ScienceOpen research最新文献

A review: CRISPR/Cas12-mediated genome editing in fungal cells: advancements, mechanisms, and future directions in plant-fungal pathology 综述:CRISPR/ cas12介导的真菌细胞基因组编辑:植物真菌病理学的进展、机制和未来方向

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor.2023.0001.v1

Chiti Agarwal

{"title":"A review: CRISPR/Cas12-mediated genome editing in fungal cells: advancements, mechanisms, and future directions in plant-fungal pathology","authors":"Chiti Agarwal","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor.2023.0001.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor.2023.0001.v1","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR-associated protein system (CRISPR/Cas), characterized by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, has revolutionized life science research by providing vast possibilities for altering specific DNA or RNA sequences in various organisms. The present system integrates fragments of exogenous DNA, known as spacers, into CRISPR cassettes. These cassettes are subsequently transcribed into CRISPR arrays, which are further processed to generate guide RNA (gRNA). The CRISPR arrays are genetic loci that are responsible for encoding Cas proteins. The Cas proteins are responsible for supplying the necessary enzymatic machinery to acquire new spacers that are aimed at invading elements. The development of novel genome engineering tools has been made possible by utilizing various Cas proteins, including but not limited to Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14, which possess programmable sequence specificity. The emergence of Cas variants has spurred genetic research and advanced the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas tool to manipulate and edit nucleic acid sequences within a wide range of living organisms. This review aims to furnish operational modalities of the Cas12 protein identified thus far. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of Cas12 protein are examined, along with their recent implementations in the plant fungal world.","PeriodicalId":91169,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89389776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial risks in the working environment – approaches to formative risk assessment 工作环境中的社会心理风险——形成性风险评估方法

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor.2023.0002.v1

Stefan Paulus, Alexander Scheidegger, Jasmin Rabensteiner, Thomas Egger

引用次数: 1

Technological, legal, and sociological summary of biometric technology usage 生物识别技术使用的技术、法律和社会学总结

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor.2022.0002.v1

Ondrej Kanich, Ján Matejka, Eva Fialová, M. Kafková, Tomáš Doseděl, M. Drahanský

引用次数: 0

Policy learning from influenza and the preparedness of the public health sector: 2006/2007 influenza season in Latvia 从流感中学到的政策教训和公共卫生部门的防范:拉脱维亚2006/2007年流感季节

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppxg57d.v2

I. Beinaroviča

引用次数: 0

Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time 姆潘巴效应——时间的效应

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppxtyij.v1

Jianan Wang

引用次数: 0

Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or a mirage? 学生评教中的性别偏见还是海市蜃楼?

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppfxxc8.v1

B. Uttl, V. Violo

{"title":"Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or a mirage?","authors":"B. Uttl, V. Violo","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppfxxc8.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppfxxc8.v1","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent small sample study, Khazan et al. (2020) examined SET ratings received by one female teaching (TA) assistant who assisted with teaching two sections of the same online course, one section under her true gender and one section under false/opposite gender. Khazan et al. concluded that their study demonstrated gender bias against female TA even though they found no statistical difference in SET ratings between male vs. female TA (\u0000 p = .73). To claim gender bias, Khazan et al. ignored their overall findings and focused on distribution of six negative SET ratings and claimed, without reporting any statistical test results, that (a) female students gave more positive ratings to male TA than female TA, (b) female TA received five times as many negative ratings than the male TA, and (c) female students gave most low scores to female TA. We conducted the missing statistical tests and found no evidence supporting Khazan et al.s claims. We also requested Khazan et al.s data to formally examine them for outliers and to re-analyze the data with and without the outliers. Khazan et al. refused. We read off the data from their Figure 1 and filled in several values using the brute force, exhaustive search constrained by the summary statistics reported by Khazan et al.. Our re-analysis revealed six outliers and no evidence of gender bias. In fact, when the six outliers were removed, the female TA was rated higher than male TA but non-significantly so.","PeriodicalId":91169,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85023173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Small samples, unreasonable generalizations, and outliers: Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or three unhappy students? 小样本，不合理的概括，和异常值:性别偏见在学生评价教学或三个不快乐的学生?

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2020-03-06 DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pputigr.v1

B. Uttl, V. Violo

{"title":"Small samples, unreasonable generalizations, and outliers: Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or three unhappy students?","authors":"B. Uttl, V. Violo","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pputigr.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pputigr.v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In a widely cited and widely talked about study, MacNell et al. (2015) [1] examined SET ratings of one female and one male instructor, each teaching two sections of the same online course, one section under their true gender and the other section under false/opposite gender. MacNell et al. concluded that students rated perceived female instructors more harshly than perceived male instructors, demonstrating gender bias against perceived female instructors. Boring, Ottoboni, and Stark (2016) [2] re-analyzed MacNell et al.’s data and confirmed their conclusions. However, the design of MacNell et al. study is fundamentally flawed. First, MacNell et al.’ section sample sizes were extremely small, ranging from 8 to 12 students. Second, MacNell et al. included only one female and one male instructor. Third, MacNell et al.’s findings depend on three outliers – three unhappy students (all in perceived female conditions) who gave their instructors the lowest possible ratings on all or nearly all SET items. We re-analyzed MacNell et al.’s data with and without the three outliers. Our analyses showed that the gender bias against perceived female instructors disappeared. Instead, students rated the actual female vs. male instructor higher, regardless of perceived gender. MacNell et al.’s study is a real-life demonstration that conclusions based on extremely small sample-sized studies are unwarranted and uninterpretable.","PeriodicalId":91169,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84354420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Wind Power for a Cleaner Atmosphere 风力发电使大气更清洁

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2017-12-14 DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-ENG.E3IKKA.v1

C. V. Friedeburg

引用次数: 0

Storing Clean Energy for a Cleaner World 为更清洁的世界储存清洁能源

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2017-12-07 DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-ENG.EOGSHF.V1

C. V. Friedeburg

引用次数: 0

Solar Energy for a Cleaner World 利用太阳能创造更清洁的世界

ScienceOpen research Pub Date : 2017-10-25 DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-PHYS.EJWPJW.V1

C. V. Friedeburg

引用次数: 1