American journal of public health research最新文献

{"title":"Twenty Years of Deceased Organ Donation in Slovenia: Steps Towards Progress in Quality, Safety, and Effectiveness","authors":"D. Avsec, Jana Šimenc","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210903.13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes 20 years of the thriving evolution of the organ donation system in Slovenia. Even before the turn of the century, Slovenia was a pioneering country in South-East Europe in terms of the organizational, legislative, medical, and ethical development of donor and transplantation medicine. Real progress came in the year 2000 when the national donation and transplant competent organization the Slovenija-transplant (ST) institute was established, modern national legislation was introduced, and the country met the demanding entrance requirements to join Eurotransplant (ET), an international foundation for organ and tissue exchanges. Joining the ET led to improvements in numbers of organs procured from deceased donors, allowed better transplant treatment options for Slovenian patients (especially urgent, hyper sensibilized, etc.), reduced patient waiting lists, while the larger ‘pool’ of patients meant that a suitable match could be found for procured organs. Over the 20 years of deceased donation development, priorities have included assuring the quality, safety, and traceability of human organs, tissues, and cells within an efficient, transparent and ethical transplant system. Great attention has always been placed on frequent, open, transparent, and high-quality communication with the public. Entailing a retrospective study, the article presents analysis of key figures and quality indicators of the Slovenian deceased donation program for the period 2000–2019. Slovenia has stood out for its rate of consent for deceased donation (the 20-year average exceeds 75%), been a world leader in the number of heart transplants per million population (at around 11 heart transplants pmp), and has a consistent deceased donor rate (around 20–22 deceased donors pmp). In the challenging pandemic year of 2020, Slovenia once more demonstrated its quality and professionalism. It was one of the countries that best adapted to the crisis. With regular videoconferences on a daily/weekly basis that included professionals and the frequent alteration of safety protocols, the national deceased and transplantation programs were able to remain active and without drops in numbers. The quality of organs and safety for patients was not under threat. Statistics for 2020 show that even more deceased donors and transplantations were performed than in 2019. The article provides an example of good practice of adaptation of the world renowned “Spanish donation model” to suit a specific national context. The findings are useful and transferable to clinical settings in other smaller countries that still need to establish national organ and tissue donation programs. Unfortunately, in many countries around the world (even in Europe), transplant treatment is neither available nor accessible to many patients in need.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89746253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anemic Pupils Nutritional Status Fed with Recipes Based on Sweet Potatoes, Soya and Cowpea in Nawa Region, Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Agbo Adouko Edith Chiakoun, Bléyéré Nahounou Matthieu, A. Maurel, M. Souleymane, Bredou Atta Georges, B. Kouakou, D. Joseph, Kouamé Christophe","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"In underdeveloped countries a great number of school-age children suffered of malnutrition and anemia. This is due to a less diversified diet and had an impact on their intellectual capacities. A study was conducted in four schools in Nawa region of Cote d’Ivoire with the aim to evaluate the impact of selected foods on anemic children nutritional status. One meal was proposed by school: rice with tomato sauce and meat, sweet potatoes stew with soya, sweet potatoes stew with cowpea and sweet potatoes stew with soya and cowpea. A total of 75 children aged from 6 to 15 years old participate, and they ate the meals twice in a week for 3 months. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and blood sampling were taken at 3 periods: at the beginning, middle and end of the study. The results showed that hemoglobin values were under normal rate for all children except in Petit-Bondoukou and Takoreagui in period 1 (11.67 and 11.82 g/dl respectively). There was an increase of anemia prevalence from 18.18 % to 40.91 % for children who ate rice with tomato sauce and meat and from 43.75 % to 50.00 % for children who ate potatoes stew with cowpea. But there was a decrease of anemia rate from 61.54 % to 53.83 % for children who ate potatoes stew with soya. Nutritional status according to anthropometric measurement increased for children of Gnaboya and Petit-Bondoukou. Albumin (33.25 g/l) and orosomucoid (0.69 mg/l) value of children who ate tomato sauce and meat were lower in period 1 than that of children of the other villages. According to prognostic inflammatory nutritional index, children present a low malnutrition risk which varied between 7.69 to 43.75 %. Diet diversification should be applied for a long period to better appreciate their impact on nutritional and anemia status improvement.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"8 1","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90612471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust and Culture in Rural Research Design","authors":"L. Andrews, Joy A. Butcher-Winfree, M. Linz, T. Davies","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community isolation, poor economic conditions, intimate group structures and the natural terrain creates unique challenges in both the treatment and study of opioid use disorder (OUD). The maternal and neonatal consequences for OUD can be profoundly altered by co-occurring psychiatric conditions in the mother, a phenomenon that may be more profound in rural communities. Because of these unique issues, the level of direct interaction in a patient-centric rural research design is critical to the effectiveness of the study. Objective: We set out to test the hypothesis that maternal stress and psychological state has a prolonged developmental