Journal of global health perspectives最新文献_第8页

A Pathway for Regional Integration 区域一体化之路

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.37896

Gaspare M. Genna

引用次数: 1

The Public’s Role in Politicizing International Issues: Why Multilateralism Needs to Take Public Opinion More Seriously 公众在国际问题政治化中的作用:为什么多边主义需要更加重视公众意见

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.57706

Omar O. Dumdum

引用次数: 0

Innovative Deviance in a Rule-Bound City-State 受规则约束的城邦中的创新越轨行为

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.36640

W. Yeo, Ling Han, W. Jiang, Nitin Natrajan

{"title":"Innovative Deviance in a Rule-Bound City-State","authors":"W. Yeo, Ling Han, W. Jiang, Nitin Natrajan","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.36640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.36640","url":null,"abstract":"Funding and service provision are fundamental tenets of nonprofit organizations in Singapore. The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the resilience of the nonprofit sector and beckoned the government to respond with digitalization programs that blend into the innovative capacity of the nonprofit sector. Consequently, digitalization has produced different versions of innovation that have helped tide nonprofits over this difficult time, in which crowdfunding has played an important role. In this article, we use two case studies to examine how nonprofits approach and situate crowdfunding in Singapore against the backdrop of the pandemic. One organization utilizes crowdfunding as the core of their fundraising model and views it as an essential part of their operation. During the pandemic, they even used this crowdfunding model to reach marginalized communities that tend not to be the target beneficiaries of the registered nonprofit organizations in Singapore. The other organization finds itself innovating within existing fundraising mechanisms, though it has experimented with crowdfunding. We argue that this case represents the strategy that most nonprofits are using during the pandemic by developing new and existing digital programs to attract potential donors. At the core of our argument, crowdfunding has the potential to expand the type of services and reach communities that tend to be overlooked or forgotten by present nonprofit structures in Singapore. By doing so, crowdfunding provides an outlet for these groups to voice their issues.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85670124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multilateralism for International Public Goods 多边主义促进国际公共产品

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.57732

S. Devarajan

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence Policy Regimes: Comparing Politics and Policy to National Strategies for Artificial Intelligence 人工智能政策制度:将政治和政策与国家人工智能战略进行比较

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.32362

Fernando Filgueiras

引用次数: 7

Bureaucratic Representation in the IMF and the World Bank 国际货币基金组织和世界银行的官僚代表权

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.39684

C. Weaver, Mirko Heinzel, Samantha Jorgensen, Joseph Flores

{"title":"Bureaucratic Representation in the IMF and the World Bank","authors":"C. Weaver, Mirko Heinzel, Samantha Jorgensen, Joseph Flores","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.39684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39684","url":null,"abstract":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of international organizations are often linked directly to issues of representation—not only on their high-level governing boards and in top leadership but also within their staff. This article explores two key questions of bureaucratic representation in the critical cases of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. First, we seek to unpack three essential dimensions of staff representation—nationality, education, and gender—to explain how representation may matter for international organizations. Second, we aim to describe the multiple dimensions of representation in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank over the past twenty years by deploying a novel dataset on staff demographics, focusing on ranks with decision-making authority within the institutions. Our descriptive analysis reveals that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have made considerable efforts to diversify their bureaucracies. Nonetheless, representation remains uneven; for example, nationals from middle- and low-income countries, women, and staff without economics degrees from prominent US- or UK-based universities are less present in key leadership positions. These results may be well explained by the particular needs of the institutions’ technical mandates and limits in the supply of qualified staff and, as such, need not be seen as suboptimal. Nonetheless, perceived imbalances in representation may continue to pose external legitimation and operational challenges to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in a complex political environment where such multidimensional representation is important to sustaining the buy-in of donor and borrower countries alike. To this end, we recommend that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank enhance their diversity and inclusion efforts by increasing transparency via reporting disaggregated data on workforce composition and introducing annual requirements to publish progress reports with management feedback to strengthen internal and external accountability.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Authority, Critical Thinking, and the University in the Twenty-First Century 权威、批判性思维与21世纪的大学

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.35862

Lisa Anderson

引用次数: 0

The Future of Multilateralism and Global Development: Opportunities for Constitutive and Functional Reform 多边主义与全球发展的未来:构成和职能改革的机遇

