Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Inaccurate Examination of Neck Lump as Regional Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children: A Case Report","authors":"Hendry Irawan, P. Adiputra","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2665","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malignancy of the thyroid in children was a rare finding and the most pathological finding was papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid carcinoma in children can present with neck lumps or enlarged neck lymph nodes. However, enlarged neck lymph nodes can be a mark of disruption immune system or lymph nodes’ malignancy or metastases from another organ. Case: An eight-year-old girl came to surgical oncology policlinic Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah general hospital with a tumor on her right neck below the ear lobe and a scar from surgery on her right neck. Previously, she was done surgery on the right neck lump without cytomorphological examination at a regional hospital and it was a papillary thyroid carcinoma. She was referred to Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah general hospital. She had done total thyroidectomy and right radical neck dissection with sternocleidomastoid muscle removal. The pathological examination was papillary thyroid carcinoma with four metastasis lymph nodes from nine lymph nodes. She had done radioactive iodine and take levothyroxine daily for hormonal suppression. After radioactive iodine therapy, she did not have any malignancy in the surgical field. Conclusion: In children, enlarged neck lymph nodes must be considered as a metastasis lesion of the thyroid. Although thyroid carcinoma is rare in children, we can do fine needle aspiration biopsy to evaluate the origin of enlargement. It can reduce the increase in cancer staging and the risk of metastasis.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89687378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wijs, Potassium Iodate, and AOCS Official Method to Determine the Iodine Value (IV) of Fat and Oil","authors":"Akash Samanta, Nupur Kataria, K. Dobhal, N. Joshi, M.P Singh, Shalu Verma, Jyotsana Suyal, V. Jakhmola","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2700","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acid, present in edible oil, is a key constituent in our diet. The iodine number is a measure of the amount of unsaturated fatty acid in fat and oil. Iodine is a trace element that is required by humans for normal biological function. The iodine value (IV) of four edible oils was determined in this study: castor oil, peppermint oil, almond oil, and coconut oil. Iodine is a wonderful reagent for converting the unsaturation into the saturation of fat and oil. The purported technique offered a reliable and rapid determination of IV. The Wijs, or iodine monochloride, potassium iodate, and American Oil Chemists' Society's (AOCS) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are all used to determine IV. Both Wijs and potassium iodate are iodometry-based titrations, whereas the AOCS method is applied through FT-IR. C=C stretching in the range of 1635.48cm-1-1652.77 cm-1, C=O band in the range of 1744.23 cm-1- 1747.49 cm-1, C-H stretching in the range of 2923.9 cm-1- 2925.85 cm-1, O-H stretching in the range of 3448 cm-1- 3472 cm-1 were observed in different dilution for identification of unsaturated fatty acid in numerous oils through FT-IR. All methods are satisfactory; meanwhile, the potassium iodate method is safer than the Wijs method experimentally and more economical than the AOCS method. IV for castor oil, peppermint oil, almond oil, and coconut oil were computed at 84.67 I2/100g,5.56 I2/100gm,99.09 I2/100gm,8.21 I2/100gm along with the deviation by three methods.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82037852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Assess the Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Tapentadol Versus Tramadol in Outpatients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Low Back Pain at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India","authors":"S. Naveen, P. Elango, R. S","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2685","url":null,"abstract":"Low back pain is a very common musculoskeletal symptom with multifactorial aetiology. Aims and objectives: Our study aimed at comparing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tapentadol versus tramadol in out-patients with moderate to severe chronic low back pain. Fifty-two patients with a diagnosis of chronic low back pain for > 3 months were randomly assigned to receive either a 50 mg tablet of tapentadol (twice daily) or 50 mg tablet of tramadol (twice daily) for 1 week. The mean (±SD) difference in the reduction of pain (at end of 1 week) between the two groups was compared employing an independent student t-test for difference in mean values separately for the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) scores. The frequency of the different adverse events between the two groups was compared employing Chi-square test. Except for VAS scores, the baseline demographic parameters of the two groups were comparable. The study found that tapentadol reduced VAS and RMDQ scores more than tramadol (statistically significant p<0.001) between baseline and the end of week 1. Regarding safety and tolerability, the tapentadol group experienced nausea/vomiting and dizziness/somnolence more frequently than the tramadol group, with p-values of 0.011 and 0.001 respectively. Both groups experienced similar rates of headache and constipation, with p-values of 0.668 and 0.610, respectively. When compared to tramadol (50 mg twice daily), tapentadol (50mg twice daily) was found to significantly improve pain and disability in patients with moderate to severe chronic low back pain, while tapentadol had greater frequencies of side effects like nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and somnolence.