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Biclausal vs. monoclausal focus constructions in Tilapa Otomi Tilapa Otomi的双句焦点结构与单句焦点结构
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201007
E. Palancar
{"title":"Biclausal vs. monoclausal focus constructions in Tilapa Otomi","authors":"E. Palancar","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper tackles issues that involve distinguishing clefts from other monoclausal focus constructions when describing the syntax of lesser-known languages. I concentrate on Tilapa Otomi, which is, morphologically speaking, the most conservative language of the Otomi family from Mexico (Oto-Pamean; Oto-Manguean). I propose that Tilapa Otomi has (at least) two specialized focus constructions: one that is a biclausal, and which I analyze as a cleft construction, and another that is monoclausal, and it is thus not a cleft but which could be superficially mistaken to be a cleft with a zero copula. I use various syntactic tests to distinguish both constructions, which mainly involve word order and negation.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45594185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Présentation générale 一般介绍
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201001
Enrique L. Palancar, M. Vanhove
{"title":"Présentation générale","authors":"Enrique L. Palancar, M. Vanhove","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201001","url":null,"abstract":"Il existe de nombreux types de constructions clivées, mais plus généralement, quand on pense aux clivées, les exemples qui viennent à l’esprit sont ceux de la construction dite « it-cleft » en anglais, comme it’s our work that is important ou la clivée en français c’est moi qui suis venu. L’anglais en présente d’autres types connus sous les termes malheureux de « pseudoclefts » et « inversed pseudo-cleft », comme par exemple what is important is our work ou our work is what is important. De fait, il y a autant de définitions des clivées que de types de clivées. La définition de Lambrecht nous semble particulièrement englobante :","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43232610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From a corpus-based to a corpus-driven definition of clefts in Kabyle (Berber): Morphosyntax and prosody 从基于语料库到语料库驱动的Kabyle（柏柏尔语）裂缝定义：形态句法和韵律
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201010
Amina Mettouchi
{"title":"From a corpus-based to a corpus-driven definition of clefts in Kabyle (Berber): Morphosyntax and prosody","authors":"Amina Mettouchi","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Prosody is often conceived of as an important but surface realization of morphosyntactic constructions that are otherwise deemed complete. This paper challenges that view of prosody as a disambiguating, highlighting or scope-marking device, and provides evidence for the inclusion of prosody as a core formal means for the coding of cleft constructions in Kabyle, in interaction with morphosyntax. The demonstration is conducted through the recursive analysis of an annotated corpus of spontaneous data, and results in a precise formal definition of Kabyle clefts constructions, whose function is shown to be the marking of narrow focus.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The syntax and prosody of focus in Northern Amis (Formosan) 北阿美族(台湾)的焦点句法与韵律
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201004
I. Bril, S. Skopeteas
{"title":"The syntax and prosody of focus in Northern Amis (Formosan)","authors":"I. Bril, S. Skopeteas","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article outlines the strategies for expressing focus in Northern Amis (Formosan). Three types of focus constructions are examined: cleft constructions, focus markers and emphatic lengthening. Focus by clefting is subject to the well-known nominative-only constraint on extraction and relativization found in Formosan and Philippine type languages (Keenan & Comrie 1977), such that a clefted constituent must be the syntactic pivot of the verb in the relative clause containing the presupposition, and its semantic role is co-indexed by the appropriate voice marker on the verb. The other strategies of focus marking do not involve any syntactic restructuring; the focus markers determine the focus domain by their placement on the right side of the focus, while emphatic lengthening is merely a prosodic device locally marking the focused entity. The prosodic examination of these constructions reveals that narrow focus is signaled by a sharp rise, that is aligned with the onset of the stressed syllable of the focus and is optionally accompanied by postfocal de-accenting. These prosodic properties apply to all focus constructions.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42371219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Clefting and nominal predication: Two focus-marking constructions in Movima 割裂与标称谓语:Movima中的两种焦点标记结构
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201006
K. Haude
{"title":"Clefting and nominal predication: Two focus-marking constructions in Movima","authors":"K. Haude","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Movima (isolate, Bolivia) has two focus constructions that superficially look very similar. One is a simple clause with a noun in predicate position and a verb placed inside the argument phrase. Its pragmatically marked status stems from the inversion of the prototypical association of lexical and pragmatic categories. In the other construction, the predicative noun is additionally preceded by a free pronoun. This construction is a cleft, the pronoun and noun together constituting an equational matrix clause. The two constructions also differ in function: the simple clause with a nominal predicate is a simple predication, while the cleft is a specificational sentence.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cleft constructions and focus strategies in Modern Armenian 现代亚美尼亚语的裂隙结构与聚焦策略
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201005
Victoria Khurshudyan, Anaïd Donabédian
