Behavioral development bulletin最新文献_第4页

Four Forces That Prevent Change in Organizations: How to Become an Innovative Organization 阻止组织变革的四种力量:如何成为一个创新型组织

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000073

M. Commons

{"title":"Four Forces That Prevent Change in Organizations: How to Become an Innovative Organization","authors":"M. Commons","doi":"10.1037/bdb0000073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000073","url":null,"abstract":"Large, top-down organizations tend to be bureaucratic, less innovative, and more resistant to change. The following 4 forces prevent such an organization from changing: (a) behavioral momentum, which is the tendency for behaviors to continue unchanged rather than evolve with the dynamic world; (b) regression to the mean, which refers to the phenomenon that ensures that even if an organization overcomes behavioral momentum and adopts change, the windfall gains of the change are always at risk of being lost; (c) inadequate behavioral developmental stage of addressing issues; and (d) interaction among the first 3 variables. These forces may happen by mass adoption from large competing organizations. Furthermore, in such organizations, the chain of command extends from top to bottom, which implies a greater superiority and domination of higher levels over multiple lower ones. However, in a rapidly changing business world, these characteristics are a death knell to business success and sustenance. Adopting a highly autonomous 2- to 3-layer flat management structure, on the other hand, fosters creativity and innovation. Companies then can rely on a broad base of leaders and employees who feel ownership for the overall success of the organization and innovation can occur in small units that have autonomy and power over their own culture.","PeriodicalId":91847,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral development bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79464043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Analyzing Roles and Leadership in Organizations From Cognitive Complexity and Meaning-Making Perspectives 从认知复杂性和意义生成的角度分析组织中的角色和领导

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-10-23 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000067

O. Törnblom, Kristian Stålne, S. Kjellström

{"title":"Analyzing Roles and Leadership in Organizations From Cognitive Complexity and Meaning-Making Perspectives","authors":"O. Törnblom, Kristian Stålne, S. Kjellström","doi":"10.1037/bdb0000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000067","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations can be seen as social systems with hierarchical structures and roles at different levels of complexity with correspondingly different complexity of tasks. This article applies the perspectives of two theories from the field of adult development, namely, the model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) and ego development theory (EDT) to analyze stratified systems theory (SST). Although the theories are not regarded as strictly comparable and commensurable on account of differences in basic assumptions and methods of the theories, the analysis leads to the conclusion that descriptions of role complexity and individual capabilities in SST, to some extent, correspond to descriptions of developmental levels according to the MHC and EDT. Both comparisons support the notion that task and leadership complexity increases with organizational level, and thereby demonstrates support for the existence of qualitatively different levels of leadership. However, based on the methodological choices of the study, it is beyond the scope of the article to validate the key concepts, constructs in SST, as well as provide support or nonsupport for the proposed value of application in practice. Furthermore, we point out the lack of a more thorough analysis and comparison between the theories built on rich empirical material. Nevertheless, we conclude that the MHC, EDT and SST are fruitful lenses that can further the understanding of organizations as social systems with hierarchical structures.","PeriodicalId":91847,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral development bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84336762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Understanding and Promoting Self-Direction in Freshman and Master’s Students: A Qualitative Approach 理解和促进大一、硕士生的自我导向:一种定性的方法

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000024

Gloria Nogueiras, Alejandro Iborra

引用次数: 10

Developmental Disparities in Differing Levels of Conceptions of the Beautiful and Implications on Marriage as a Fundamental Organizational Unit 不同层次的美观念的发展差异及其对作为基本组织单位的婚姻的启示

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000060

Albert Erdynast

{"title":"Developmental Disparities in Differing Levels of Conceptions of the Beautiful and Implications on Marriage as a Fundamental Organizational Unit","authors":"Albert Erdynast","doi":"10.1037/bdb0000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000060","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the empirical results of a study with 70 adult respondents concerning whether Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d′ Avignon (1907) and The Bull Series (1945–1946) are beautiful or not. The correlation between responses to these 2 complex Cubist art works is .97, p = .01. Disparities between subjects’ conceptions of what the works of art are about in contrast to what Picasso depicted are characterized by 2 structural-developmental levels. This study extends some of the findings of conceptions of the beautiful (Erdynast & Chen, 2014). The hypothesis that a higher chronological age cannot be equated with a higher exhibited developmental level of conception of the beautiful and that some older age subjects exhibited lower-level responses than some younger age subjects was supported. Content choice changes concerning the 2 artworks were always unidirectional, from “not beautiful to beautiful” or from “undecided” to “beautiful;” never in the opposite direction. Developmental disparities of conceptions of the beautiful are illustrated in the late period of the marriage and divorce of the Nobel Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter and actress Vivien Merchant. Their structural-developmental conceptual analyses of aesthetic (and political and human rights) issues were so disparate that Harold Pinter could not effectively communicate about his conceptions as a playwright and social critic. Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d′ Avignon and The Bull Series illustrate general principles of design and command of line: composition and balance, movement, dynamic tensions, interplay between abstraction and realism, rhythms of form and planes, distinctness of style and craft.","PeriodicalId":91847,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral development bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45962314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decentralized Autonomy and Company Culture Integration: Individual and Organizational Development Incentives and Potentials Contextualized 分权自治与企业文化整合:个人与组织发展激励与潜力语境化

