Interdisciplinary information sciences最新文献_第8页

Induction of Hypothalamic Neurons from Pluripotent Stem Cells 多能干细胞诱导下丘脑神经元

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.B.11

H. Nagasaki, Y. Kodani, Hidetaka Suga

{"title":"Induction of Hypothalamic Neurons from Pluripotent Stem Cells","authors":"H. Nagasaki, Y. Kodani, Hidetaka Suga","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.B.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.11","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, various hypothalamic neurons have been successfully engineered from pluripotent stem cells, including mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Because pluripotent cells need to undergo stepwise changes during organogenesis, developmental analyses on the hypothalamus have been inevitable for numerous transcription factors that determine specification, survival, and migration during the formation of specific neurons. Hypothalamic progenitor cells arise from the retina and anterior neural fold homeobox (Rax)þ ventral part of the ventricular zone at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), and orthopedia (Otp) and steroidgenic factor-1 (SF-1) respectively appear in the dorsal and ventral regions at E13.5, which subsequently produce specific transcription factors required for the final maturation of hypothalamic neurons. In the pluripotent stem cells, rostrodorsal hypothalamus-like progenitors expressing retina and anterior neural fold homeobox are generated from floating aggregates in serum-free conditions with minimized exogenous patterning signaling. A certain population of the Raxþ progenitors generate Otpþ neuronal precursors, which subsequently develop into various dorsal and lateral hypothalamic neurons, including arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin neurons. Alternatively, early exposure to sonic hedgehog (Shh) induces differentiation markers including SF-1, specific for rostral–ventral hypothalamiclike precursors that eventually produce neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opio-melanocortin (POMC). In conclusion, it is now possible to induce most types of hypothalamic neurons from pluripotent stem cells. Application of these cells would have advantages for studies on specification, migration, drug development, and regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Oxytocin and the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide System in the Spinal Cord: Implications for Male Sexual Problems 脊髓中的催产素和胃泌素释放肽系统:对男性性问题的影响

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.B.08

H. Sakamoto, Takumi Oti

{"title":"Oxytocin and the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide System in the Spinal Cord: Implications for Male Sexual Problems","authors":"H. Sakamoto, Takumi Oti","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.B.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.08","url":null,"abstract":"Neural circuits underlying male sexual function comprise several nuclei located in the brain and spinal cord. We have previously demonstrated in rats that the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) system influences spinal centers promoting penile reflexes. Moreover, a group of oxytocin (OXT) neurons, situated in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, project into the spinal cord and control penile reflexes. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that OXT is transported by long descending paraventriculospinal pathways and activates proerectile spinal centers. Consequently, we have shown that in rats, axonal distribution of OXT in the lumbar spinal cord exhibits a male-dominant sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, OXT binding is observed in the spinal GRP neurons. Thus, OXT axons may secrete OXT from spinal axonal terminals and regulate male sexual function via an OXT receptor-mediated mechanism in spinal GRP neurons. Future studies should address the relationship between the hypothalamic OXT and spinal GRP systems. Identification of the male-specific brain-spinal cord neural circuit that regulates male sexual behavior may provide new avenues for therapeutic approaches to masculine reproductive dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction and/or ejaculation disorder.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Noxious or Non-noxious Inputs to Oxytocin Neurons: Possible Roles in the Control of Behaviors 对催产素神经元的有害或无害输入:在行为控制中的可能作用

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.B.03

T. Onaka, Shota Okabe, Y. Takayanagi, Masahide Yoshida

{"title":"Noxious or Non-noxious Inputs to Oxytocin Neurons: Possible Roles in the Control of Behaviors","authors":"T. Onaka, Shota Okabe, Y. Takayanagi, Masahide Yoshida","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.B.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.03","url":null,"abstract":"Oxytocin plays an essential role in milk ejection and parturition in mammals. Oxytocin has also been shown to be involved in the control of various behaviors, including anxiety-related behaviors, food intake and affiliative behaviors. We previously showed that noxious stimuli or stimuli previously paired with noxious stimuli (conditioned fear stimuli) activate hypothalamic oxytocin neurons via activation of brainstem catecholaminergic/prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-positive neurons. Oxytocin neurons are activated not only by noxious stimuli but also by nonnoxious touch stimuli. Social contact has been suggested to activate oxytocin neurons. Non-noxious tactile stimuli induce 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalization, an index of positive states in rats, and activate hypothalamic oxytocin neurons, suggesting that pleasant tactile stimuli activate oxytocin neurons. Physiological roles of oxytocin released during noxious or non-noxious tactile stimuli remain to be clarified. Noxious stimuli increase anxiety-related behavior, while pleasant sensory stimuli have pro-social actions. We have shown that endogenous oxytocin reduces anxiety-related behaviors, induces a decrease in amounts of food intake per meal, and facilitates social recognition via distinct neural pathways. Roles of oxytocin released during sensory stimuli may be dependent upon the sensory stimuli used, and oxytocin may contribute to the prevention of overreactions to noxious stimuli or mediate pro-social or anxiolytic actions of pleasant tactile stimuli.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sound Localization of Dynamic Binaural Signals Provided Using a Pinna-Less Dummy Head or a Stereo Microphone 使用无峰假头或立体声麦克风提供的动态双耳信号的声音定位