{"title":"Cleft constructions and focus strategies in Modern Armenian","authors":"Victoria Khurshudyan, Anaïd Donabédian","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Cleft constructions are one of the possible focus strategies available in Modern Armenian alongside prosody and specific syntactic constructions. Cleft constructions in Modern Armenian are biclausal constructions with a matrix clause and a relative-like clause, with an identificational clause as a matrix clause headed by a copula (in present or past), while in the relative-like clause introduced by the main subordinator, the relativized argument is coindexed with the argument of the copula. Though typologically cleft constructions are considered typical of languages with rigid word order, they are common in Modern Armenian, a language with flexible word order. It is argued that the intensity of focalization depends on the strategy used, with simple prosody marking associated with the lowest level of intensity, and preverbal position and clefts associated with intermediate and high-intensity focalization respectively. The corpus-based data show an unequal distribution of clefted pronouns as predicate clefts (impersonal with no agreement) and subject clefts (copular verb coindexed with personal pronouns as a subject) depending on the person and the polarity. The existence of cleft-like constructions in Classical Armenian and both Modern Armenian standards is argued to be evidence of diachronic continuity and a possible grammaticalization path from cleft constructions to the auxiliary movement focus strategy.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44545036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The grammaticalization of term focus structures in Chadic languages: A case of microvariation 乍得语中术语焦点结构的语法化:一个微变化的例子
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201003
Katharina Hartmann
{"title":"The grammaticalization of term focus structures in Chadic languages: A case of microvariation","authors":"Katharina Hartmann","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper argues that the Chadic languages Bura, South Marghi, Hausa, and Guruntum show different stages of the assumed grammaticalization path from bi-clausal cleft structures to mono-clausal constructions for the expression of term focus. This development is characterized by several syntactic and semantic changes, i.e. the reinterpretation of the cleft copula into a focus marker, the loss of the exhaustive inference typically associated with clefts, as well as the loss of syntactic indicators of embedded structures. Based on a microvariational comparison of the four languages, the paper hypothesizes that clefts are diachronically abandoned in favour of mono-clausal focus structures.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A corpus-based description of cleft constructions in Persian 基于语料库的波斯语裂缝结构描述
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201009
Pegah Faghiri, P. Samvelian
{"title":"A corpus-based description of cleft constructions in Persian","authors":"Pegah Faghiri, P. Samvelian","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents a corpus-based description of cleft constructions in Persian showing that they display more diversity and complexity than currently described in the literature. Previous studies have only focused on constructions that echo one of the three main classes of clefts (IT-clefts, pseudoclefts and reversed pseudoclefts), and generally use Persian data in parallel to their English counterparts in order to contribute to the ongoing theoretical debates on the analysis of clefts. In order to achieve a more accurate picture of Persian clefts, we annotated and studied cleft and cleft-like sentences in a sample of about 550 relative clauses extracted from a journalistic corpus. Our study revealed new categories of cleft constructions that have not been reported previously; in particular, the lexically headed pseudoclefts whose usage is straightforwardly linked to the abundance of noun-verb light verb constructions in Persian. Moreover, we take issue with some claims made in prior work on the nature of the demonstrative in Persian IT-clefts based on empirical arguments.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43880938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Specification predication: Unexpectedness and cleft constructions in Tagalog 规范预测：他加禄语中的意外和裂缝结构
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201011
A. Latrouite
{"title":"Specification predication: Unexpectedness and cleft constructions in Tagalog","authors":"A. Latrouite","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000English exhibits a large number of cleft constructions. Out of these constructions, the English it-cleft construction, which may express more than one information-structural packaging (Declerck 1988), is often taken to translate syntactically rather different constructions in other languages. In this paper, I will explore the morphosyntactic make-up and functional range of a construction in Tagalog that is often equated with, or translated by, but vastly more frequent, than the English it-cleft in our corpus. In a first step, the notion of cleft construction will be reviewed and critically investigated with respect to how appropriate it is for a language like Tagalog. In a second step, the discourse function of the ang-inversion construction in contrast to the English cleft constructions is explored on the basis of examples taken from the Tagalog version of the trilogy The Hunger Games Trilogy (Collins, 2008-2010; translated into Tagalog by Janis de los Reyes, 2012). A crucial goal is to gain a better understanding of those cases, in which the Tagalog ang-construction is used, but the English cleft construction is ruled out or at least dispreferred.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45589287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Remarks on the grammaticalization of identificational clefts 辨析裂隙的语法化问题述评
Faits de langues Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1163/19589514-05201002
Denis Creissels
{"title":"Remarks on the grammaticalization of identificational clefts","authors":"Denis Creissels","doi":"10.1163/19589514-05201002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201002","url":null,"abstract":"Identificational clefts dissociate the assertion of the exclusive identification of a participant in an event from the rest of the information about the event. In all languages, this can be achieved by combining equative predication and participant nominalization, but in the evolution of languages, the routinization of such a construction as the usual way of expressing participant focalization may result in its grammaticalization as a specific type of construction. After proposing to reformulate the usual distinction between ‘pseudo-clefts’ and ‘clefts’ as a distinction between ‘plain clefts’ and ‘grammaticalized clefts’, this article discusses successively the relationship between cleft constructions and the notion of subordination, the changes that may convert plain clefts into grammaticalized clefts, the emergence of focus markers from cleft constructions, semantic aspects of the evolution of clefts, and the trend towards monoclausality in the evolution of clefts.","PeriodicalId":90499,"journal":{"name":"Faits de langues","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64469950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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