Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention最新文献

{"title":"PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE TO PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYAXIS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA","authors":"Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga Bello, O. Jegede, Norbertta Ekpen Anegbe, Goodman Olayinka","doi":"10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an element of biomedical interventions of HIV prevention. The level of protection is strongly correlated to PrEP drug adherence. In Nigeria, the prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) is 15.5%. The 2020 integrated biological and behavioral surveillance survey did not report on PrEP adherence among FSW. This study therefore assessed the level of adherence to PrEP and its predictors among FSW in South-Western Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: The study was cross sectional analytical in design and was conducted in 2021. Study population were brothel-based FSW at Gambari Ogbomoso and Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 156 FSW participated in the study. Data was collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.\u0000Results: One hundred and forty-nine properly completed questionnaires were analyzed. Ninety-nine respondents (66.4%) have been working for more than 5years as a FSW and 65(43.6%) had initiation of sex work before 18 years of age. Respondents’ sexual behavior showed that 55 (36.9%) of total respondents had consistent use of condom. One hundred and thirty-four respondents (89.9%) had good knowledge of PrEP, 97 (65.1%) had good attitude towards PrEP while 111 (74.5%) had good perception of risk of HIV infection. One hundred and thirty-two (88.6%) reported to be taking PrEP and 119 (79.9%) had good adherence to PrEP. Predictors of adherence to PrEP were educational status, age of commencement of sex work and monthly income. It was found that educated sex workers were 2.67 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.280-5.591, p=0.019). Those who commenced sex work after clocking 18 years of age were 75% times less likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=0.251, 95% CI=0.106-0.597, p=0.001) while those with average monthly income more than #10,000 were 1.65 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=1.65, 95% CI=0.674-4.042, p=0.0275.\u0000Discussion and Recommendation: The level of adherence to PrEP is considerably high and underscores a positive effect of the efforts of the Government of Nigeria in controlling HIV as a threat by 2030. Further studies would be useful to understand the behavioral factors associated with low adherence to PrEP among FSW who have spent more than 5 years in sex work.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Opportunities to Improve the Implementation of Patient Screening and Linkage to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Primary Care.","authors":"Carrie L Nacht, Jennifer K Felner, Sandhya Muthuramalingam, William Towner, Deborah Ling Grant, Alexander Martos, John M Chang, Rulin Hechter, Erik D Storholm","doi":"10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4371","DOIUrl":"10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV infection, only around 25% of at-risk individuals in the United States have accessed a prescription. One way to increase PrEP uptake is through the sexual health screening of patients and linkage to PrEP in primary care settings. The objective of this analysis was to assess the barriers and implementation strategies during a screening and linkage to PrEP pilot intervention. Primary care patients were screened for PrEP indication during routine primary care visits. Of the 1,225 individuals screened, 1.8% (n=22) were eligible for PrEP and from those, 77.3% (n=17) attended the specialist appointment and were prescribed PrEP. Primary care patients (n=30) and providers (n=8) then participated in semi-structured interviews assessing their experience with the pilot intervention. Using an applied thematic analytic approach, patients and providers identified barriers and related improvement strategies that could be classified into four main categories: <i>1) Financial Barriers: Individual- vs. Clinic-level Considerations 2) The Role of Stigma, Discomfort, and Cultural Factors 3) Logistical Hurdles and Streamlining the Intervention</i>, and <i>4) The Lack of PrEP Knowledge and the Need for Education</i>. Findings support the accepatability and feasibility of screening for PrEP in primary care along with appropriate implementation strategies. This study suggests that because of the high volume of patients seen in primary care, sexual health screenings and linkage to PrEP interventions have the potential to reduce new incident HIV infections among diverse sexual minority men.