American journal of public health research最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Crucial Importance of Ecological Balance: Bangladesh Perspective","authors":"Shakeel Mahmood","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-5-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-5-1","url":null,"abstract":"The world is currently experiencing a devastating pandemic of an infectious disease called coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. Many countries around the globe are now enforcing lockdowns to try to slow down the spread of the killer disease. Such restrictions and measures differ from country to country however usually involve cancelling public events, closing borders, closing schools and encouraging people to work from home. In Feb 2021, WHO said that there was still insufficient evidence to determine how the virus entered Wuhan, but that it was clear it was circulating elsewhere in Wuhan at the same time. In July 2020, an Oxford University expert believes that the novel coronavirus may not have originated from China, rather it stayed dormant across the world and turned up when the environment conditions were friendly for it to flourish. In 1999, Dr. M R Choudhury from Bangladesh indicated the infectious diseases are being controlled and are fading away has evidently been found to be incorrect. Further he maintained that it is quite obvious that microbes can strike us back whenever the delicate ecological balance is disturbed. Dr. Choudhury’s prediction in June 1999, Oxford Professor’s observation in July 2020 and recent WHO findings in Wuhan Feb 2021- all are similar. When the ecological balance is disturbed, humans must figure out a way to restore the ecological balance. It is crucial to eventually determine the origin. It will help us maintain ecological balance with future viruses.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74742127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Pineapple Extract (Ananas comosus (L.)) on Streptococcus Pneumococcus Growth","authors":"Sri Ujiani","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age, and causes death to 808,694 children in 2017. Based on the results of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007, shows that the national prevalence of URI: 25.5%, pneumonia morbidity in infants: 2.2%, underfives: 3%, 23.8% of infant mortality, and 15.5% under fives. The use of traditional medicine is a treatment that has been carried out from generation to generation and is part of the history of human culture. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as traditional medicine is pineapple (Ananas comosus (L)). Research on the effectiveness of pineapple extract has been conducted Ananas comosus (L.)) on the growth of Streptococcus pneumonia. This type of research is a pure laboratory experimental study in vitro. In this study, the inhibition and killing power of pineapple extract (Ananas comosus (L.)) against the growth of Streptococcus pneumonia at various concentrations of 0.5%; 1%; 2%; 4%; 8%; 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%; 70%; 80%; 90%; 100%. This research was conducted at the Lampung Province Health Laboratory Center which was carried out from June to November 2018. The results of the One-way Anova test analysis obtained a p-value=0,000 so that the p-value<0.05, which means that The concentration of pineapple extract tested had an effect on the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pneumococcus and the results of the Least Significance Different (LSD) or Post hoc LSD (p-value<0.05) showed that pineapple extract was effective in inhibiting and killing Streptococcus pneumococcus at a concentration of 8%.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87245672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine Confidence: Covid-19 Vaccine and Hepatitis B Vaccine Knowledge, Attitude and Belief among Health Science Students in a University in Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Nwangwu Chukwuemeka Chijoke, A. Chike, I. Eucharia, Ezema James Nnabuike, Chukwu Tochukwu","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Both hepatitis B and coronavirus vaccines are important requirement for all health science student because of their potential exposure to hepatitis B and coronavirus diseases during their clinical experience. Vaccine uptake has recently been affected by lack of confidence to their efficacy and safety. This attitude is vaccine dependent and understanding of the determinants will help to prevent vaccine hesitancy. This study was designed to compare the attitude of health science student toward hepatitis B vaccine and coronavirus vaccine. Method:  A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among students of one of the colleges of health sciences in Enugu Nigeria. The students comprised of medical students, medical laboratory students and nursing students who visit the hospital for their clinical postings and experiences. Three, two and two classes in the departments of medicine, medical laboratory science and nursing science respectively met the inclusion criteria for the study. They are six hundred and two students in the three departments of the college. Two classes were selected from the department of medicine and one class each from the department of medical laboratory science and nursing science respectively using simple random sampling method. A total of 303 (135; medicine students, 85; medical laboratory and 83; nursing students) students were in the selected classes and all of them participated in the study. The questionaries were distributed to all the students in the selected classes during their lectures. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and vaccine status, and beliefs concerning Hepatitis B vaccines and coronavirus vaccine. The questions on knowledge were adopted from related literatures while questions on attitude were adopted from Parental Attitude on Childhood Vaccine (PACV) questions and Global Vaccine Confidence (GVC) survey. The findings and scores were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic software for windows (SPSS statistical software V.21 (IBM Corp. 2019). Total of 11 responses were incomplete in either one or more questions and they were all removed bringing the total number of valid participants to 292. The age of the respondents was grouped, and the simple mean obtained. Scores on knowledge were calculated by scoring correct response as 1 and scoring incorrect as 0. All ‘I don’t know’ responses were regarded as negative answer. A score of less than 50% correct responses was regarded as ‘less than average’, and 50% or more correct responses was regarded as ‘above