McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ最新文献_第9页

Optimisation of a Holographic Microscope for Microbial Study 微生物研究用全息显微镜的优化

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.117

B. Niraula, J. Nadeau

引用次数: 0

Promise of Mindfulness-Based Interventions as Therapies to Prevent Cognitive Decline 以正念为基础的干预有望成为预防认知衰退的疗法

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.123

Daniel M. Sapozhnikov

{"title":"Promise of Mindfulness-Based Interventions as Therapies to Prevent Cognitive Decline","authors":"Daniel M. Sapozhnikov","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v10i1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 5 million United States citizens. Many authors have proposed that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have the potential to effectively prevent AD-associated pathology and symptomology. However, the fact that both meditation and AD are complex processes that involve a great number of biological pathways has made these phenomena particularly challenging to dissect. This review advocates the use of gene expression to investigate the mechanisms by which MBIs combat AD pathology. \u0000Methods: Searches were performed using Thomson Reuters Web of Science. Ultimately, 85 journal articles were selected for their content as it pertains to the purpose of this review. \u0000Summary: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide reliable measures of cerebral gene expression. Profiling their gene expression has demonstrated that MBIs may produce gene expression changes in many of the same pathways (inflammation, cellular stress, proliferation, synaptic function) and often in the opposite direction of disease-related deregulation. While AD is marked by shortened telomeres resulting in genetic turmoil, meditation has been documented to exhibit a positive effect on telomere maintenance. A comprehensive gene expression investigation is invaluable to reveal relevant molecular mechanisms and provide the foundation for exploring the interaction between MBI and AD. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69323371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cadmium(II) Chalcogenides Stable across Wide Temperature Range 镉(II)硫族化合物在宽温度范围内稳定

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.115

Jacqueline Riddle, J. Bayne, I. Butler

{"title":"Cadmium(II) Chalcogenides Stable across Wide Temperature Range","authors":"Jacqueline Riddle, J. Bayne, I. Butler","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v10i1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: The three cadmium(II) chalcogenides CdX (X = S, Se, Te; Cadmium with either Sulphur, Se- lenium, or Tellurium), have important applications as artists’ pigments and in the electronics industry. The purpose of this study is to assess the structural stabilities of bulk, microcrystalline samples of the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides over a wide temperature range by examining the changes that occur in their Raman spectra. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: We recorded the Raman spectra of the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides from -196 °C to 500 °C on a commercial instrument equipped with a microscope and a variable-temperature stage. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: While the Raman spectra of all three cadmium(II) chalcogenides exhibited significant peak shifts and broadening with increasing temperature, these effects were completely reversible. There is no evidence of phase transitions, indicating structural stability. \u0000Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides are resistant to structural changes throughout the almost -700 °C temperature range investigated, thereby reinforcing their continued use in artwork and in the electronics industry. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69323244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earth Infrared Radiation Spectra During Global Warming Hiatus 全球变暖中断期间的地球红外辐射光谱

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.116

Jean-Franois Blanchette, Yi Huang

{"title":"Earth Infrared Radiation Spectra During Global Warming Hiatus","authors":"Jean-Franois Blanchette, Yi Huang","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v10i1.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Since 1997-98, observations of annual mean surface temperature have shown a slowdown of global temperature increases, suggesting a hiatus in global warming. Given this finding, we are interested in diagnosing trends in the Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) spectrum throughout the last decade. \u0000Methods: We calculated the trend in OLR measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite between 2003 and 2013, and compared these results with the trend in atmospheric and surface temperature and tropospheric absolute humidity, obtained from AIRS retrieval product and from the ECMWF (European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting) Re-Analysis (ERA) interim product. We also isolated the greenhouse effect from the OLR trend by subtracting the amount of surface radiation emitted from the total radiation received by the sounder. \u0000Results: The OLR trend is negative in the CO2 absorption band, negative in the window spectral region, and positive in the water vapor band. The trend in surface and tropospheric temperature is negative, as is the trend in tropospheric absolute humidity. The greenhouse effect is increasing in the CO2 band, generally slightly increasing in the window region, and decreasing in the H2O band. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Our results show that the CO2 forcing was still present globally through the last decade, with steadily increasing effects. Contributors to the negative trend in OLR in the window region are a small decrease in surface temperature and a strong decrease in tropospheric temperature, where tropospheric H2O emit radiation to space. The decreasing effect of water vapor in the H2O band is due to decreasing tropospheric humidity. This analysis will allow us to detect the changes in greenhouse gas forcing, to examine the correlated surface temperature response, and to study changes and effects in tropospheric water vapor concentration. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69323258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dementia With Lewy Bodies: An Overview 路易体痴呆:综述

