Molecular and cellular therapies最新文献

{"title":"Application of circulating tumor cells scope technique on circulating tumor cell research.","authors":"Dawei Yang, Lijie Wang, Xiaochen Tian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are becoming promising biomarkers in several cancers, such as colon, prostate, and breast carcinomas. Independent research groups have reported a correlation between CTC numbers and patient prognosis. Even more, the development of personalized medicine gives physicians impetus to utilize the advancement of molecular characterization of CTCs. This review introduces a new technique, CTCscope, and compares it with the current methods of CTCs detection, with particular emphasis on cancer research, and discusses the future application of this new method from bench to bed-side. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"microRNA therapies in cancer.","authors":"Sacha I Rothschild","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a family of small non-coding RNA species that have been implicated in the control of many fundamental cellular and physiological processes such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and stem cell maintenance. miRNAs regulate gene expression by the sequence-selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to translational repression or mRNA degradation. Some microRNAs have been categorized as \"oncomiRs\" as opposed to \"tumor suppressor miRs\" Modulating the miRNA activities may provide exciting opportunities for cancer therapy. This review highlights the latest discovery of miRNAs involved in carcinogenesis as well as the potential applications of miRNA regulations in cancer treatment. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of restoring tumor suppressive miRNAs and targeting oncogenic miRNAs for cancer therapy using in vivo model systems. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33373737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low pH of interstitial fluid around hippocampus of the brain in diabetic OLETF rats.","authors":"Yoshinori Marunaka, Kanji Yoshimoto, Wataru Aoi, Shigekuni Hosogi, Hiroshi Ikegaya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We have reported that pH values of ascites and interstitial fluids around the liver in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats are significantly lower than normal pH, 7.40, of mammalian body fluids (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013, 432:650), and that this lowered pH of interstitial fluid causes the insulin resistance in diabetic patients by decreasing insulin-binding to its receptors (J Physiol Sci 2013, 63:S199). In the preset study, we tried to measure the interstitial fluid pH in diabetic OLETF rats, since the interstitial fluid pH plays key factors in the brain function from a viewpoint of the binding affinity of neurotransmitters to their receptors.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We found that the pH value of interstitial fluids around hippocampus, the most important area for memory, in diabetic OLETF rats was lower than that in normal rats by measuring pH with antimony pH electrodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lowered pH of interstitial fluid around hippocampus of the brain in diabetic rats observed in the present study suggests that the function of hippocampus of the brain would be diminished due to low affinity of various types of neurotransmitters, playing key roles in the hippocampus function, to their receptors. Therefore, we indicate that maintenance of the interstitial fluid pH at the normal level would be one of the most important key factors for molecular and cellular therapies in various types of diseases including diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing RNAi nanomedicine for precision therapy.","authors":"Dan Peer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilizing RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic strategy has an immense likelihood to generate novel concepts in precision medicine. Several clinical trials are on the way with some positive initial results. Yet, targeting of RNAi payloads such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA (miR) mimetic or anti-miR (antagomirs) into specific cell types remains a challenge. Major attempts are done for developing nano-sized carriers that could overcome systemic, local and cellular barriers. This progress report will focus on the recent advances in the RNAi world, detailing strategies of systemic passive tissue targeting and active cellular targeting, which is often considered as the holy grail of drug delivery. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apixaban for oral antithrombotic therapy: is a new era coming?","authors":"Yong Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apixaban, a new oral inhibitor of activated factor Xa, may simplify antithrombotic therapy with fixed doses and no necessity for coagulation monitoring. Apixaban is non-inferior to conventional therapy (enxoaparin, followed by warfarin) with lower risk of major bleeding in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Compared with placebo, extended treatment with apixaban may reduce the recurrence rate in patients with venous thromboembolism. Thromboprophylaxis therapy with apixaban in surgery (hip or knee replacement) and atrial fibrillation has been proved to be superior to warfarin or enxoaparin. Apixaban offers a convenient and more effective alternative choice in anticoagulant therapy. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human lung telocytes could promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.","authors":"Yonghua Zheng, Xiaoke Chen, Mengjia Qian, Miaomiao Zhang, Ding Zhang, Chunxue Bai, Qun Wang, Xiangdong Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the previous studies, telocytes were found near the capillaries in many tissues, especially on the extracellular matrix of blood vessels and positive to CD34 and c-kit. