Disaster and military medicine最新文献

{"title":"Toward a US Army Pacific (USARPAC) rapid deployment medical component in support of Human Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) operations: challenges with \"Going in Light\".","authors":"Ralph J Johnson","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0025-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article reports the exploratory development and study efforts regarding the viability of a novel \"going-in light\" or \"Going Light\" medical component in support of US Army Pacific (USARPAC) Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) missions, namely, a BLU-MED^® incremental modular equipment package along with a Rapid Deployment Medical Team (RDMT). The study was conducted to uncover a way for the U.S. Army to: (1) better medically support the greater U.S. military Pacific Command, (2) prepare the Army for Pacific HA/DR contingencies, and (3) imprint a swift presence and positive contribution to Pacific HA/DR operations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The findings were derived from an intensive quasi-Military Decision Making Planning (MDMP) process, specifically, the Oracle Delphi. This process was used to: (1) review a needs assessment on the profile of disasters in general and the Pacific in particular and (2) critically examine the viability and issues surrounding a Pacific HA/DR medical response of going in light and incrementally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pacific area of operations contains 9 of 15 countries most at risk for disasters in the most disaster-prone region of the world. So, it is not a matter of whether a major, potentially large-scale lethal disaster will occur but rather when. Solid empirical research has shown that by every outcome measured Joint Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines) medical HA/DR operations have been inordinately successful and cost-effective when they employed U.S. Army medical assets inland near disasters' kinetic impact and combined sister services' logistical support and expertise. In this regard, USARPAC has the potential to go in light and successfully fill a vital HA/DR medical response gap with the RDMT and a BLU-MED^®. However, initially going in fast and light and expanding and contracting as the situation dictates comes with subsequent challenges as briefly described herein that must be addressed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The challenges to going in light are not insurmountable \"show stoppers.\" They can be identified and addressed through planning and preparation. Hopefully, the acquisition rapid response light components will equip commanders with more effective options with which to conduct Pacific HA/DR operations and be a focal point for effective joint operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0025-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for the best infantry boot.","authors":"Charles Milgrom,&nbsp;Alex Sorkin,&nbsp;Arnon Gam,&nbsp;Jonathan Singer,&nbsp;Itamar Nir,&nbsp;Boris Kogan,&nbsp;Aharon S Finestone","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0024-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0024-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The combat role of the twenty-first century infantry soldier has changed and accordingly their boots should evolve to meet these new needs and maximize soldier performance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate injuries and durability of the hot weather infantry boots (HWIB) in elite infantry training and assess the initial performance of newly designed Israeli infantry boots (NDIB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Phase 1, the durability of the HWIB during elite infantry training was evaluated at weeks 10, 19 and 64 in a cohort of 67 recruits. At each exam recruits removed their boots which were assessed for wear and integrity and photographed. The number of times recruits changed their boots was recorded. In Phase 2, foot injuries were assessed in a cohort of 73 elite infantry recruits wearing HWIB. In Phase 3, 65 infantry recruits were issued the NDIB. Recruits feet were measured for width and shoe size using the Brannock device and then followed for problems associated with their boots. Foot lesions were document by photographs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phase 1: The mean longevity of HWIB in training was 5.2 ± 0.2 (SE) months, (95 % CI 4.83-5.61). Phase 2: 38 % of the elite infantry recruits wearing HWIB had at least one complaint and 31 (42 %) were found to have boot related injuries in a total of 56 injured areas. Phase 3: The mean predicted boot size (42.8 ± 1.7) based on Brannock measurements, was less than the size of the NDIB actually worn, 43.1 ± 1.6. Only 34.8 % of the feet were width D (the standard shoe width). At 9 day follow up, 55 of the 65 recruits who wore NDIB reported at least one problem with them (85 %, p < 0.0001, compared to HWIB). By 3 weeks, all but five recruits had returned to wearing the HWIB. Of the recruits wearing NDIB, 47 (72 %) were found to have had at least one boot related injury with a total number of 180 injured foot areas (p = 0.0004, compared to HWIB).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HWIB was well tolerated by the elite infantry recruits and associated with significantly less foot injuries than the NDIB. The longevity of the HWIB in demanding elite infantry training was five months. <i>Trial registration</i>: NCT02810002 retrospectively registered June 22, 2016.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0024-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ebola Virus Disease: international perspective on enhanced health surveillance, disposition of the dead, and their effect on isolation and quarantine practices.","authors":"Preeti Emrick, Christine Gentry, Lauren Morowit","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0023-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40696-016-0023-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the comparatively few cases of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) that arose outside of Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia in 2014, public health response partners around the world developed a patchwork of plans and policies to monitor thousands of people exposed to EVD, quarantine suspected cases, isolate confirmed cases, and close borders to prevent further spread of the disease. Deeply affected countries such as Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia, as well as less affected countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia developed special guidance regarding isolation and quarantine measures for EVD. The massive and well-publicized EVD response highlighted international