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.122

Bridget Hovendon, Michelle Kaufman

{"title":"Dementia With Lewy Bodies: An Overview","authors":"Bridget Hovendon, Michelle Kaufman","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v10i1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that involves multiple cognitive deficits, including memory impairment. Dementia occurs in a variety of disease processes, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies, the two most prevalent neurocognitive diseases. This paper reviews the signs and symptoms, neuropathology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). \u0000Methods: Terms searched included “Lewy body dementia,” “Lewy body disease,” “cognitive disorders,” and “neurodegenerative diseases.” Priority was given to peer-reviewed sources published within the last five years. \u0000Summary: In addition to standard neurocognitive disorder symptoms, patients with DLB present clinically fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and Parkinsonism as well as a variety of other symptoms with lower diagnostic sensitivity. Clinical signs, cognitive assessments, and radiologic imaging are used to diagnose DLB as being distinct from disorders like AD, Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), delirium, and normal aging changes. Interventions for this disease may be pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Pharmacological treatments include cholinesterase inhibitors, Levadopa, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Non-pharmacological interventions include occupational therapy, cognitive stimulation, and physical activity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69323309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mutation of the Glc-2 Gene May Confer Dominant Ivermectin Resistance Glc-2基因突变可能导致显性伊维菌素耐药性

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.118

H. Su, J. Dent

{"title":"Mutation of the Glc-2 Gene May Confer Dominant Ivermectin Resistance","authors":"H. Su, J. Dent","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v10i1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Ivermectin is a widely used anti-parasitic drug that binds to and activates glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), giving it its nematocidal (nematode-killing) properties. Due to excessive use of ivermectin, frequent cases of resistance to this nematicide are being reported, suggesting that ivermectin is beginning to lose its efficacy. This project seeks to study whether a mutation of the glc-2 gene, which encodes for a β subunit of the GluCl channel, confers ivermectin resistance. We hypothesize that a glc-2 mutation achieves nematicide resistance by creating a defective GluCl channel that cannot bind to ivermectin. \u0000Methods: We used classical genetics to obtain the desired mutants from stock worms. We then tested the worms for resistance profile using ivermectin sensitivity assays. Finally, we examined in vivo interactions by expressing relevant RNA in a heterologous system and performed electrophysiological recordings. \u0000Results: We were able to demonstrate that presence of the defective glc-2 leads to increased resistance profiles when given the chance to associate with select GluClα subunits (e.g. AVR-15). We also demonstrated that co-injection of glc-2 and glc-3 compromises GluCl response to L-glutamate, a critical indicator of channel functionality. \u0000Conclusion: Our results lend strong support to our hypothesis that glc-2 is able to interact with certain α subunits of GluCl to confer ivermectin resistance. This finding provides a framework for future dominant ivermectin resistance studies. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69323266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preschool children without 7-repeat DRD4 gene more likely to develop disorganized attachment style. 没有7-重复DRD4基因的学龄前儿童更容易形成无组织依恋类型。

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v10i1.120

Justin Graffi, E. Moss, Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau, Gal Moss, V. Lecompte, Katherine Pascuzzo, Vanessa Babineau, Cathryn Gordon-Green, Viara R. Mileva‐Seitz, K. Minde, R. Sassi, N. Carrey, J. Kennedy, H. Gaudreau, R. Levitan, M. Meaney, A. Wazana

{"title":"Preschool children without 7-repeat DRD4 gene more likely to develop disorganized attachment style.","authors":"Justin Graffi, E. Moss, Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau, Gal Moss, V. Lecompte, Katherine Pascuzzo, Vanessa Babineau, Cathryn Gordon-Green, Viara R. Mileva‐Seitz, K. Minde, R. Sassi, N. Carrey, J. Kennedy, H. Gaudreau, R. Levitan, M. Meaney, A. Wazana","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v10i1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.120","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The current paper aimed to explore the effects of birth weight and the 7-repeat allele in Exon III of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene on the development of disorganized attachment, a potential endophenotype of depression. Infants born with low birth weight have been shown to be at higher risk for later neurological impairments, psychological disorders or behavioural problems. The DRD4 gene is critical for the cognitive and emotional processes that are sub-served by neural circuits in the prefrontal cortex. This paper examined the main effect of birth weight and DRD4 on the development of disorganized attachment. METHODS Data was used from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project. The sample consisted of 251 mother-child dyads with complete data. Attachment style was assessed using the modified separation-reunion procedure. RESULTS There was no main effect for birth weight on disorganized attachment, (b = -0.001, p = 0.998). There was, however, a main effect for the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism on disorganized attachment (b = -1.120, p = 0.004). LIMITATIONS Compared to studies of similar design, the sample size in this study was relatively small. Additionally, a significant number of subjects did not have complete data. CONCLUSIONS Children without the DRD4 7-repeat allele were more likely to have disorganized attachment than children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele. This indicates that the 7-repeate allele of the DRD4 gene may actually serve as a protective factor against disorganized attachment.","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88850088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Preschool children without 7-repeat DRD4 gene more likely to develop disorganized attachment style. 没有7-重复DRD4基因的学龄前儿童更容易形成无组织依恋类型。

