Hassan Sabourimoghadam, M. Nazari, Ali Jahan, Saied Sabaghypour
{"title":"Emotional Valence and Body Representation: An Experiment on Embodied Cognition","authors":"Hassan Sabourimoghadam, M. Nazari, Ali Jahan, Saied Sabaghypour","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In line with Lakoff’s theory of embodied cognition, several studies in the field of emotional processing have demonstrated that positive and negative valence is represented based on spatial and bodily characteristics.\u0000Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the implicit link between body parts and the emotional valence of Persian words.\u0000Materials and Methods: The participants included 33 right-handed undergraduate students in the field of psychology who were selected via the convenience sampling method. A priming task with emotional negative and positive words (prime) was used, and the participants had to recognize the leftness or rightness of hand stimuli (target). Reaction times were recorded for target stimuli. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using repeated-measures ANOVA.\u0000Results: The obtained results pointed to the implicit association of positive and negative words with bodily features (right hand and left hand).\u0000Conclusion: The findings of the current study are finally discussed within theories of embodied cognition, as well as hemispheric and language processing, for emotional stimuli.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antidepressant-like Effects of Intra-cerebroventricular Microinjection of Kaempferol in Male Rats: Involvement of 5-HT2 Receptors","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.104","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Kaempferol (KM) is a flavonoid found in plant-derived foods and medicinal plants. Recently, it has been well established that KM plays a protective role against the development of Alzheimer's disease. This study evaluated the effect of intracerebroventricular microinjection of KM on depression and identified the potentially related serotonergic mechanisms in rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: Male rats were assigned to control, vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide), KM, fluoxetine, cyproheptadine, KM (20 mg/rat) + cyproheptadine (1 mg/rat), and KM (20 mg/rat) + cyproheptadine (4 mg/rat) groups. All the groups received their respective treatments for 30 days. Depression was evaluated by both forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), as a neurochemical parameter, was also evaluated in the liver and brain of animals.\u0000Results: Treatment with KM significantly decreased immobility time in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests, compared to the vehicle. In the forced swimming test, remarkable effects in immobility time were induced by KM + cyproheptadine after a single dose during weeks 2, 3, and 4 of treatment, compared to the cyproheptadine group. In the tail suspension test, both fluoxetine and KM indicated remarkable effects in the immobility time during weeks 3 and 4. In addition, in both the brain and liver, MAO-A activity was decreased after treatment with KM.\u0000Conclusions: These results indicated the antidepressant-like effects of KM through the involvement of 5HT2 receptors in male rats.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Suryanamaskar Training on Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Cognitive Functions among Medical Students","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.100","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: A great deal of stress is experienced by medical students, causing the medical community to pay attention to yoga practices. Suryanamaskar is a yoga practice composed of dynamic muscular movements that are synchronized with an in-depth rhythmic breathing process and considered the best all-around exercise. To determine the effect of Suryanamaskar practice on cardiovascular, respiratory, and cognitive performances among medical students.\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 85 first-year medical students (50 males and 35 females) were entered the study voluntarily and received 60-minute training sessions on Suryanamaskar for 6 days weekly for 3 months. Cardiovascular-respiratory parameters and cognitive functions were assessed. Resting blood pressure, pulse rate, vital capacity (ml), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV) (l/min), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximal oxygen consumption in l/min/kg body weight, and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised for cognitive function testing were recorded at the baseline and after 12 weeks of Suryanamaskar training. Data were analyzed statistically in SPSS software, and the significance was checked by the student's paired t-test. The significance level was considered < 0.005.\u0000Results: After 12 weeks of regular Suryanamaskar practice, a significant decrease was found in resting pulse rate and blood pressure and an increase in vital capacity (ml), MVV (l/min), PEFR, and cognitive functions in both male and female participants.\u0000Conclusions: Based on the results, after 3 months of Suryanamaskar training, it had a significant effect on the improvement of cardiovascular, respiratory, and cognitive functions among medical students.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49564122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Borderline Personality Traits: The Roles of Childhood Teasing and Traumatic Experiences","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.102","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The relationship of borderline personality traits with childhood teasing and traumatic experiences is a major risk factor in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms; nonetheless, this relationship is not fully understood. The present study aimed to provide further evidence on the role of childhood teasing, traumatic experiences, and other pathological personality traits, such as negative affectivity, antagonism, psychoticism, disinhibition, detachment, depression, anxiety, and stress symptom, in the development of borderline personality disorder, especially in Iranian non-clinical populations.