average’. The attitude of the students towards hepatitis B vaccine and coronavirus vaccine were compared using chi-square and the p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Out of 303 students, 292 responded to all the questions while 11 were incomplete. Two hundred and four participants (69.9) were females while 88(30.1) were males with the mean age of 22.6 SD 2.6. Th","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88509197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Diseases with Their Clinical Outcomes: Experience of 124 Cases in Bangladesh","authors":"Q. H. Ferdousi, Selim Reza, Rafia Akhter, Mahibun Nahar, Nawaz Mohsin Ismail Yousuf, Md Abdullah Yusuf","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The clinical outcomes are very important for different pattern of diseases among the hospital admitted patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the pattern of diseases with their clinical outcomes of hospital admitted patients in the medicine ward at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2003 to June 2003 over a period of 16 weeks. The study population comprised of all patients admitted in the selected Medicine wards during the study period irrespective of age and sex. All admitted patients in the selected wards irrespective of age and sex carefully screened out by examining the patients’ daily hospital records and discharge certificate at the time of their discharge. The different disease pattern of the admitted patients were recorded. Clinical outcome of diseases were categorized cured, referred or deceased. Result: A total number of 124 patients were recruited for this study. Various types of diseases were categorized into 8 groups. Out of 124 respondents 35 (28.2%) patients were suffering from Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases that topped the list followed by patients with cardiovascular diseases (21.8%). Majority (59.7%) were cured and 15.3% were found to be referred. One fourth of the patients admitted were deceased. Most of the patients (94.4%) had investigations done whereas only a small fraction (5.6%) did not under go any laboratory investigations. Conclusion: In conclusion most of the admitted patients in the medicine unit of hospital are suffering from gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases and majority are cured before discharge from the hospital.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79433921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospirosis and One Health Perspective","authors":"M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Wakuma Mitiku Bune","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-9","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonoses are primarily recognized as animal diseases that are transmitted to human beings through various routes. These diseases have a serious impact on public health as well as economy throughout the world. Leptospirosis is an emerging and re-emerging infectious zoonotic disease with global public health implications in terms of morbidity and mortality of humans and livestock. The disease can occur in sporadic as well as in epidemic forms. The source of infection is exogenous. Leptospirosis is a life threatening disease that causes 10.3 million cases and 58900 deaths each year worldwide. Rodents are considered the main reservoir of Leptospira. The contact of the skin with moist soil, water, and vegetation contaminated with urine of the infected animals and penetration of the organism to the skin, mucous membrane through abrasion, cut, and injury help in the transmission of the infection. Leptospirosis presents most important public health crisis that exists at the animals-humans-ecosystem interface. A strategic break in the relationship between the host-pathogen and their ecosystem could provide effective control of several possible zoonoses including leptospirosis. Global strategy to broaden interdisciplinary partnerships and coordination in all areas of health care for humans, livestock and the community is required.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74499094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mask Utilization: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Addis Ababa Dwellers on Usage of Different Masks in Combating COVID 19 Pandemic","authors":"T. Getahun","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"For the prevention of respiratory infection like the current pandemic COVID 19, face masks were considered as an effective method. To identify the gaps and immediate intervention of those gaps knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment of inhabitant on face mask utilization is very important to control the spread of the infection. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the dwellers knowledge, attitude, and practice of proper face mask utilization and associated factors at Kolfe Keranyo Subu City in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Across sectional study was conducted from 01/02/2021 to 10/03/2021 GC. The study covered 160 dwellers living in Kolfe Keranyo Sub City Woreda 08 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaire were used to collect information from inhabitant after getting consent from the study participants. The data were collected, entered in to Microsoft excel 2010 and analyzed using R. software version 4.0. The association between predictor and outcome variables was measured using a logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at p-value<0.05. The study showed that 72 (54%) of the respondents had Excellent knowledge, 136 (85%) had positive attitude and 160 (100%) of them had been practiced cloth face mask. All the 23 (14.4%) of respondents who had practiced N 95 face mask have excellent knowledge on its utilization. From those who use cloth face mask, 24 (15%) had negative attitude towards is use. Practically 52.5% of respondents had good practice on face mask utilization. According to the study, the knowledge level and attitude towards face mask utilization was relatively good, and the level of proper face mask utilization was also good. Consecutive training about a face mask and its proper utilization should be designed and given by the authorities to vulnerable peoples and to all the dwellers.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"402 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76464363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Tola Abera, Robert Wondimu, Z. Kaba","doi":"10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, it has been reported that 38% of people live in areas with iodine deficiency and are at risk of its complications. The main health concern of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is its negative effect on the brain and nervous system of unborn infants. Despite the national availability of iodized salt was 89%, adequate utilization of iodized salt is only 41.9%. Hence, this study was to assess utilization of iodized salt and factors associated among pregnant mothers in Kimbibit District. Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a total sample of 555 pregnant mothers. Single population proportion formula and Stat. calc software were used to calculate the required sample size. Data were collected using interview administered pretested questionnaire and iodized salt test kit. Collected data were entered using Epi info 7 and then exported to SPSS 20 for further analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe important variables and binary logistic regression was used to identify candidate independent variables. P< 0.05 was used for testing significance and AOR with 95%CI was used to identify the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. From the total respondents, 48.1% (95%CI: 44.1%, 52.1%) of them adequately use iodized salt. Mother with formal education (AOR, 2.46; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.56), urban residents (AOR, 1.80; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.93), purchasing from open markets (AOR, 0.35; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.50), storing at sun light (AOR, 0.24; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.45) and storing more than two months (AOR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.98) were independent factors significantly affect adequate utilization of iodized salt. Utilization of iodized salt was low compared to the standard. Mother’s education, residence, place of purchase, place of storage and duration of storage were independent factors which significantly affect adequate utilization.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81280405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women and HIV/AIDS in Low to Middle-income Countries","authors":"Shakeel Mahmood","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"The preliminary confusion that acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was a sickness of men, which can be recognized, possibly to historical misfortune [1]. The AIDS disease first categorized in the United States of America (USA), nevertheless, this deadly disease mainly contracted men [1]. However, from the beginning of the worldwide pandemic, it was visible that women were also susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS, and, within in a year, there were statistics to recommend that women were no less than as likely to become infected as men [2].","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"11 1","pages":"161-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84077485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Health Education in the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Salmonella among Primary School Children in Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon","authors":"Francis Shiynsa Kanjo, B. Tientche, Smith Asaah, H. Kamga","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"Mass drug administration is the cornerstone for the control of infection with intestinal parasites, but it does not prevent reinfection and is unlikely to interrupt transmission as a stand-alone intervention. The study, therefore, aimed to determine the role of health education in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) among primary school children in Douala, Cameroon. The study was intervention case-control, and prospective longitudinal, conducted in two primary schools in Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon. The study population consisted of 300 students for both sexes, enrolled from the 1st and 6th grade. For comparison, we used the independent sample t-test. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The prevalence of IPI has increased significantly (t=-2.606; P=0.01) in GBPS Ndobo (Control) 6 months after the first phase. The prevalence of intestinal parasites decreased significantly (t =4.093; P<0.0001) in GS Nkonjibe (Experimental) after the intervention. A significant difference in the prevalence of salmonella was found in GS Nkonjibe (Experimental arm) after the intervention (t=2.787; P=0.006). Ascaris lumbricoides was found to be predominant parasites to cause parasitic infection in both schools. The decrease in the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was observed to be associated (P=0.021) with the intervention in GS Nkonjibe (Experimental). Health education intervention increased school children knowledge of IPI that resulted in the reduction of the prevalence of IPI.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"1 1","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88779984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Smart Mobile Phone Usage Pattern, and It’s Dependence among Medical and Engineering Students at ANES Campus, Visakhapatnam, India","authors":"R. Naidu, A. De, K. Vijaya, G. S. Rao, J. S. S. Prabha, P. Kiran, A. Suresh","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"Modern days mobile phones have become an indispensable tool for communication. Recent literature shows the existence of co-morbidity between the use of smartphone, internet addiction, and psychiatric disorders. A study was conducted on the usage pattern and dependence on mobile phones among the students of professional colleges. A cross-sectional study among 100 medical & 100 engineering students, was conducted at Anil Neerukonda Educational Society (ANES), Visakhapatnam, India. Data were collected using a pre-designed & pre-tested questionnaire from October to November 2018. SAS-SV Scale was used to assess the mobile phone dependence. Collation of data was done using inferential statistical methods. Majority of respondents were females (52.5%) and in the age group of 19 years. Medical group included 32% males & 68% females and engineering group included 63% males & 37% females. 75% of students in both the groups were using mobile phone for a duration of 1-6 hours a day. While 32% students had addiction scale of more than 31 another 33% students were in the addiction scale range of between 22 and 30. An increased dependence of mobile phone usage among medical & engineering students had a negative effect on physical and mental health resulting in poor academic performance.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"5 1","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89378117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}