors":"Xiaoqing Guo,&nbsp;Audrey E K Hutcheon,&nbsp;Jennifer A Tran,&nbsp;James D Zieske","doi":"10.15761/NFO.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/NFO.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) activates the canonical Smad pathway, which includes the Smad family of proteins and SARA (Smad Anchor for Receptor Activation) and other less understood pathways, including one involving p38^MAPK. The goal of the current research was to determine if corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts used the classical or alternative TGF-β-signaling pathways. To examine this question, we made use of Trx-SARA, which inhibits native SARA, thus blocking the Smad pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-TJ), and stromal fibroblasts (HCF) were infected with retroviruses (RTV) containing either Trx-SARA or Trx-GA (a control plasmid). The effect of Trx-SARA on thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression in both cell types, p15^ink4b expression in HCE-TJ, and cellular fibronectin (cFN) expression in HCF was determined. In addition, the effect of p38^MAPK inhibitor on TSP-1 and p15^ink4b were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In HCE-TJ with TGF-β1, TSP-1-protein levels increased and peaked at 24 hours. Trx-SARA reduced TSP-1 expression in HCE-TJ, but had no effect on p15^ink4b. With HCF, Trx-SARA failed to reduce TSP-1 expression; however, cFN expression decreased and proliferation was inhibited. By blocking the p38^MAPK pathway, TSP-1 expression was reduced in HCF and p15^ink4b expression was decreased in HCE-TJ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surprisingly, TSP-1 was regulated through the Smad pathway in HCE-TJ and the p38^MAPK pathway in HCF. The p38^MAPK pathway also induced p15^ink4b in HCE-TJ. Our results indicate that not all TGF-β-target proteins require the Smad pathway, and it may be possible to block certain TGF-β-target proteins without blocking the expression of all the TGF-β-target proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5482276/pdf/nihms857243.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35120199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: a molecular link to regulate gene expression.","authors":"Priya Pradhan,&nbsp;Nisha Upadhyay,&nbsp;Archana Tiwari,&nbsp;Lalit P Singh","doi":"10.15761/NFO.1000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/NFO.1000145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensification in the frequency of diabetes and the associated vascular complications has been a root cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. One such vascular complication which has been the prominent cause of blindness; retinal vasculature, neuronal and glial abnormalities is diabetic retinopathy (DR), a chronic complicated outcome of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that \"genetic\" variations in population alone can't explain the development and progression of diabetes and its complications including DR. DR experiences engagement of foremost mediators of diabetes such as hyperglycemia, oxidant stress, and inflammatory factors that lead to the dysregulation of \"epigenetic\" mechanisms involving histone acetylation and histone and DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and expression of a complex set of stress-regulated and disease-associated genes. In addition, both elevated glucose concentration and insulin resistance leave a robust effect on epigenetic reprogramming of the endothelial cells too, since endothelium associated with the eye aids in maintaining the vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, several studies conducted on the disease suggest that the modifications of the epigenome might be the fundamental mechanism(s) for the proposed metabolic memory' resulting into prolonged gene expression for inflammation and cellular dysfunction even after attaining the glycemic control in diabetics. Henceforth, the present review focuses on the aspects of genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and aldose reductase considered being associated with DR. In addition, we discuss briefly the role of the thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP, which is strongly induced by high glucose and diabetes, in cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction potentially leading to chromatin remodeling and ocular complications of diabetes. The identification of disease-associated genes and their epigenetic regulations will lead to potential new drugs and gene therapies as well as personalized medicine to prevent or slow down the progression of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":91933,"journal":{"name":"New frontiers in ophthalmology (London)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5499690/pdf/nihms870019.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35156555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}