\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 385 college students were assessed by teasing questionnaire-revised (TQ-R), childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF), the borderline personality scale (SIB), and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21).\u0000Results: Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlations, and stepwise regression analysis statistics were conducted to examine the relationship of borderline personality traits with childhood teasing and traumatic experiences. The current study supported the significant positive correlation of borderline personality disorder with PID-5-BF, such as negative affectivity, antagonism, psychoticism, disinhibition, detachment, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as well as teasing and traumatic experiences in non-clinical individuals.\u0000Conclusions: As evidenced by the results of this study, childhood traumatic experiences have a prominent role to play in the development of borderline personality psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47563672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Haddadi, M. Ebrahimi, N. Zamani, Nikinaz Zarabian
{"title":"Effects of Yalom Group therapy on the Resilience and Meaning in Life of the Nurses in Covid-19 Centers","authors":"A. Haddadi, M. Ebrahimi, N. Zamani, Nikinaz Zarabian","doi":"10.32592/AJNPP.2021.8.4.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/AJNPP.2021.8.4.107","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Yalom group therapy on the resilience and meaning in life of the nurses fighting COVID-19.\u0000Materials and Methods: This quasi-intervention pre-test post-test research was conducted with a control group. Statistical population of this study included all the nurses of the hospitals of Hamedan who cared for the COVID-19 patients in 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 nurses were randomly selected and divided equally into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group was treated by the Yalom group therapy for 10 sessions. Evaluation tools were the Connor-Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire and The Meaning in Life Questionnaire of Steger et al. which were completed by both groups at pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis of variance in SPSS software (version 24).\u0000Results: The significance level of the difference between the mean scores of \"meaning in life\" was less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Hence, the difference between the means was significant and it can be said that the Yalom group therapy affects the meaning in life. According to the eta-squared value, the extend of this impact was about 64%. Moreover, the difference between the mean of the resilience scores of the intervention and control group was 58.94 and the significance level of this value was less than 0.05 (F [1 and 27] =58.937, P=0.001). Therefore, the difference between the means of the resilience scores of the intervention and control groups was significant with 95% confidence. It can be said that the Yalom group therapy had a significant impact on the resilience of the nurses.\u0000Conclusion: The results can be used to maintain and care for the mental health of nurses during severe disease epidemics, such as the Coronavirus epidemic.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodabeh Mashayekhi, I. Khodadadi, F. Mirzaei, H. Tayebinia, A. Komaki, E. Abbasi-Oshaghi
{"title":"Memory and Learning Improvement by Resveratrol and Probiotics via the Gut-Brain Axis and Antioxidant Activity in Diabetic Rats","authors":"Sodabeh Mashayekhi, I. Khodadadi, F. Mirzaei, H. Tayebinia, A. Komaki, E. Abbasi-Oshaghi","doi":"10.32592/AJNPP.2021.8.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/AJNPP.2021.8.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Diabetes affects the central nervous system associated with cognition, especially memory and learning. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics (living microorganisms that provide health benefits) and resveratrol (a polyphenol with potential antioxidant activity) combination on oxidative stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), memory, and learning in diabetic rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (six animals per group) of control, diabetic, probiotic-treated diabetic (50×109CFU/kg in drinking water), resveratrol-treated diabetic (10 mg/kg, oral gavage), as well as probiotics and resveratrol-treated diabetic. The treatment procedures lasted for four weeks, and a Shuttle Box test was then performed to evaluate memory and learning. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampus was removed to perform biochemical studies.\u0000Results: The levels of malondialdehyde and total oxidative status significantly decreased in the diabetic group treated with combined resveratrol and probiotics (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased in the hippocampus of the diabetic group treated with combined resveratrol and probiotics (P<0.05). According to the results, the combined therapy improved memory and learning (P<0.05). In addition, the level of GLP-1 increased in the treatment groups (P<0.05).\u0000Conclusion: Treatment with resveratrol and probiotics significantly normalized pyramidal cell densities in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. This combination also reduced oxidative stress and activated the gut-brain axis in diabetic animals.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bazzazi, Pantea Mehraban, M. Seifrabiei, M. Ahmadpanah