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76095825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celery Ethanol Extract Prevents Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Increasing Nitrite Oxide and Superoxide Dismutase","authors":"Afifah A, Khusnul Muflikhah, E. Sutrisna, Fajar Wahyu Pribadi, Lantip Rujito, Tzania el Izz Avinda, Ahmad Musafi Hasan, Kresna Mukti, Dias Rudi Haryadi","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2686","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the health problems. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes to pathological conditions of AKI. An imbalance between renal vasoconstriction and vasodilatation mediators was played a role in IRI and its chronic complications. Stress oxidative and inflammation were major pathomechanism of IRI. Administration of celery ethanol extract is one of the efforts to prevent kidney damage caused by IRI. This study aimed to investigate the time effect of celery ethanol extract administration on inhibition of kidney IRI. Methods: Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats with a weight range of 190-210 g were selected for the study. The rats were divided into five groups randomly: sham operation (SO, n=4) group, IRI group (ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4), IRI+S7 (celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW 7 days orally+ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4), IRI+S14 (celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW 14 days orally+ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4), IRI+S28 (celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW 28 days orally+ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4). Serum samples were collected for creatinine serum, NO, SOD, and TNF-α measurement. mRNA expression of ET-1 and ETAR was quantified using reverse transcriptase-PCR. Result: Serum creatinine, NO, and SOD level in rats with celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW for 7 and 14 days administration before IRI induction lower than IRI group (p<0.05) and increase in 28 days administration. Meanwhile, the TNF-α level, ET-1, and ETAR gen expression lower than the IRI group but not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Administration of celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW for 7 days and 14 days prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via increasing NO and SOD. Administration more than 28 days is not recommended.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75216136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and Biological Profiling of Three Ferulic Acids Alkyl Esters Isolated from Jatropha pandurifolia (Family: Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark.","authors":"N. Jahan, K. Shaari, S. Islam, A. Azam, F. Zohora, M. Ahsan","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2664","url":null,"abstract":"The study's objectives include phytochemical profiling and biological (antioxidant, thrombolytic and cytotoxic) analysis of pure chemicals from Jatropha pandurifolia stem bark ethyl acetate extract. Five different compounds including octacosanyl cis ferulate (1), hexacosyl (E)-ferulate (2) triacontyl ferulate (3), β-sitosterol (4) and stigmasterol (5) are elucidated. Their structures determine through 1HNMR analysis and comparison to published data, while three ferulic acid alkyl esters (1-3) were isolated for the first time from J. pandurifolia. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 all have significant thrombolytic potential with respective values of 68.92% ±1.17 (**P<0.01), 66.56% ±2.35 (**P<0.01) and 70.81%±0.98 (**P<0.01) with comparison to standard streptokinase (73.6%±0.76). When compared to BHT (6.82± 0.99 μg/ml) the IC50 (DPPH assay) values were 16.26±1.07 (**P<0.01), 14.12±1.23 (**P<0.01), and 13.16±1.70 μg/ml (**P<0.01). Comparing the three compounds to the reference vincristine sulphate (LC50: 0.52±0.18 μg/ml), of compound 1 (1.56±0.35 μg/ml) (**P<0.01), compound 2 (1.3±0.78 μg/ml) (**P<0.01) and compound 3 (1.29±0.33 μg/ml) (**P<0.01). The results can therefore be interpreted as a concept of isolated molecules having potential for application in additional pharmaceutical research.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72750864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization","authors":"Gokila. Shanmuganathan, Anandhi. D, R. K, V. Subban, A. Mullasari, S. Kumaran, Chitrashree. V, Harini Anandan","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2694","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism are independently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity with poor percutaneous revascularization outcomes. However, the influence of Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hypothyroidism on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been evaluated. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the clinical outcomes of CAD patients with T2DM and hypothyroidism undergoing PCI. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent PCI from September 2020 to March 2021 at our institution were enrolled in the study. Patients were categorized into four groups: Group I-Patients with euglycemia and euthyroid, Group II- patients with T2DM and euthyroid, Group III- patients with hypothyroidism and euglycemic, and Group IV- Patients with T2DM and hypothyroidism. Baseline demographics, laboratory investigations, procedural details, and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events were assessed. The continuous and normally distributed data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and were analysed using ANOVA. Categorical data were presented as the frequency with percentages and analysed using the Chi-square test. Result: In the total of 605 patients, 36% (n=220), 54% (n=325), 3% (n=19), and 7% (n=41) were in Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV respectively. The mean age of the population was 56.1 ± 11.6 vs 59.6 ± 9.8 vs 60.4 ± 9.9 vs 56.9 ± 12.1 (p = 0.002). Males were predominant 89.5% (n=197) in Group I and females were predominant 47.4% (n=9) in Group III. The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia were high in Group II and Group IV respectively. Higher triglyceride levels (159.6 ± 109.6 Vs 166.2 ± 83.2 Vs 136.7 ± 72.3 Vs 222.2 ± 161.9, p = 0.03) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) levels (6.2 ± 1.2 Vs 8.5 ± 1.9 Vs 6.6 ± 2.1 Vs 9.2 ± 1.8, p<0.001) were noted in Group IV. Single vessel disease was high (59.1% Vs 45.5% Vs 57.8% Vs 48.7%, p=0.02) among Group I patients whereas left anterior descending (LAD) artery involvement was more in Group IV (64.5% Vs 57.8% Vs 36.8% Vs 70.7%, p=0.03) and in-stent restenosis was high among Group III (0.9% Vs 3.7% Vs 10.5%, p=0.02). Incidence of bleeding was high in Group III (0.5% Vs 1.2% Vs 10.5%, p= 0.001). There was no significant difference in In-hospital mortality between groups. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM and hypothyroidism had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, HbA1C and more LAD involvement but there was no significant difference in in- hospital mortality.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renoprotective Effects of Anthocyanins Against Uric AcidInstigated Injury: Mini Review with a Special Emphasis on Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Anthocyanins","authors":"A. Mahendra, Made Jawi, N. Astawa, P. Astawa, Wayan Putu Sutirta-Yasa","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2645","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are ubiquitous phytoconstituents found in a wide array of natural products. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important source of anthocyanins, a group of flavonoids with various medicinal benefits. One of the medicinal benefits of anthocyanins is their protection against the detrimental effects of stressors such as uric acid. On the other hand, hyperuricemia and its associated effects are considered significant challenges in human health. Since kidneys are essential organs in uric acid handling and uric acid is associated with kidney disease, this review focuses on re-appraising the role of purple sweet potato anthocyanins as renoprotectors against uric acid-related pathobiology. Future studies regarding the potential of these anthocyanins as renoprotectors are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85181679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derangement in Homeostasis of Neutrophil Elastase and its Inhibitory Systems in Ischemic Stroke Patients","authors":"Mamatha Kunder, A. Kutty, V. Lakshmaiah","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2669","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophils are the first to infiltrate ischemic brain regions causing the release of Neutrophil Elastase (NE), a pro-inflammatory proteinase. The activity of NE is well regulated by endogenous inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and alpha2-macroglobulin (α2-MG). The physiological balance of elastase and anti-elastase factors is essential to maintain the normal integrity of tissues and an imbalance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to determine the plasma levels of NE, α1-AT, α2-MG, and NE–α1-AT complex to evaluate their role in inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke. The effect of homocysteine on the release of elastase from neutrophils was also studied. The study involved a total of 100 subjects (controls =60 and patients=40). Significantly higher mean elastase activity and lower α1-AT levels were observed in ischemic stroke patients than in controls. NE- α1-AT complex and α2-MG levels were significantly increased in the patient group. The in vitro study indicated homocysteine induced release of elastase from neutrophils. In conclusion, homeostasis of NE and its endogenous inhibitors is deranged in patients suggestive of their role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke through exacerbating inflammatory and coagulation processes.