impact on prenatally exposed children in rural areas by reducing needed stimulation in the caretaking environment. The study quickly changed as we discovered the geographic isolation and health disparate nature of the community had an important implication for research design and data collection. Methods: We used a typical patient-centered study design method for an observational study in rural West Virginia. Results: Original concise designs created complications for participants leading to recruitment difficulties and poor retention. Patients were resistant to study participation related to culture and severe community health disparities that were not identified until the patient population became comfortable with the research team. Conclusion: Despite the cultural and genetic background similarities between patients in less isolated areas and the test site, the geographic isolation and health disparate nature of the community had a profound effect on the research design. The findings in this study suggest a reevaluation of approaches to conducting research in rural isolated areas.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80499370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Fibre and Energy Consumption as Predictors of Anthropometric Parameters in a Youthful Male Population: A Cross-sectional Study in Sissala East","authors":"S. B. Suara","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210902.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210902.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the significant role of fiber and energy consumption in the development of overweight and obesity, associations between these dietary measures and the prevalence of obesity in Ghana are lacking. Hence, the objective of the survey was to determine a relationship between fiber and energy and the odds of obesity among a young male population from Sissala East Municipal. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using a randomly recruited 406 young male population (aged 20–29 years) in Sissala Municipality. Data were collected in November and December 2020. Dietary fiber and energy were obtained from the West African Food composition tables. Quantities of food consumed were assessed by using a 24-hour dietary recall approach. The proxies for general obesity and abdominal obesity were body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Before data collection, permission was sought from the Municipal Health Directorate, and traditional heads in the communities. Results: In the unadjusted binary logistic regression models, the odds of general and abdominal obesity were significantly lower in the higher quartiles of dietary fiber, compared with quartile-one. Similarly, in the adjusted model, in which the effects of age, household size of the respondent, education, occupation, and marital were adjusted, there was still a significant inverse relationship between dietary fiber and the odds of general and abdominal obesity. Conversely, there was a significant positive association between dietary energy intake and the odds of general and abdominal obesity in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusion: From the findings, dietary fiber and energy were inversely and positively related to obesity [both general and abdominal], respectively. The intake of fiber rich diets might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity and ought to be promoted by the nutrition and health authorities.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72956556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-regional Variation of Complex Pregnancy Problems in Ethiopia","authors":"Endale Alemayehu, T. Tilahun","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210902.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210902.15","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse pregnancy outcome is a complex outcome of pregnancy other than the normal live birth. It lead to serious health consequences to the mother or the baby. It also can be still major public health and socioeconomic status problems in developing countries where most pregnancies are unplanned, complications. There is disparity of adverse pregnancy outcomes rate from region to region in Ethiopia. Objectives: The main objectives of the study were to identify the important determinant of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Ethiopia. With this study the multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the major risk factors and regional variations. Different stages of multilevel models like intercept model and slope model were employed to attain the goal of the study. The results indicated that out of 15683 reproductive age of women, 8412 (86.8%) not experiencing adverse pregnancy outcome while 1282 (13.2%) of women have experienced adverse pregnancy outcome at the time of the survey. From multilevel logistic regression, it was found that the random intercept model provided the best fit for the data under consideration. All the fitted models gave the same conclusion that, Age of mother, place of residence, antenatal care visit and delivery place, Parity, Education of mother, Marital status, Anemia level were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The random intercept multilevel model provided the best fit for the data under consideration. Furthermore, it is found that not having Antenatal care, residing in rural area, working occupational status, being anemic, increased educational level, never married, divorced, or separated marital status, being in age group of 15-24 or >35 years are associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83619882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vacuum Packaging on Chewiness of Kradi Cheese Stored at Different Temperatures","authors":"H. A. Punoo","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this study effect of vacuum packaging and storage time on chewiness of kradi cheese stored at 25°C, 5°C and -20°C for different periods was studied. It was observed that both vacuum packaging and storage time had an influence on chewiness of cheese. At 25°C storage temperature initial chewiness of 52.41 N.mm in vacuum packed samples decreased to 33.24 N.mm on 20th day whereas in normal packed samples it decreased to 23.11 N.mm on 15th day of storage. At 5°C of storage temperature, the initial chewiness of 52.41 N.mm in vacuum packed samples decreased to 17.21 N.mm till 16th week of storage while in normal packed samples it decreased to 17.45 N.mm till 14th week of storage. At -20°C decrease in chewiness was very slow as compared to refrigeration temperature. At -20°C chewiness of kradi cheese was better maintained than at refrigeration temperature of 5°C in vacuum packaging and the product can be stored for long time at -20°C in vacuum packaging. Chewiness decreased more in normal packed samples than vacuum packed samples. The vacuum packaging retarded chewiness changes in comparison to normal packaging. Vacuum packaging of kradi cheese exhibited possibility of preserving kradi cheese for longer time as compared to normal packaging.