challenges of public health laws and policies, many of which remain largely unchanged since their implementation. This article examines public health measures, including health surveillance and decedent disposition, and their effects on isolation and quarantine practices in six countries (Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, United States, Canada, and Australia) in context of the 2014-2015 EVD response, and makes recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real time medical learning using the WhatsApp cellular network: a cross sectional study following the experience of a division's medical officers in the Israel Defense Forces.","authors":"Ofer Blumenfeld,&nbsp;Ronen Brand","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0022-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0022-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary care medical officers (MOs) are expected to maintain self-education while serving in their units in order to maintain professional standards. With the rise of smartphone use in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), the WhatsApp application can facilitate medical learning. To date, there has been no description of the use of this tool by MOs in a military setting. This paper aims to describe the pattern of use of a WhatsApp application group by IDF's MOs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected all the information (textual and visual) uploaded to a WhatsApp group called \"The Division's Physicians\", originally established two years earlier, during a randomly selected sample month. We analyzed the pattern of its use and explored the association between the number of questions and responses uploaded to the group and the duration of service of their senders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In December 2014, the \"The Division's Physicians\" WhatsApp group had 41 participants. We identified 478 messages classified as questions and 531 messages classified as responses. The number of questions asked by MOs in their first 2 months of service in the battalion (median = 14.5) and the number of questions asked by MOs with more than one year of their first assignment (median = 10.5) were significantly higher than the number of questions (median = 1.0) asked by MOs in their second assignment or later (<i>p</i> values for comparisons were 0.008 and 0.012 respectively). We also found that both the number of responses provided by MOs with more than one year of service in the battalion (median = 21) and the number of responses provided by MOs in their second assignment or later (median = 5) were significantly higher than the number of responses (median = 1) provided by MOs within their first 2 months of service in the battalion (<i>p</i> value for comparisons were 0.024 and 0.039 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude from our preliminary study that a WhatsApp group can facilitate the transfer of knowledge from more experienced MOs to those with less experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0022-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol fails to provide prophylactic protection in a rat model of organophosphate poisoning.","authors":"Yossi Rosman,&nbsp;Shaul Ravfogel,&nbsp;Arthur Shiyovich,&nbsp;Shai Shrot,&nbsp;Nadav Milk,&nbsp;Nimrod Ophir,&nbsp;Michael Aviram,&nbsp;Ishai Nir,&nbsp;Michael Kassirer,&nbsp;Arik Eisenkraft","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0021-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0021-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paraoxonase-1, an organophosphorous-hydrolyzing enzyme, was shown to provide protection against organophosphates poisoning in vivo. In vitro findings suggest that the phytoalexin resveratrol can elevate paraoxonase-1 levels and thus may provide protection against organophosphate poisoning. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prolonged resveratrol intake on paraoxonase-1 levels in rats, and its role as a potential prophylactic treatment in organophosphate poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>30 adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: rats receiving no resveratrol (Control group, n = 10), rats treated once daily with oral gavage of ethanol only (Sham group, n = 6), and rats treated once daily with oral gavage of resveratrol (50 mg/kg) (Study group, n = 14). Following 2 weeks of feeding, all rats were exposed to 1.4LD50 paraoxon (450 mg/kg, intramuscular; 0.5 ml/kg) and monitored for severity of clinical signs and mortality. Paraoxonase-1 activity level was recorded in the beginning of the study and 2 weeks later, just before exposure to paraoxon.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significant decrease in paraoxonase-1 activity levels in all groups compared to baseline levels (p = 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the study group and the controls (p = 0.7). Following exposure to paraoxon, all animals suffered from severe convulsions and died within minutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following resveratrol intake in rats, paraoxonase-1 activity levels decreased. We found no beneficial effects in using resveratrol as a prophylactic medical countermeasure.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0021-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early psychological intervention following the 2014 Nepal snowstorm.","authors":"Idit Oz,&nbsp;Lucian Tatsa-Laur,&nbsp;Yitshak Kreiss,&nbsp;Eyal Fructer,&nbsp;Avraham Itzhak,&nbsp;Orly Sarid","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0020-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0020-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The following is a case study of the blizzard of October 2014, an Israeli rescue team, the Special Mental Health Team (SMHT) of the Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, was sent to the disaster area to rescue Israeli trekkers. The SMHT intervention was provided immediately following the traumatic events with the purpose of lowering stress-related symptoms, shortening recovery time and reducing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms that could occur in the future. Forty Israeli trekkers were assessed by SMHT: 75 % (n = 30) had mild acute stress reaction (ASR) symptoms and 25 % (n = 10) had severe acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms. All participating trekkers receiving the intervention as a way to alleviate symptoms reported no symptoms of ASR and ASD following the intervention. Trekkers with mild ASR reported full recovery after 1 week and trekkers with ASD reported full recovery after 3 months. This case study describes the psychological intervention conducted by SMHT for the surviving trekkers following the blizzard and aims to extend the knowledge