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87050335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Diabetes: A Review","authors":"Abdelhaq Barbach, A. Chenguiti, Yahya Charrah, A. Barkat","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2649","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes (GD) is a disorder of glucose tolerance resulting in hyperglycemia first diagnosed during pregnancy. Its worldwide prevalence is estimated at 14% but varies regionally. In 2008, new diagnostic criteria were adopted, leading to an increase in diagnosed cases. Biomarkers could potentially serve as an alternative to the current diagnostic criteria in the future, enabling the realization of a universally applicable GD screening program. Risk factors associated with GD encompass a range of factors, including epigenetic factors, inadequate vitamin D levels, family history of diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, fetal death, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and advanced maternal age. GD can have consequences for maternal health, increasing the risk of hypertensive disorders, premature labor, cesarean delivery, metabolic disorders, and later type 2 diabetes. In children, it may be associated with macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, respiratory insufficiency, and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care. Offspring born to mothers with GD face heightened susceptibility to childhood and adult obesity, alongside elevated cardiometabolic risk. The consequences and risk factors of GD are not fully understood to this day. Therefore, Additional research is warranted to gain a deeper comprehension of the pathophysiology underlying the disease and to ascertain efficacious preventive and therapeutic approaches. Nutritional therapy is often sufficient to achieve normoglycemia objectives. An individualized nutritional program is recommended, providing the necessary nutrients to promote maternal and infant health, attain optimal gestational weight gain and uphold glycemic regulation. However, in some cases, additional antidiabetic therapy is necessary. Insulin remains the most commonly used treatment, but metformin may be a safe and effective alternative. This still needs to be validated by in-depth studies leading to better evaluation of its long-term effects on offspring.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84408551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between Maternal Blood Glucose and Fetal Cord Insulin Level Among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Women","authors":"C. S. Brethis, R. Hemalathaa, R. Rajendiran, S. A., Navneeth P, Amalnath A","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2689","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mothers are at high risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM), and cardiovascular complications later in life. So, screening maternal blood glucose during pregnancy and identifying high-risk infants immediately after birth is necessary to prevent the potential long-term implications. Aim: To correlate the maternal fasting and post-prandial blood glucose withfetal insulin level. Materials and methods:A case-control study, was conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, India, between May 2019 to May 2020. A 75-gram OGTT was performed among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy for diagnosing GDM according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. 94 GDM mothers and Non-GDM mothers and theirnew-bornswere taken up for this study. 2.5ml of maternal venous blood was collected in a vacutainer containing sodium fluoride and EDTA as an anticoagulant for FBS and PPBS estimation. Some mothers on induction of labor were posted for emergency LSCS (for failed induction and non - progression of labor) and some had normal vaginal deliveries. Plasma FBS and PPBS estimation in the mother’s blood sample was assayed by the Hexokinase method in Siemen'sDimension RxLMachine immediately after centrifugation. 2.5ml of umbilical cord blood was collected in a vacutainer without an anticoagulant after the 2nd stage of labor. 0.5 ml of cord blood serum was separated and stored at -80°C in an eppendorf for later estimation of insulin by CLIA method in Beckman Coulter – Access 2 Immunoassay System. Independent students’ t-tests and Pearson’s correlation were used as statistical methods. p-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results: There is a positive correlation and significant difference between maternal FBS, PPBS, and fetal insulin levels in the GDM group (p-value 0.008, r-value 0.272 and p-value 0.005, r-value 0.286) compared to the Non-GDM group (p-value -0.087, r-value 0.243 and p-value 0.018, r-value 0.212). Conclusion: Significant hyperinsulinemia was noted in the offspring of the GDM group compared to the NON-GDM group.Those hyper-insulinemic babies are at very high risk of developing obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 DM in the future and possess a threat to society.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89193916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}