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2015-03-01

Justin Graffi, Ellen Moss, Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau, Gal Moss, Vanessa Lecompte, Katherine Pascuzzo, Vanessa Babineau, Cathryn Gordon-Green, Viara R Mileva-Seitz, Klaus Minde, Roberto Sassi, Normand Carrey, James L Kennedy, Helene Gaudreau, Robert Levitan, Michael Meaney, Ashley Wazana

{"title":"Preschool children without 7-repeat DRD4 gene more likely to develop disorganized attachment style.","authors":"Justin Graffi, Ellen Moss, Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau, Gal Moss, Vanessa Lecompte, Katherine Pascuzzo, Vanessa Babineau, Cathryn Gordon-Green, Viara R Mileva-Seitz, Klaus Minde, Roberto Sassi, Normand Carrey, James L Kennedy, Helene Gaudreau, Robert Levitan, Michael Meaney, Ashley Wazana","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current paper aimed to explore the effects of birth weight and the 7-repeat allele in Exon III of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene on the development of disorganized attachment, a potential endophenotype of depression. Infants born with low birth weight have been shown to be at higher risk for later neurological impairments, psychological disorders or behavioural problems. The DRD4 gene is critical for the cognitive and emotional processes that are sub-served by neural circuits in the prefrontal cortex. This paper examined the main effect of birth weight and DRD4 on the development of disorganized attachment.Methods: Data was used from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project. The sample consisted of 251 mother-child dyads with complete data. Attachment style was assessed using the modified separation-reunion procedure.Results: There was no main effect for birth weight on disorganized attachment, (b = -0.001, p = 0.998). There was, however, a main effect for the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism on disorganized attachment (b = -1.120, p = 0.004).Limitations: Compared to studies of similar design, the sample size in this study was relatively small. Additionally, a significant number of subjects did not have complete data.Conclusions: Children without the DRD4 7-repeat allele were more likely to have disorganized attachment than children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele. This indicates that the 7-repeate allele of the DRD4 gene may actually serve as a protective factor against disorganized attachment.","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5447455/pdf/nihms6634.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35055150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Health and the Microbiota: Interactions Between Gut Microbes, Hygiene, and The Immune System 人类健康和微生物群:肠道微生物、卫生和免疫系统之间的相互作用

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2014-04-30 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v9i1.161

S. Fukada

{"title":"Human Health and the Microbiota: Interactions Between Gut Microbes, Hygiene, and The Immune System","authors":"S. Fukada","doi":"10.26443/msurj.v9i1.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v9i1.161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the past, much of the scientific research on microbes focused on mechanisms of infection and disease. This was not in vain, as we gained valuable knowledge about our immune system, as well as the ability to develop vaccines and antibiotics. However, the relationship between humans and microbes is complex. These species have been co-evolving since multicellular organisms evolved on Earth. \u0000Summary: Recently, it is beginning to be appreciated that the majority of relationships between humans and microbes are beneficial. From this follows an understanding that beneficial microbes are vital to the normal physiological development of our gut and immune system. This beneficial relationship between the human host and the multitude of microbial communities is well established. However, currently in the developed world epidemiological studies are showing dramatic increases in autoimmunity, allergies, and obesity. It is thus suggested that within westernized societies hygiene is altering the relationship between the gut and the human host in a way that makes humans susceptible to conditions not seen in less developed countries. This understanding advanced the “hygiene hypothesis,” and more recently the, “old friends hypothesis” and “disappearing microbiota hypothesis” as possible explanations for the observed epidemiological phenomena. What follows is a review of the relationship between gut microbes and the host’s immune system, with a focus on how hygiene (antibiotics, chlorination of water, etc.) is beginning to alter this relationship. This review concludes that a further understanding of how hygiene affects the relationship between humans and microbes will be crucial for developing effective therapies considerate of our microbial friends.","PeriodicalId":91927,"journal":{"name":"McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69325609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Cellular System to Identify Modulators of B-Raf Induced Senescence in Human Fibroblasts 鉴定B-Raf诱导的人成纤维细胞衰老的细胞系统的建立

McGill Science undergraduate research journal : MSURJ Pub Date : 2014-04-30 DOI: 10.26443/msurj.v9i1.159

Ran Shu

引用次数: 0