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.A.07

T. Hirahara, Yuki Sawada, D. Morikawa

引用次数: 4

Effect of Active Self-Motion on Auditory Space Perception 主动自我运动对听觉空间知觉的影响

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.A.08

S. Sakamoto, W. Teramoto, Hideaki Terashima, J. Gyoba

引用次数: 2

A New Area of the Mouse Anterior Hypothalamus Involved in Septohypothalamic Circuit 小鼠下丘脑前部参与中隔-下丘脑回路的新区域

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.B.09

N. Horii‐Hayashi, T. Sasagawa, M. Nishi

{"title":"A New Area of the Mouse Anterior Hypothalamus Involved in Septohypothalamic Circuit","authors":"N. Horii‐Hayashi, T. Sasagawa, M. Nishi","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.B.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.09","url":null,"abstract":"While the hypothalamus is now classiﬁed into more than ten compartments, uncharacterized areas remain. In this study, we show a new area in the anterior hypothalamus (AH) of mice, a triangular-shaped area between the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and the fornix, which is enriched in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). We designated this region perifornical area of the AH (PeFAH) based on its anatomical location. In Nissl staining, the PeFAH was distinguishable as an area of relatively low density. Immunohistochemical and DNA microarray analyses indicated that PeFAH contains sparsely distributed calretinin-positive neurons and densely clustered enkephalin-positive neurons. Furthermore, the PeFAH was shown to have bidirectional neural connections with the lateral septum (LS). We conﬁrmed enkephalinergic projections from PeFAH neurons to the LS, and inversely, calbindin-positive LS neurons as aﬀerents to the PeFAH. Finally, c-Fos expression analysis revealed that the activity of PeFAH neurons tended to be increased by psychological stressors but not by homeostatic stressors. These ﬁndings of neuronal subtypes and projections suggest that the region of the densely clustered encephalin-positive neurons in the PeFAH is comparable with the perifornical nucleus previously identiﬁed in rats.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"243-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.09","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual Motion Information Influences the Perceived Position of Touch 视觉运动信息影响触觉的感知位置

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.A.03

H. Ushioda, Y. Wada

引用次数: 0

Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Compartment in Vasopressin Neurons: A Mechanism by Which Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Reduced 加压素神经元内质网相关室的形成:内质网应激减轻的一种机制

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.B.01

H. Arima, Yoshinori Azuma, Yoshiaki Morishita, Masayuki Hayashi, Daisuke Hagiwara

{"title":"Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Compartment in Vasopressin Neurons: A Mechanism by Which Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Reduced","authors":"H. Arima, Yoshinori Azuma, Yoshiaki Morishita, Masayuki Hayashi, Daisuke Hagiwara","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.B.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.B.01","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of a mouse model for familial neurohypophysial diabetes insipidus (FNDI), a disease characterized by progressive polyuria due to progressive decreases in arginine vasopressin (AVP) release, revealed that mutant proteins are accumulated in a sub-compartment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of AVP neurons. By forming such a structure called ER-associated compartment (ERAC), AVP neurons are likely to reduce ER stress. However, the formation of ERAC is hampered in FNDI mice which are relatively old or subjected to chronic dehydration. Failure of ERAC formation induces autophagy in AVP neurons, which are finally lost through autophagy-associated cell death. It is also worthwhile that enlargement of a sub-compartment of ER, a structure similar to ERAC, was observed in the AVP neurons in wild-type mice subjected to dehydration. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6 ), one of three ER stress sensors, contributes to the formation of ERAC, as the ER was dilated diffusely in AVP neurons of dehydrated ATF6 knockout mice. Thus, our data suggest that misfolded proteins are sensed via ER stress sensors including ATF6 , and confined to the ERAC in AVP neurons. This mechanism seems to apply to the AVP neurons of not only FNDI but also wild-type mice.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sense of Presence and Verisimilitude of Audio–Visual Contents: Effects of Sounds and Playback Speeds on Sports Video 视听内容的现场感与真实感:声音和播放速度对体育录像的影响

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.A.05

Akio Honda, T. Kanda, H. Shibata, S. Sakamoto, Y. Iwaya, J. Gyoba, Yôiti Suzuki

引用次数: 2

Active Movements Generate Rotation-Independent Representations for Haptic Movements 主动运动为触觉运动生成旋转无关的表示

Interdisciplinary information sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4036/IIS.2015.A.02

Kazumichi Matsumiya, Mitsumasa Takahashi, I. Kuriki, S. Shioiri

引用次数: 1