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.57594

J. P. Singh, M. Woolcock

{"title":"The Future of Multilateralism and Global Development: Opportunities for Constitutive and Functional Reform","authors":"J. P. Singh, M. Woolcock","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.57594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.57594","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the numerous challenges facing contemporary multilateral organizations, and indeed the very idea of multilateralism itself, many have called for “wholesale change” yet few have provided specific details on substance or articulated how any such reforms might be supported (politically, financially) or implemented. We summarize key insights from a recent global initiative that sought to both provide a critical assessment of multilateralism at different units of analysis and offer credible corresponding responses, doing so within a basic framework distinguishing between multilateralism’s constitutive elements (e.g., the creation, organization, and collective understandings of the UN system) and its functional components (everyday activities such as budgets and hiring practices). This collection of fourteen papers and six commentaries highlights specific ways in which different kinds of political, policy, and procedural challenges might be addressed, including strategies to adopt more adaptive management practices, ensure compliance with dues-paying rules, and diffuse secession threats; enact difficult trade-offs between imperatives for transparency, accountability, and confidentiality; learn from regulatory innovations in trade and investment rules to strengthen labor, human rights, and the environment; formulate workable domestic and global rules for multilateral cooperation; enhance data on, studies of, and policy responses to rising inequalities; implement potential technical fixes to redress debilitating “binding constraints”; promote greater staff diversity (geographically, demographically, ideologically); forge greater complementarity between regional, “new” (Southern-based) and “established” multilateral organizations; secure the substantive contributions of small states; and respond proactively to the shifting contours of geopolitical rivalries, opportunities, and imperatives.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward an Agenda for Pursuit of the Common Good: An Exploration 追求共同利益的议程:一种探索

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.38554

Judith C. Symonds, Bruce R. Sievers, James Smith

{"title":"Toward an Agenda for Pursuit of the Common Good: An Exploration","authors":"Judith C. Symonds, Bruce R. Sievers, James Smith","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.38554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.38554","url":null,"abstract":"There is a common theme in modern society’s inability to respond to such diverse challenges as climate change, global pandemics, rising inequality, and digital threats to democracy—a diminished sense of commitment worldwide to the norm of “the common good.” The Pursuit of the Common Good initiative is an international effort to find ways of resolving these complex problems by gaining an understanding of this underlying norm—its conceptual and historical roots and how it plays out in key crises of our time. The first stage of this initiative culminated in a consultation in Paris that explored key issues with the aim of creating an agenda for future research and action. Participants discussed the most urgent challenges facing this effort; who should participate; the roles that can be played by government, the private sector, civil society, the media, and information technology; and how to create realistic expectations. Themes included the concept of the common good over time, market mentalities and democratic inclusion, technology and the digital transition, climate change and sustainability, and mechanisms for governing and negotiating the common good. A second stage of the project will seek to establish a broad network of institutions and organizations to help shape the outcome of urgent global challenges through the perspective of the common good. The initiative’s ultimate aim is the generation of a fundamental shift in public consciousness and the development of public policies to meet that end.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88888295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a Better Understanding of Social Origins Theory: A Historical Narrative of Vienna’s Civil Society Organizations 更好地理解社会起源理论:维也纳公民社会组织的历史叙述

Journal of global health perspectives Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/gp.2022.36570

Florentine Maier, Michael Meyer, Berta Terzieva

{"title":"Toward a Better Understanding of Social Origins Theory: A Historical Narrative of Vienna’s Civil Society Organizations","authors":"Florentine Maier, Michael Meyer, Berta Terzieva","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.36570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.36570","url":null,"abstract":"Social origins theory explains variation between civil societies by power relations between socioeconomic classes and by path dependencies. There have been few systematic reflections on which dimensions of civil society depend on these factors and can thus be explained by the theory. With the help of a historical narrative of the eventful history of Vienna’s civil society, in which traditional, liberal, social democratic, statist, and corporatist patterns feature, we tentatively identify ten such dimensions: CSOs’ original founding dates; fields of activity; societal roles; reliance on volunteers and paid staff; political and religious affiliation; the relationship with government when engaging in advocacy; organizational governance structures; socioeconomic characteristics of CSOs’ workforce, board members, and service recipients; CSOs’ funding sources; and CSOs’ sizes. We suggest that civil society research would benefit from the anthropological approach of deriving etic categories for comparing civil societies and explaining the similarities and differences between them by consolidating single case studies that analyze the development of specific civil societies from an emic perspective.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88907525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3