base of mental health intervention at the early phases of disaster. A research study should be conducted to develop a measurement tool capable of evaluating the effect of a short-term intervention conducted in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0020-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: review of the current situation in the world.","authors":"Michael Shapiro, Beny London, Daniel Nigri, Alon Shoss, Eyal Zilber, Itay Fogel","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0019-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40696-016-0019-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the current epidemiology and clinical presentation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and describes the preparedness plan of several countries. The MERS-CoV was first reported in 2012 and has since infected more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, mostly in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. The epidemiology of the infection is compatible with multiple introductions of the virus into humans from an animal reservoir, probably dromedary camels. The clinical presentation ranges from no symptoms to severe pneumonitis and respiratory failure. Most confirmed cases so far were part of MERS-CoV clusters in hospital settings, affecting mainly middle-aged men and patients with a chronic disease or immuno-suppressed status. There is no vaccine or anti-viral medication available. Viral epidemics can occur anywhere in today's \"global village\". MERS-CoV is a relatively new virus, and this work is intended to add to the still-sparse data on its epidemiology, modes of transmission, natural history, and clinical features as well as to describe the preparedness plan for MERS-CoV infection in several countries. Effective national and international preparedness plans are essential to predict and control outbreaks, improve patient management, and ensure global health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lassa fever: another threat from West Africa.","authors":"Tal Brosh-Nissimov","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0018-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0018-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lassa fever, a zoonotic viral infection, is endemic in West Africa. The disease causes annual wide spread morbidity and mortality in Africa, and can be imported by travelers. Possible importation of Lassa fever and the potential for the use of Lassa virus as an agent of bioterrorism mandate clinicians in Israel and other countries to be vigilant and familiar with the basic characteristics of this disease. The article reviews the basis of this infection and the clinical management of patients with Lassa fever. Special emphasis is given to antiviral treatment and infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0018-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxins as biological weapons for terror-characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review.","authors":"Tamar Berger,&nbsp;Arik Eisenkraft,&nbsp;Erez Bar-Haim,&nbsp;Michael Kassirer,&nbsp;Adi Avniel Aran,&nbsp;Itay Fogel","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. Some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. Currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warfare agents. This review focuses on category A and B bio-terror toxins recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulinum neurotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, and ricin. Their derivation, pathogenesis, mechanism of action, associated clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed in detail. Given their expected covert use, the primary diagnostic challenge in toxin exposure is the early detection of morbidity clusters, apart from background morbidity, after a relatively short incubation period. For this reason, it is important that clinicians be familiar with the clinical manifestations of toxins and the appropriate methods of management and countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of cognitive control in cadet pilots.","authors":"Shirley Gordon,&nbsp;Nir Getter,&nbsp;Idit Oz,&nbsp;Dror Garbi,&nbsp;Doron Todder","doi":"10.1186/s40696-016-0016-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0016-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimizing performance of aviators while minimizing risks arising from the exposure to extreme environment, both external and internal, is one of the principles guiding the Israeli Air Force. Young cadets in particular are considered an \"at risk\" population due to the fact that they have no experience in flight in the first stages of training and are therefore subjects for investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the cognitive performance of young cadet pilots across different hours of the day. 39 cadets were randomly divided into 3 groups: morning, late afternoon, and late evening groups and then tested on a cognitive battery that contained both simple performance measures but also complex measures like dual-tasking and mental rotation test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis indicated a significant effect of 'time of day' on the participants' accuracy [<i>F</i> (2, 32) = 3.4, <i>p</i> < 0.05]. In a post hoc pairwise t-tests, we found a near significant (<i>p</i> = 0.52) increase in participants' accuracy and a significant increase [<i>F</i> (2, 32) = 4.5, <i>p</i> < 0.05] in participants' reaction time in the late evening group as compared to the morning group. We also found a differential effect of dual tasking on accuracy in the different daytimes [<i>F</i> (2, 33) = 5.6, <i>p</i> < 0.01]. In a post hoc analysis, we found that accuracy in the 1-back task deteriorates from single task condition to the dual task condition only in the morning group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but not in the late evening or late-afternoon group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This 'trade-off' behavior, slowing down in order to perform better, in the late evening group may be a result of a voluntary control mechanism (top-down processes) activated at night, in this group. The combination of feeling fatigue, along with the understanding that complex tasks are more resource consuming, caused the cadets to check and double-check before answering, whereas in the morning group, they felt alert and vital, and acted more reactively, ended in an impulsive manner that caused to inaccurate performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":91863,"journal":{"name":"Disaster and military medicine","volume":"2 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40696-016-0016-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34787859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}