International journal of public health research最新文献

{"title":"Biomarkers approach in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis: A review","authors":"Mahnaz Irani-Shemirani","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1202.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1202.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Sepsis is a systematic host response to infection accompanied by suppression of immune system and organ failure. Rapid diagnosis of sepsis has prompted researchers to use circulating biomarkers for diagnosis sepsis. Method The PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched from 2010 until 2020 using the keyorganis “sepsis”, “biomarker”, “pathophysiology”, “pathogenesis”, and “diagnose” with restriction by language to English. For each individual biomarker the databases were searched again by the biomarker name. Results Although CRP and Procalcitonin are the most common biomarkers in the diagnosis of sepsis, other biomarkers such as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, monocyte and lymphocyte biomarkers, antibody and nucleic acid biomarkers may help in diagnosis of sepsis. Conclusion The biomarkers verified capability in disease progress, prognosis of disorder, risk stratification, and treatment effect rather than diagnosis at early stage of sepsis. Defining molecular properties in septic patients opens up new means to diagnose and manage sepsis in a shorter time compared to conventional methods currently used at hospitals however further clinical evaluation of biomarkers should be performed. Keywords. Sepsis. Biomarkers. Prognosis. Diagnosis","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47044493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and Its Associated Factors among School-going Adolescents in Malaysia","authors":"M. H. Taufik, Muhammad Solihin Rezali, Nur Adilah Shahein, Norhafizah Sahril, Chan Ying Ying, Nor' Ain Ab Wahab","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1202.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1202.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many mental health disorders have onset during adolescence. To date, the data on the correlates of anxiety is still lacking. Therefore, this study is crucial to determine the factors associated with anxiety among school-going adolescents in Malaysia. Methodology: This study was based on 26,892 school-going adolescents from 212 selected schools in Malaysia. Anxiety was measured using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Associations between anxiety, sociodemographic characteristics and variables of interest were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, 10,540 (39.7%) school-going adolescents had anxiety. Anxiety was positively associated with female (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.30 [1.19,1.42]) compared to male counterpart, feeling loneliness (1.78 [1.54,2.05]) compared to not lonely, unable to sleep due to worry of something (1.79 [1.56,2.05]) compared to able to sleep, being bullied (1.66 [1.48,1.87]) compared to not being bullied, physical abuse (1.33 [1.18,1.49]) compared to no physical abuse, verbal abuse (1.47 [1.35,1.59]) compared to no verbal abuse, current drinker (1.23 [1.06,1.43]) compared to not current drinker, current drug use (1.84 [1.43,2.35]) compared to not current drug use, ever had sex (1.17 [1.01,1.36]) compared to never had sex, physically inactive (1.16 [1.06,1.26]) compared to physically active and internet addiction (2.59 [2.37,2.83]) compared to no internet addiction. Chinese ethnic (0.68 [0.50,0.93]) compared to other ethnic, and Form 2 (0.78 [0.69,0.89]) and Form 3 (0.73 [0.65,0.82]) students compared to Form 1 students, were protective of anxiety. Conclusion: Prevention and intervention programs for these “at-risk” adolescents should be planned holistically towards reducing the risk factors. Keywords: Anxiety - mental health – adolescents – NHMS - Malaysia","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude about Emerging Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Dental Public Health Students in Thailand","authors":"Kaewjai Maleelai, Satayu Phonkaew","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1202.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1202.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was an emerging disease outbreak. Now a pandemic, it continues to threaten public health around the world. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Bachelor of Public Health program in the dental public health program at the Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand from May to June 2021. Our participants included 102 students. The data were collected via a self-administered, online questionnaire. We analysed the data using descriptive statistics and also computed the independent t-test to understand the relationship between variables. Results We found that the participants were primarily female (96.1%). The students were in their first year (35.3%), second year (33.3%) and third year (31.8%) of study. Their average age was 22 years old. Most of them had no underlying disease (96.1%). A majority of the participants (67.7%) reported that their knowledge of COVID-19 was at a moderate. Attitudes toward COVID-19 were at a moderate level (88.2%). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge scores compared with and without a coexisting disease. The mean scores for attitude towards COVID-19 were statistically significant differences between gender and the participants with and without coexisting. Conclusion To encourage promoting knowledge about COVID-19 and the attitude to protect themselves from infection, we should prioritize health promotion and health education about COVID-19 among students.","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44818261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Sharps Injury Management","authors":"Abdullah Aliff Abdul Wahab, R. Ismail, H. Ismail","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Occupational sharps injury remains a never-ending issue faced by healthcare workers (HCWs). There were several types of post-exposure management available. Thus, it was hoped that a narrative overview could further illuminate this. Methodology: A search was conducted to review published and unpublished studies through searches of online databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Google search and Science Direct) on occupational sharps injury management, including bloodborne diseases, post-exposure management and rationale of the follow-up interval. Results: Working in a healthcare setting, sharps appeared to be an inevitable hazard faced every day by individual HCWs. While PEP was available for HIV and Hepatitis B, none was available for Hepatitis C, albeit the latter seemed to have curative treatment for it. Conclusion: We hoped that this narrative overview