{"title":"Cognitive Consequences of Cataract Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"N. Bazzazi, Pantea Mehraban, M. Seifrabiei, M. Ahmadpanah","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.106","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The age-related cataract is a leading cause of vision loss, and cataract surgery is the most common intraocular surgery. Patients with cataracts may develop mild cognitive impairment due to blurred vision and vision problems. In this regard, the improvement of vision after cataract surgery may affect their cognitive function.\u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 32 patients aged 40-60 years who were referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan with a diagnosis of bilateral cataracts within 2019-2020. Cognitive function was assessed in patients with Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) test and clock-drawing test before and after ocular cataract surgery. Patient data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using paired t-test at a 95% confidence level.\u0000Results: The mean age of patients was 53.91±4.51 years, and the majority of them (62.5%)were male. Before and after cataract surgery, the mean scores of the MMSE test were 25.09±3.25 and 26.19±2.69, and the mean scores of the clock-drawing test were reported as 3.34±1.49 and 3.72±1.32 (P=0.001). Based on the MMSE and clock-drawing test, 54.4% and 65.6% of patients, respectively, had improved cognitive function, as compared to before the surgery.\u0000Conclusions: Cognitive function in patients with cataracts was significantly improved by cataract surgery.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49526441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Resilience Training and Emotion Regulation on Psychological Well-being and Self-efficacy of Firefighters","authors":"Niloofar Sharifi, S. Basharpoor, M. Narimani","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.105","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Firefighters are at risk of mental health deterioration due to their stressful jobs, and psychological skills training plays a positive role in this regard. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion-regulation training on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of firefighters.\u0000Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with a multi-group pretest-posttest control group design. In autumn 2018, forty-five Ardabil firefighters selected by simple random sampling were randomly assigned into three groups of resiliency-training (n=15), emotion-regulation-training (n=15), and control (n=15). All three groups completed the demographic questionnaire, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale (Scherer et al., 1982) in the pre-test and post-test stages. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software (version16) through the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.\u0000Results: Resiliency training and emotion-regulation had a significant effect on one’s psychological well-being and self-efficacy. The results of the post hoc test also indicated that the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion-regulation on one’s self-efficacy was significantly different and resiliency training was more effective than emotion-regulation training.\u0000Conclusions: Resiliency training and emotion-regulation training were effective on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of firefighters.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44249676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kourosh Shahbazi, Marjan Hosseinzadeh Taghvaei, Seyed Kamal Solati, A. Khaledifar, M. Shahnazari
{"title":"Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Hypertension among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Kourosh Shahbazi, Marjan Hosseinzadeh Taghvaei, Seyed Kamal Solati, A. Khaledifar, M. Shahnazari","doi":"10.32592/AJNPP.2021.8.4.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/AJNPP.2021.8.4.104","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Marital Reducing stressors is an effective way to decrease blood pressure and its other associated symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on metabolic syndrome among patients with hypertension.\u0000Materials and Methods: This experimental research was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. A total number of 50 cardiovascular patients referring to Shahrekord Cohort Study, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019 were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=25 each). Metabolic syndrome indices, including blood pressure, blood sugar, glucose triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, were used to collect the required data. All groups received the same standard medications under the supervision of an interventional cardiologist. In addition to the standard medical treatment, the experimental group received the intervention of MBSR (eight 90-minute sessions). The control group did not receive any non-pharmacological intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.\u0000Results: The results showed that MBSR was effective in improving metabolic syndrome symptoms in cardiovascular patients with hypertension (P<0.05).\u0000Conclusions: The employment of MBSR along with medical and pharmacological treatments could help cardiovascular disease patients to improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48655566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ahmadi, H. B. Gharamaleki, S. Dadashi, Habibollah Rasouli
{"title":"Effectiveness of Brainwave Synchronization in Alpha, Beta, and Theta Bands by Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Working Memory","authors":"E. Ahmadi, H. B. Gharamaleki, S. Dadashi, Habibollah Rasouli","doi":"10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of synchronization of brain waves in alpha, beta, and theta bands by the Binaural beats on visuospatial working memory.\u0000Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. In this regard, 60 students were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group (n=15 each). All subjects were assessed in the pre-test and post-test stages by the Corsi blocks tapping test. Participants in the experimental groups received 15, 9, 5, and 6 Hz binaural beats for 12 min. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance.\u0000Results: The findings showed that 15 Hz binaural beats (beta bands) significantly improved the subject's visuospatial working memory (P<0.05).\u0000Conclusions: Given that working memory is the basis of numerous cognitive functions, using 15 Hz binaural beats could improve the visuospatial working memory in these people","PeriodicalId":91846,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of neuropsychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}