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000035

T. Hagström, T. Backström

{"title":"Decentralized Autonomy and Company Culture Integration: Individual and Organizational Development Incentives and Potentials Contextualized","authors":"T. Hagström, T. Backström","doi":"10.1037/bdb0000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000035","url":null,"abstract":"Decentralization is 1 way of mastering flexibility demands in postindustrial societies, increasing the need for employees’ autonomous work performance. Company cultures have been applied to integrate employees in organizational goals and visions. The aim of the article is to elucidate how a combination of decentralized autonomy and company culture integration is related to employees’ and organizational stage development. The overriding question concerns conditions hampering or promoting such processes. A competitive bank with this type of organization (emphasizing, e.g., local decision making, profit sharing, and employees’ developmental capability) was investigated in 2004–2010 in a multimethodological cross sectional case study. Reported results have focused on only separate aspects of the case. These results concern (a) a generally positive attitude to the company culture, (b) a frequent prevalence of expert adult developmental stage, and (c) work group interactions that mainly reproduce and reinforce company culture integration. Taken together and interpreted in an abductively further developed theoretical frame, the organizational learning and competitive advantages of the studied case are recognized. However, its stage transformative potential is problematized in terms of lacking alternative perspectives that appear to hamper using a potential space of action and development provided by decentralization.","PeriodicalId":91847,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral development bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43345126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Increasing Social Integration for College Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. 提高自闭症谱系障碍大学生的社会融合。

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-04-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-23 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000057

Kristen Ashbaugh, Robert Koegel, Lynn Koegel

{"title":"Increasing Social Integration for College Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Kristen Ashbaugh, Robert Koegel, Lynn Koegel","doi":"10.1037/bdb0000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing numbers of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are entering postsecondary education; however, many report feeling lonely and isolated. These difficulties with socialization have been found to impact students' academic success, involvement within the university, and overall well being. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess, within the context of a multiple-baseline across participants design, whether a structured social planning intervention would increase social integration for college students with ASD. The intervention consisted of weekly meetings to plan social activities around the student with ASD's interests, improve organizational skills, and target specific social skills. Additionally, each participant had a peer mentor for support during the social activities. The results showed that following intervention all participants increased their number of community-based social events, extracurricular activities, and peer interactions. Furthermore, participants improved in their academic performance and satisfaction with their college experience. Results are discussed in regards to developing specialized programs to assist college students with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":91847,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral development bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476317/pdf/nihms-831809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35111801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

Establishing the Transformation of Motivating Operations Across Mands and Tacts for Preschoolers With Developmental Delays 建立学龄前发育迟缓儿童跨动作、跨动作的激励操作转换

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000045

Jessica Singer-Dudek, H. Park, G. Lee, C. Lo

引用次数: 7

Relational Responding: Testing, Training, and Sequencing Effects Among Children With Autism and Typically Developing Children 关系反应:测试、训练和排序对自闭症儿童和典型发育儿童的影响

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000041

G. Kent, Edel Galvin, Yvonne Barnes-Holmes, Carol Murphy, D. Barnes-Holmes

引用次数: 10

Establishment of Naming in Children With Autism Through Multiple Response-Exemplar Training 通过多重反应-范例训练建立自闭症儿童的命名

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000044

Heidi Skorge Olaff, Hanne Nordvik Ona, P. Holth

{"title":"Establishment of Naming in Children With Autism Through Multiple Response-Exemplar Training","authors":"Heidi Skorge Olaff, Hanne Nordvik Ona, P. Holth","doi":"10.1037/bdb0000044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000044","url":null,"abstract":"In behavior analysis, naming is defined as an integration of speaker and listener behavior. After exposure to a tact, appropriate listener behavior can occur, and vice versa, without direct training. When a child is able to learn new word-object relations from observations of others’ tacts both as speaker and listener, full naming has emerged. Naming consists of echoic, pure tact, impure tact, and listener responses. However, children with autism often fail to acquire the naming capability. The present study replicated the results of previous experiments that have emphasized the role of a multiple exemplar training that involves a rotation of the antecedents for the different response types that constitute naming. Further, the present study extended previous research by requiring the participants to echo the teacher’s tacts of the sample stimulus during matching-to-sample training, before naming probes. Consistent with the notion that a rotation of training trials across point to, pure tact, and impure tact responses produces naming skills in children with autism, the results showed improved tacting and listener behavior following such training.","PeriodicalId":91847,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral development bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47451689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Effects of Social Reinforcement on the Emission of Tacts by Preschoolers 社会强化对学龄前儿童行为释放的影响

Behavioral development bulletin Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000043

C. Eby, R. D. Greer

引用次数: 18