could provide an impetus towards the understanding of post-exposure management in our local healthcare setting.","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44964733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cessation of E-Cigarette Use Among Adults in Malaysia: Findings from a Nationwide Survey","authors":"Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Jane Ling Miaw Yn, T. A. Saminathan, Jamaluddin Ab Rahman, W. S. Rodzlan Hasani, Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes, Kuang Hock Lim, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The use of e-cigarettes has increased rapidly around the world including in Malaysia. However, a significant proportion of people who started using e-cigarettes later discontinued using them. The aim of this study is to identify prevalence of former e-cigarette use and factors associated with quitting, among Malaysian adults. Methods This study is a part of a national household survey examining the use of e-cigarettes among Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above in 2016. A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used in the survey. A bilingual (Malay and English) structured questionnaire was used and data was collected via face-to-face interview. Prevalence of current e-cigarette use and former e-cigarette use were determined. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with quitting e-cigarettes. Results A total of 4,288 adults participated in the survey, where 110 (3.2%) and 289 (8.6%) were identified as current and former e-cigarette users respectively. The following factors were significantly associated with quitting e-cigarette use: e-cigarette users who had no exposure to e-cigarettes at the workplace (aOR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.39, 5.24); the perception that e-cigarette is more harmful to others compared to tobacco smoke (aOR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.97); and the perception that e-cigarettes do not help people to maintain cigarette abstinence (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.92). Conclusions This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors associated with cessation of e-cigarettes. Findings from this study can assist any e-cigarette cessation intervention measures.","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aduan Di Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tuntutan Pampasan","authors":"Marsom Surya, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Hanuzah Omar","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Complaints in the health care system are complaints made by patients or patient’s relatives due to various reasons such as poor quality of service or unmeet expectations. There are few studies done measuring the prevalence of hospital’s complaints but none being done in Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru and very limited study looking at factors associated with it and with compensation claims. This study aims to identify complaints at Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru and factors associated with complaints and with compensated claims. Methods A cross sectional study was done at Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru using a data from 1st January 2009 until 31st December 2016. All relevant data was taken from the complaint data collected by the hospital Complaints Management Committee. Results The study found a total of 304 complaints data with a prevalence of 0.13 per 1000 patient arrivals. Out of these complaints, 16.7% were compensation claims. 51.5% of complainants were male and 67.4% were Malays. 46.2% of complaints were related to clinical management, 61.4% were made against the doctor. Only 12.1% complaints were related to mortality and 11.4% related to morbidity. This study also found that there was significant relationship between race, type of complaint and disease factor with complaints. Conclusions Compensation claims were highly related to clinical management and disease factors. These complaints should investigate thoroughly to see what can be done or to be improved in the future. Keywords Complaints, patient’s complaint, compensation claims ABSTRAK Pengenalan: Aduan dalam sistem rawatan kesihatan adalah aduan yang dibuat oleh pesakit atau saudara-mara pesakit kerana pelbagai alasan seperti kualiti perkhidmatan yang buruk atau harapan yang tidak dipenuhi. Terdapat beberapa kajian yang dilakukan untuk mengukur berlakunya aduan hospital tetapi tidak ada yang dilakukan di Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru dan kajian yang sangat terhad melihat faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengannya dan dengan tuntutan pampasan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti aduan di Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru dan faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengannya dan dengan tuntutan pampasan. Metodologi: Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah keratan lintang (cross sectional study). Data diambil dari jumlah aduan terkumpul oleh Jawatankuasa Pengurusan Aduan Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru bermula dari 1 Januari 2009 sehingga 31 Disember 2016. Hasil Kajian: Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat 304 data aduan dengan prevalens 0.13 per 1000 kedatangan pesakit. Seramai 16.7% pengadu telah membuat tuntutan pampasan. Kebanyakan pengadu adalah terdiri daripada lelaki (51.5%) dengan (67.4%) adalah berbangsa Melayu. Sejumlah (46.2%) aduan adalah berkaitan pengurusan klinikal, (61.4 %) aduan dibuat terhadap perkhidmatan doktor manakala (12.1%) aduan adalah berkaitan mortaliti dan (11.4%) berkaitan morbiditi. Kajian ini juga mendapati terdapat hubungan di antara b","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45105430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception about E-Cigarettes in Malaysia: Sociodemographic Correlates","authors":"Yong Kang Cheah, Chien Huey Teh, Kuang Hock Lim, Chee Cheong Kee","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of e-cigarette smoking is increasing. Many people still have a poor understanding of the risks of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study is to examine sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge about e-cigarettes with a focus on the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes. Methods: Multivariable logistic regressions are utilised to estimate the effects of sociodemographic factors on the likelihood of having the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes. These regressions are stratified by ethnic groups. A Malaysian nationwide survey that consists of a large sample size (n = 4176) is used for secondary analysis. Results: Age, gender and educational level are associated with the perception about e-cigarettes. Older individuals are less likely to think