</p>","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10572105/pdf/nihms-1929607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention in Care, Loss to Follow-up and Associated Patient Characteristics: A Retrospective Cohort Study among Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy from Urban Health Facilities in Ghana","authors":"Obeng Raphael Kweku, Anto Berko Panyin, Attakorah Joseph, F. Ebenezer, Morgan O. Richard","doi":"10.36959/695/574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/695/574","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Assessing treatment outcomes among persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is important for clinical and public health decisions. Although Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Suntreso Government Hospital have offered ART to several patients for more than a decade, their treatment outcomes have not been well reported. We aimed at investigating retention in care, loss to follow-up, and patient characteristics associated with these outcomes among HIV-infected adults receiving ART from two urban treatment sites in the Ashanti Region of Ghana in order to design interventions to improve therapy outcomes. Materials and method: We conducted medical records review (MRR) from September to December 2020 among HIVinfected patients receiving ART from two urban ART sites in Kumasi, Ghana. Patients were eligible if they were adults aged ≥ 20-years and had taken ART for ≥ 3-years as of December 2019. Retention in care, loss to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality among our study patients were investigated from ART initiation up to 3-years. In this study, retention of patients in care was defined as actively attending clinic and picking ARVs within the follow-up period. Loss to follow-up was defined as having discontinued clinic attendance and ARVs pick-up for more than 90 days after the last scheduled visit. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study the treatment outcomes and their associated patient characteristics. Results: Of the 370 patients whose medical records were reviewed, 258 (69.7%) were female, 260 (70.3%) were retained in ART up to 3-years, 29.7% were lost to follow-up of whom 9.1% were confirmed dead. Overall mortality was therefore 2.7%. Being employed (AOR 2.55, p = 0.015, 95% CI 1.201-5.4.414), female (AOR 1.319, CI 95% 0.754-2.310), divorced (AOR 1.266, CI 95% 0.506-3.166) and having primary level of education (AOR 1.539, CI 95% 0.915-2.590) were associated with greater odds of being retained in care. Conclusion: Although mortality among our study cohort was low and bout 70% were retained in ART up to 3-years, loss to follow-up was high, especially within the first 6 months. Effective follow-up interventions are required to reduce LTFU during the first 6 months of treatment and among younger adults, patients with secondary and tertiary education as well as single and married patients who were less likely to be retained in care.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73607611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Loss to Follow-up in Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Centre Hospitalier Essos, Cameroon","authors":"Agbor Agbornkwai Nyenty, Vincent Asilaza Kinya, B. Ajong, Stanislas Ateh, Stephane MabounaAmatangana, Esa Ismaila, Cynthia Awa, Tchetnya Xavier, Ndulue Nwokedi Austin","doi":"10.36959/695/573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/695/573","url":null,"abstract":"HIV remains one of the major public health issues in Cameroon. Progress has been made in attaining the 90-90-90 according to the UNAIDS target, the Loss to follow-up (LTFU) remains a significant challenge to attain the second and third 90. There is a gap of information concerning assessing predictors and determinants of LTFU in the Cameroonian setting taking into consideration psychosocial, economic, cultural, financial, and treatment-related factors.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89277361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Infection in an HIV-Positive Patient","authors":"Caskurlu Hulya","doi":"10.36959/695/571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/695/571","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects all age groups but follows a more mortal trajectory in patients with preexisting conditions such as immune deficiency, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Hence, HIV-positive patients with immune deficiency are at risk, therefore, these patients need to have continuous access to treatment during the pandemic. The number of defined COVID-19 positive HIV patients is very limited even though there are approximately 37.9 million HIV-positive patients globally. Therefore, we decided to publish this study reporting an HIV patient treated for COVID-19 in our clinic.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73618440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Adherence: A Systematic Review of Text Messaging in HIV Treatment","authors":"Sparks Whitney B., March Alice L.","doi":"10.36959/695/569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/695/569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74074009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Attack Risk in 21 Century: An Overview","authors":"Alsayed Raghda, J. Sara, H. A. Wedad, H. Mohammed, R. Rasha, Y. Emad","doi":"10.36959/695/570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/695/570","url":null,"abstract":"Consistently human has assaulted by animals that don't see by eyes pulverizing immense quantities of mankind and making organization and scientists prepared and attempting to stand up to it and find something to shield from it. The development of SARS-CoV-2, since the extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory disorder coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, denoted the third presentation of an exceptionally pathogenic and enormous scope plague coronavirus into the human populace in the twenty-first century. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients incorporate fever, hack, exhaustion and a little populace of patients seemed gastrointestinal contamination side effects. The older and individuals with basic illnesses are vulnerable to contamination and inclined to genuine results. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) authoritatively proclaimed the COVID-19 pandemic as a general health emergency of global concern.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90801169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virological Suppression among HIV Infected Adolescents and Youths Receiving ART in the National Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya","authors":"Kangethe James Mburu, Nduati Peter Muiruri, Mutai Kenneth Kipyegon, Komu James Gitau, Nzivo Miriam Mbithe, Mumba SerahAtse, Gachuno Onesmus Wairumbi","doi":"10.36959/695/567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/695/567","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a cross-sectional study among adolescents and youths aged 10 to 24-years in Kenyatta National Hospital who were on ART for at least six months. Patient characteristics were captured in a questionnaire. Viral suppression was presented as a proportion based on viral load less than 1000 copies per milliliter of plasma. Viral suppression rate was associated with categorical independent factors using chi square test and means were compared using independent T-test.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81251324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Docking Studies of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Integrase with Phytocompounds of Carissa Carandas L.","authors":"Reetika Singh, A. Nath, B. Sharma","doi":"10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-19-2847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-19-2847","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Carissa carandas L. is a well-known wild fruit plant distributed through-out the India and also present in other countries. The fruits are rich in nutrients and minerals. A number of medicinally important phytochemicals such as carrisone, carindone, carandinol, lupeol, scopoletin, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, myo-inositol, β-amyrin, Des-n-methylnoracronycine etc. have been reported from the extract of this plant. Being safe and cost effective molecules, the activity of phytochemicals against HIV-1 enzymes needs to be screened.\u0000\u0000Objective\u0000The aim of this study was to screen the potent phytocompound of C. carandas against human immunodeficiency virus-1 using docking method.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Total nine compounds viz. carandinol, caridone, carrisone, lupeol, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, rutin, scopoletin and ursolic acid were used for in-silico study towards drug development against human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1RT; PDB ID: 1REV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease (PDB ID:1EBY) using Autodock software.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The qualitative characterization of the extracts showed the presence of a number of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terepnoids, terpenes, steroids, glycosides etc. Carandinol was observed as most effective anti-HIV-1 molecule having lowest binding energy and small inhibition coefficient. Another compound, p-coumaric acid, showed least effectiveness against human immunodeficiency virus- 1 reverse transcriptase or human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease showing highest binding energy and inhibition coefficients among all the evaluated phytocompounds.\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The in-silico study demonstrated that some phytoconstituents of C. carandas exhibit potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus -1 activity and hence can be optimized to develop as a drug candidate in future.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46280696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hiv Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Ajiko Medical Clinic, Damaturu, Nigeria","authors":"Sabina Khanam","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2324-7339.JCRHAP-19-2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2324-7339.JCRHAP-19-2746","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency viruses causes HIV infection in humans belongs to two species of Lentivirus. It damages the cells of immune system which leads to weak immune system and the ability to fight from infections and diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of HIV infection among pregnant women of different age groups attending Ajiko medical clinic, Damaturu, Nigeria. The prevalence rate was maximum (12.5%) in 36-45 age group and minimum (5%) in 26-35 age group but their was no HIV infection in 15-25 age group. The overall prevalence rate among pregnant women was 4%. General knowledge , training and campaigns of HIV prevention need to be tailored towards older women of age group 36-45 because of high prevalence rate.","PeriodicalId":90584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research in HIV AIDS and prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}