The open rehabilitation journal最新文献

{"title":"COMPARISON OF PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIERS TO EXERCISE AMONG MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS","authors":"Muhammad Usman Zia, Rubab Naqvi, Aroosha Abrar, Wajeeha Mahmood, Tahir Mahmood","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i03.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i03.142","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers in medical and non- medical students needs to be explored as it is expected that medical students have more awareness regarding physical activities. Objective: To compare the perception of exercise benefits and barriers among medical and non-medical students. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 months from November 2020 to April 2020, on sample of n=289 regular male and female students in the age range of 19-27 years. The data of final year medical students was collected from Azra Naheed Medical College and nonmedical students from Superior University, Lahore Through on probability convenient sampling technique. The perception of exercise benefits and barriers was assessed using the exercise benefit/barrier scale (EBBS). The data was carried out by an online Google form due to the pandemic situation. The independent sample t-test was used to estimate of difference among both groups. Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.75±2.11 years. A total of n=164(56.74%) were males and n=125 (43.25%) were females. The result of independent t-test showed no significant difference between medical and non-medical students regarding exercise benefit (91.2±11.66 ver. 91.09±12.83, p=0.93) and barriers (34.97±7.22 ver. 35.27±7.62, p=0.72) as well in total score of EBBS (126.23±14.450 ver. 125.81±16.390, p=0.810).Conclusion: It is concluded that medical and non-medical final year students are equally aware about exercise benefits and barriers. Keywords: Benefits, BarriersExercise, Medical students, non-medical students, hysical activity, Perception","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81258897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEVEL OF PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION FROM PHYSICAL THERAPY SERVICES IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS IN PESHAWAR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY","authors":"Asad Khan, Sakeena Masoud, Muhammad Yasir, S. Hussain, U. Farooq, Huma Balqias, Syeda Kaniz Fatima Haider","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient satisfaction is a reference point of that degree to which a client is satisfied with the attention and treatment or health care services they get from their health care professional. It provides an idea about the intervention that is effective or not and removes the different malpractice claims. Objective: To determine the level of patients’ satisfaction in outpatient departments of physiotherapy in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Methodology: This study was a cross sectional survey in which purposive sampling was used and data was collected through MED-RISK patient satisfaction questionnaire. Both male and female aged between 18 to 75 and had received at least 3 or more sessions of physiotherapy were recruited in the study The sample size was n=375, participants were selected from physiotherapy (OPD) of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar. The 13 items, slightly modified form of Med Risk Patient Satisfaction instrument (MRPS) was used for data collection. The data was analyzed and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. Results: The respondent characteristics of 375 patient showed that more than half were male 245 (65.3%) and the remaining were female 130 (34.7%). The overall patient satisfaction from physical therapy services was 4.38±0.70 which showed that majority of the participants were satisfied with physical therapy services. When comparing the public and private setups, it was observed that participant received PT services in private setup are significantly satisfied (p<0.05) with services as compared to public setups.  Conclusion: The level of patient’s satisfaction receiving physiotherapy health services in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar can be considered high. Lower back pain was the most presenting symptom for the selected population receiving physiotherapy treatment. The patient education showed the highest mean as compared to other factors. The private sector showed statistically high level of satisfaction as compared to the public sector while practically the services being delivered by private and public sector were on same level. Keywords: Med- Risk, Outpatient Department, Patient satisfaction, Physical Therapy, Tertiary care hospitals","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86572888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC BIOFEEDBACK ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUE MUSCLE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL","authors":"Hamzullah Khan, Huma Riaz, Ahsen Farooq, F. Farid","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a common musculoskeletal disorder, enhancing performance of Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) can reduce the symptoms. Objective: The study objective was to determine the effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback (EMG BF) on the performance of VMO in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted at Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi from July to December 2019. In this study, n=30 patients with a diagnosis of knee OA were recruited with the age ranging from 50 to 65 years. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A has received isometric exercises with Electromyographic Biofeedback (EMG BF) training and Group B has received only isometric exercises for 6 weeks. The Assessments were taken at the baseline and after 6th week of intervention. The outcome measure of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) performance was maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), measured by an EMG BF device, and one-repetition maximum (1RM)). The VMO muscle thickness was measured by musculoskeletal ultrasound. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the group A was 58.94±3.1 years and of group B was 59.44±2.9 years. There was found significant between-group improvement (p<0.001) in VMO thickness and 1RM. But for MVIC between-group difference was not significant (p>0.05). Within-group analysis for all variables was statistically significant (p 0<.001) in both experimental and control groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that VMO training with an EMG BF device is more effective to enhance VMO thickness and strength in terms of 1RM in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Electromyography Biofeedback, One repetition maximum","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"34 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82785513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERCEIVED STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT AMONG FATHERS AND MOTHERS OF PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED GIRLS","authors":"M. Khurshid, Neelam Ehsan, Mamoona Ismail Loona, S. Waqar, A. Ahsan","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.99","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical disability of a female child by birth or by some injury in a family is very challenging for the parents and siblings. Present study is an attempt to explore the role of Perceived Stress and Psychological adjustment among parents of Physically Handicap girls. Objective: to explore the relationship between stress and psychological adjustment among parents of physically handicapped girls. Methodology: The sample consisted of n=40 parents of physically handicapped female children from the Nishtar hospital Multan. Snowball sampling technique was used for data collection. The parents of female physically disable children were included in the study. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen et al. 1988)) and Psychological Adjustment Scale were used to measure study variables. Results: There was a negative association between perceived stress and psychological adjustment (r=-0.77, p=0.01) among parents of handicapped girls. Results further suggested through t-test scores that fathers of handicapped girls were high on psychological adjustment as compared to mothers (p=0.01) and mothers were more under stress as compared to fathers (p=0.02). Conclusion: The Fathers and mothers of physically disabled female children are different in term of coping the level of stress as well as the fathers show more psychological adjustment as compare to mothers. Keywords: Disability, psychological Adjustment, Stress.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85242697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING ON SINGLE LIMB STABILITY IN YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES","authors":"Shah Bano Mujtaba, Syed Shakil Rehman, Mehwish Ikram, Momina Jalil, K. Tariq","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lower limb injuries in sports affect postural stability and balance. Muscular imbalance, postural malalignments, and altered biomechanics occurred in athletes due to injuries. Objective: To determine the effects of the 6-week neuromuscular training program on single-limb stability in young female athletes. Methodology: A single-subject study design was used in which n=20 female athletes aged between 18 to 25 years with previous lower limb injuries that lead to impaired balance and postural instability participated in this study included by the convenience sampling from the Faisalabad sports complex.. Athletes completed 6-week neuromuscular training program, with every session of 90 min and 3 times a week. Assessment of athletes was performed before and after the completion of the neuromuscular training program at 6 weeks, with a single-limb stance test, Stork balance stand test, and star excursion balance test. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.6±1.82 years. Single limb stance test score with eyes open pre 27.70±13.85 and post-test treatment 40.75±16.45 showed significant results with (p <0.01). Stork balance test scores pre 28.40±17.25 and post-treatment 38.85±14.543 also showed significant results with (p <0.01). Star excursion balance test right and left anterior, left medial, right and left lateral also showed significant results with (p <0.01). Star excursion balance test right medial pre and post-treatment showed insignificant results with (p-value =0.234). Conclusion: Although 6-week neuromuscular training program showed a significant improvement on single-limb stability in young female athletes. But without control or comparative group we cannot establish its gender specific effectiveness. Keywords: Neuromuscular training, static and dynamic balance, single limb stance test, stork balance stand test, star excursion test.