that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes compared with younger individuals. Males are more likely to have the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes relative to females. Having primary or secondary educational level rather than tertiary educational level is associated with a reduced likelihood of having the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors play an important role in determining the perception about e-cigarettes. Nationwide policies directed toward improving knowledge about e-cigarettes among individuals who think that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes may be effective in lowering the risk of suffering from the currently unknown long-term negative effect of e-cigarettes.","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construct validity and reliability of Malay Language-perception towards smoking questionnaire (BM-PTSQ) among secondary school adolescents","authors":"Jia Hui Lim, Lim Kuang Hock, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Heng Pei Pei, Cheong Yoon Ling, Lim Hui Li Hock, Kee Chee Cheong, Goh Yee Lin, Ng Khuen Yen","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multitude studies have shown perception is an integral factor associated with smoking, However, no such tool was available in Malay language. In this study, we established a Bahasa Malaysia version of PTSQ (BM-PTSQ) and tested the validity and reliability among secondary school adolescents. Methods: The English version of PTSQ originally consists of 12 items. It was translated into Bahasa Malaysia and back-translated again into English to check for consistency. After face validity (face-to-face query) was determined among 20 secondary school adolescents, only 10 items were included in the survey. Construct validity was established from 407 school adolescents through random selection in the same locality. More than 60% of the respondents were female, a majority (67.3%) were schooling in rural areas. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was determined with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: EFA has grouped PTSQ into two components, they are associated with either knowledge or attitude towards smoking. The variance and Cronbach’s alpha for the first and second component were 38.24% and 0.861 (7 items) and 21.62% and 0.661 (3 items) respectively. Conclusion: The PTSQ showed good validity and reliability for measurement of perception in smoking among school adolescents in Malaysia, thus this is a viable measurement tool. More importantly this study shows an urgent need to improve the smoking education among adolescents in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Sigma Practices Integrated with IR 4.0 for Sustainability in Malaysian Healthcare Industry","authors":"Diekola Muslim Akanmu, N. Nordin","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"Provision of safe, reliable, and affordable care while improving performance and efficiency remains a challenge in the healthcare sector. This study, therefore, reviews the previous researches on the effect of six sigma and industrial revolution 4.0 technologies (IR 4.0) on sustainability as there is still a paucity of literature on the implementation of the practices in the healthcare sector. Notably, the growing challenges within service organizations have motivated healthcare organizations to upgrade their conventional delivery system to a smart sophisticated systems. Thus, this present study makes an attempt to model these practices as integrated with IR 4.0 technologies into achieving sustainability in the healthcare industry. In order to fill the void of this gap, this study intends to investigate the joint effects of six sigma and IR 4.0 technologies on sustainable performance of healthcare delivery services. The study confirms the future direction of the public health sector that is recently employing new technologies in its service systems. The data shall be collected from the top management employees, the health practitioners who are working and familiar with the services and operations of the organization and are familiar with the smart tools to expedite services for healthcare. This study extends the current literature on IR 4.0 technologies and six-sigma as enablers of economic, environmental and social sustainability. This study shall unfold the significant contribution of operations management practices and how sustainable performance can be enhanced through performance variation and strategic implementation of modern technologies in the healthcare sector.","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47996731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aetiologies of Liver Cirrhosis among Adult Patients attending a Hepatology Clinic at Selangor, Malaysia","authors":"Yu Chieng Jin, Yan Pan, Fong Liew Chiat, Mazawawi Muhammad, Syed Anas Tamamulqomar Said Abu Hass","doi":"10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ijphr.1201.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Methods: Our study aimed to describe the clinical pattern of cirrhosis and its associated factors among adult patients attending Hepatology Clinic, Serdang Hospital, Malaysia from 1st January 2010 to 30th June 2017. Aetiology was further determined by history, biochemistry and/or histology. The severity of the cirrhosis, together with the presence of complications and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma were documented. Results: A total of 357 adult patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis including 199 male patients (55.7%) and 158 female patients (44.3%), with a mean age of 54-year-old (range: 28–84 –year-old). The causes of cirrhosis were chronic hepatitis B (N=145, 40.6%), chronic hepatitis C (N= 67, 18.8%), cryptogenic liver disorder (N= 63, 17.6%), alcohol (N=42, 11.8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N=25, 7.0%), and others (N=15, 4.2%). Chronic hepatitis B was the predominant aetiology among Chinese whereas alcohol was the main aetiology among Indians, and Hepatitis C cirrhosis was highest among Malays. Majority of the patients had compensated cirrhosis with Child-Pugh A (N=221, 61.9%) at the time of diagnosis. 80.4% (N=287) of the cirrhotic patients had performed at least one endoscopy surveillance, with 28.6% (82/287) of them had endoscopic evidence of portal hypertension. 32.2% of patients had at least one hospitalization due to complication of cirrhosis. 41 patients (11.5%) had concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma during the follow up. Conclusions: Despite universal hepatitis B vaccination, Hepatitis B viral infection remains the most common cause of cirrhosis among patients attending Hepatology Clinic, Serdang Hospital. Keywords: Aetiology - Liver cirrhosis - Malaysia","PeriodicalId":91099,"journal":{"name":"International journal of public health research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}