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75757874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-Five Years of the Partners in Policymaking® Leadership Institute: A Longitudinal Survey of Tennessee Alumni","authors":"B. Keisling, R. Deberry, Alexandra Marie Vohs","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHR.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHR.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"Partners in Policymaking® is a leadership and advocacy training program for adults with disabilities and family members of persons with disabilities. The Tennessee Council on Developmental Disabilities began implementing this intensive seven-weekend program in 1993. Objectives: The lasting influence of such a training program on the advocacy practices and leadership activities of graduates once they have completed the program has not been examined; this was the aim of the study. Methods: A follow-up survey seeking to quantify graduates’ current levels of advocacy, community involvement, accomplishments, and overall satisfaction with the training experience was created and sent to 361 graduates across a variety of formats; one hundred and thirty-five individuals completed the measure. Results: The findings suggest that program completion had a lasting impact on participants’ disability-related knowledge, advocacy, and self-assessed ability to create change in disability-related policy. Specifically, a majority of the graduates affirmed increases in leadership skills, leadership ability, and sense of empowerment. In addition, graduates reported increased feelings of connectedness to others with similar life experiences, with a majority even reporting increased quality of life due to participation. Conclusions: Use of a structured training program in leadership and advocacy to increase perceived self-efficacy in disability policy advocacy and leadership is supported. Graduates’ qualitative comments reveal enduring community activism and engagement in systems change, including statewide and national disability-related policy advocacy, years after completing the program.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77722217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Affiliated and Non-Affiliated Hospitals: DEA Based Analysis in Turkey","authors":"Dursun Balkan","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring and comparing efficiency of healthcare organizations is critical for improved and uninterrupted service quality. The main objective of the study is to compare technical efficiency between affiliated and non-affiliated hospitals of Turkey. Totally, 25 affiliated hospitals and 53 non-affiliated hospitals were analyzed using input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model under variable return to scale assumptions. There are six output variables and four input variables to evaluate hospitals efficiencies using with Ministry of Health (MoH) data from 2013 to 2017. The study results that, affiliated hospitals efficiency scores are higher than non-affiliated training and research hospitals. These results showed us the application of the affiliation system is successful in Turkey. Furthermore, this is the first study which has been performing whole affiliated and non-affiliated hospital efficiency measures together in Turkey and it offers an original contribution to literature with this direction.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"96 1","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80567581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Nutrition Education in School-age Children in the Prevention of Global Obesity Epidemic","authors":"O. Onur, G. Nomikos, N. Nomikos, Svirkaite A. Gerda, Gabriele A. Paleviciute","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The scientific field of nutrition education in schools is not expandly studied. METHODS: This research adopted the literature review of 17 studies about nutrition, healthy eating, and the relationship between students and teachers. RESULTS: In total 6 countries have been overviewed (Finland, Canada, Latin America's countries, Norway, France, and Japan) and Lithuania which is given as an example with very little information. Most subjects were children; however, there is information about youth, adolescents, and pre-school teachers. According to the data few studies showed beneficial and positive results about nutrition education which exists, but other studies defined negative information or no information about nutrition education only about outcomes from no nutritional education or bad influences around schools, like mobile vendors that increase obesity and bad nutritional habits in children. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education poses a crucial key role in all scales of education system in terms of the prevention of global obesity epidemic. Extended epidemiological surveys are needed for achieving updated scientific data.","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90296625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Getting Timely Coronary Catheterization of Patients with Acute Ischemic Heart Disease of Hospitals in Thailand","authors":"K. Vichairuangthum, Pisamai Jarujittipant, Kietchai Veerayannon","doi":"10.12691/AJPHR-9-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJPHR-9-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90785,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health research","volume":"1 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88155990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}