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78425395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF MODERATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS","authors":"Anam Aftab, Zainab Qadri, Sumaiyah Obaid, Farwa Abid, Mirza Obaid Baig, Sarah Kafeel","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sedentary lifestyle cause obesity that can disturb body composition, metabolic profiles and insulin resistance which may then lead to ectopic fat in organs and thus leads to diabetes. Physical activity and life style modification was found to be very effective in reducing diabetes and its risk in adults. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of moderate physical activity on glycemic control in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: The participants with the age criteria of 35 years and above and non-insulin dependent type II diabetic mellitus were included in a study. A total of n=45 diabetic patient were assigned to three groups i.e. group 1 (brisk walk, n=16), Group 2 (aerobic training, n=16) and group 3 (resistance training, n=13). Each group performed these exercises for three months for five days a week, a total of 150 minutes per week. HbA1c test was used to determine the glucose level in blood. The data was presented in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, and mode. Depending on normality of the data, MANCOVA test was used for within group changes while paired sample T test was used for between group comparisons. Paired sample T test was used to determine correlation. Results: The mean age of n=45 study participants were 49.75 ±7.86 years. Between groups analysis showed that all groups significantly improved (p<0.001) regarding HBA1c level after 12 weeks intervention. However, no significant difference {F(2,39), p=0.117} was observed among the groups regarding HBA1c level after 12 week intervention. Conclusion: Moderate physical activity showed significant improvement on HbA1c levels. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate physical activity, HbA1c","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79955985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICACY OF DIGITAL MANIPULATION OF THYROID CARTILAGE, FLUENCY SHAPING THERAPY AND COMBINATION OF BOTH IN TREATMENT OF STUTTERING SEVERITY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL","authors":"N. Khan, Raheela Khatoon, H. Saleem, Humaira Shamim Kiani, R. Butt","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The stuttering is manifested by disruption in normal speech flow and fluency that also disturbs social and emotional wellbeing. There is immediate need of rehabilitation for the improvement of fluency and reduce the severity of stuttering.Objective:To compare the digital manipulation of thyroid cartilage (DMTC), fluency shaping therapy (FST) and combination of DMTC and FST for improving severity in stuttering patients. Material and Method: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine. The patients were enrolled through non-probability, convenient sampling technique. The participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups (n=10): DMTC group, FST group and combination of both. The Scale of Rating Severity of Stuttering (SRSS) was used to assess the severity level at baseline, 2ndweek, 4thweek, 8thweek and 12thweek of intervention.Results: The mean age of DMTC, FST and combination group was, 22.25 ±3.33 years, 21.65±3.36 and 21.35±3.76 years respectively. Friedman with post hoc test revealed significant improvement (p<0.05) in all groups but combination group had showed better outcome than single DMTC and FST intervention. A Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that there was no significant difference (p≥0.05) among DMTC, FST and Combination group from baseline to 8thweeks of training, but significant difference {X2(2) =5.897, p<0.014} was observed after 12thweek of training among the groups. The post hoc test showed that the combination group was more significantly improved as compared to DMTC group {MR=9.10 ver. MR=17.71, p=0.012} but not significant difference between difference between combination and FST group (p=0.317) as well as DMTC and FST group (p=0.619) regarding severity of stuttering. Conclusion: It is concluded that combination of digital manipulation of thyroid cartilage and fluency shaping therapy were more beneficial for improving fluency in stuttering patients. Key words:Digital manipulationtherapy,fluency shaping therapy, stammering, stuttering.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85050034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN PREGNANCY RELATED LOW BACK PAIN","authors":"M. Fuad, Zainab Hassan, H. Asim, Muzna Munir","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For a small but significant group, pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain may become persistent. While multiple factors may lead to post-partum disabilities’ such as kinesiphobia sleep disturbance, body perception or mindfulness. Objective: To explore the frequency of kinesiophobia in pregnancy related low back pain. Methodology: The Cross sectional study was conducted on n=97 pregnant women in 3rd trimester presenting to gynaecology outpatient department of Ghurki Trust and Teaching hospital from August 2016 to January 2017 were included in the study through non probability convenient sampling technique. All women were experiencing low back pain in their third trimester of pregnancy. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to determine pain whereas; the kinesiophobia was assessed by using Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK). The mean ± standard deviation, frequency and percentages were used for description of result. SPSS Ver. 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of n=97 pregnant women having low back pain was 29.45±5.87 years Results showed that, n=18(18.6%) patients represented high level of kinesiophobia while n=52 (53.6%) and n=27 (27.8%) had moderate and low levels of kinesiophobia respectively. The result also showed strong positive correlation between pain and level of kinesiophobia (rs=0.708, p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that all women those having low back pain in 3rd trimester also has kinesiophobia. The level of LBP highly contributes in kinesiophobia. Keywords: Kinesiophobia, lumbo pelvic pain, pregnant women, postpartum depression.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY VERSUS REPETITIVE FACILITATION EXERCISE ON UPPER LIMB FUNCTION IN POST STROKE PATIENT","authors":"Saba Karamat, Aruba Saeed, F. Khan, Aroosa Tariq","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.128","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effects of task-based mirror therapy and Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on upper limb function in post stroke patient. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Pakistan Railway general hospital, Rawalpindi. The duration of this study was from 10th July to 31st December 2019. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used with n=50 male and female subacute and chronic post-stroke patients between 40-50 years. The patients with Modified Ashworth Scale <3 and the first-ever stroke was included. The participants were randomly divided by the sealed envelope method into mirror therapy group (n=25) and Repetitive Facilitation Exercise group (n=25). The Upper extremity functional index (UEFI) was used to assess the functional impairment in individuals with upper limb dysfunction, Fugl Meyer (FMA-UE) for assessment of activity in post stroke patients, “Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) for upper extremity performance and functional capability” and Brunnstrom recovery scale (BRS) for motor function of the upper limb was used in a post stroke patient. All the patients were assessed at baseline than after 3 weeks and again after 6week for interventional session of 30 min,3 days of the week. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of Group A (MT) was 50.97±6.741 and 49.76±12.66 of Group B (RFE). After 6 weeks of intervention between groups analysis of Task-based mirror therapy showed significant improvement in mirror therapy group as compare to Repetitive Facilitation Exercise group ,for upper extremity functional index scores(p<0.001) but for motor assessment(FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and for stroke recovery (Brunnstrom) no statistically significant difference (p≥0.05) was found. Within-group analysis of both groups showed statistically significant results in all variables (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mirror therapy and Repetitive facilitation Exercise both were found to be effective in improving upper limb motor functions of acute stroke patients. However, Mirror therapy has shown significant effects in upper extremity functional index. Keywords: Mirror therapy, Physical therapy, Repetitive Facilitation Exercise, Stroke, Upper extremity.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91150791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE COMPARISON OF EASY ONSET AND PANTOMIMING TREATMENT ON BLOCKING IN STAMMERING","authors":"S. Imtiaz, M. Kiyani, Tehreem Ijaz","doi":"10.52567/trj.v6i02.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52567/trj.v6i02.119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stammering is a speech fluency disorder categorized by repetitions, prolongations and blocks that interrupt the normal flow and forward movement of speech. The Fluency shaping techniques including Easy Onset and Pantomiming treatment are commonly used techniques for the management of stuttering. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Pantomiming and easy onset method for the treatment of blocks in stammering in school aged children. Material & Method: A randomized control trial (NCT04813588) was conducted in hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The Convenient sampling technique was used for data collection from National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM). The sample size was n=16, randomly divided in Easy onset (n=8) and Pantomiming (n=8) through lottery method. The schools going children and adolescent between 6-18 years of both genders with mild to moderate stammering with blocking symptoms were included. The severity of stuttering was assessed with real time analysis of speech fluency. The data was analysed at the baseline and after three months of intervention. The non-parametric tests were applied for within and between group analyses. Results: The mean age of the participants was 10.38±5.290 years. A total n=11 were males and n=5 were females. When compared both groups, there was no significant difference between Easy onset and Pantomiming technique {MR=9 vs MR=8, U=28, p=0.535} in the management of stuttering after three months of intervention. Conclusion: The easy onset and pantomiming techniques are equally effective in improving the blocking in stuttering. Keywords: Blocks, easy onset, fluency shaping, pantomiming, speech therapy, stammering, stuttering","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88289340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}