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore if telocytes could produce angiogenesis associated cytokines, promote the proliferation and the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human lung telocytes were isolated and cultured, and were identified by immunofluorescence cytochemistry with CD34, c-kit and vimentin. Telocytes conditional media (TCM) was prepared, and the expressions of angiogenesis associated cytokines in TCM were detected by ELISA. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were cultured with DMEM media or TCM for 72 hours. The proliferation of HPMECs was continuously detected with CCK-8 kit at an interval of 12 hours. HPMECs were also injured by lipopolysaccharide, and cultured with TCM and DMEM respectively, and the tube formation capacity was detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Telocytes were positive for CD34, c-kit and vimentin. The expressions of VEGF and EGF in TCM were significantly higher, the proliferation of HPMECs cultured with TCM significantly increased, and the tube formation of HPMECs injured by endotoxin was improved with the culture of TCM, as compared with the culture of DMEM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study provides the evidence that human lung telocytes could produce the growth factors, such as VEGF and EGF. Telocytes conditional media induced the proliferation of pulmonary endothelial cells and prevented from endotoxin-induced compromise of pulmonary endothelial angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief perspective on neural cell therapy.","authors":"Jan Pruszak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For a range of nervous system disorders current treatment options remain limited. Focusing on Parkinson's disease as a neurodegenerative entity that affects an increasing quantity of people in our aging societies, we briefly discuss remaining challenges and opportunities that neural stem cell therapy might be able to offer. Providing a snapshot of neural transplantation paradigms, we contemplate possible imminent translational scenarios and discuss critical requirements to be considered before clinical implementation. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice of antiretroviral therapy differentially impacts survival of HIV-infected CD4 T cells.","authors":"Nathan W Cummins, Amy M Sainski, Sekar Natesampillai, Gary D Bren, Andrew D Badley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV eradication strategies are now being evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A cornerstone of such approaches is maximal suppression of viral replication with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Since many antiretroviral agents have off target effects, and different classes target different components of the viral life cycle, we questioned whether different classes of ART might differentially affect the survival and persistence of productively HIV-infected CD4 T cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro infections of primary CD4 T cells using clinical isolates of HIV-1 that were either protease inhibitor susceptible (HIV PI-S), or resistant (HIV PI-R) were treated with nothing, lopinavir, efavirenz or raltegravir. Cell viability, apoptosis, and the proportion of surviving cells that were P24 positive was assessed by flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In HIV PI-S infected primary cultures, all three antiretroviral agents decreased viral replication, and reduced the total number of cells that were undergoing apoptosis (P < 0.01) similarly. Similarly, in the HIV PI-R infected cultures, both efavirenz and raltegravir reduced viral replication and reduced apoptosis compared to untreated control (P < 0.01), while lopinavir did not, suggesting that HIV replication drives T cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by association by linear regression (P < 0.0001) . However since HIV protease has been suggested to directly induce apoptosis of infected CD4 T cells, and HIV PI are intrinsically antiapoptotic, we evaluated apoptosis in productively infected (HIV P24+) cells. More HIV p24 positive cells were apoptotic in the Efavirenz or raltegravir treated cultures than the lopinavir treated cultures (P = 0.0008 for HIV PI-R and P = 0.06 for the HIV PI-S), indicating that drug class impacts survival of productively infected CD4 T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inhibiting HIV replication with a PI, NNRTI or INSTI reduces total HIV-induced T cell apoptosis. However, blocking HIV replication with PI but not with NNRTI or INSTI promotes survival of productively HIV-infected cells. Thus, selection of antiretroviral agents may impact the success of HIV eradication strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33247888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting microRNAs in Cancer.","authors":"Molly A Taylor, William P Schiemann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can function as either powerful tumor promoters or suppressors in numerous types of cancer. The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. Recently, accumulating preclinical studies have illustrated the feasibility of slowing tumor progression by either overexpressing tumor suppressive miRNAs, or by neutralizing the activities of oncogenic miRNAs in cell- and animal-based models of cancer. Here we highlight prominent miRNAs that may represent potential therapeutic targets in human malignancies, as well as review current technologies available for inactivating or restoring miRNA activity in clinical settings. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"2 30","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4337831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33086062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of miRNA-targeting therapeutics and preclinical studies against gastroenterological carcinoma.","authors":"Chikako Shibata, Motoyuki Otsuka, Takahiro Kishikawa, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Motoko Ohno, Akemi Takata, Kazuhiko Koike","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expanding knowledge about the crucial roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human diseases has led to the idea that miRNAs may be novel, promising therapeutic targets against various pathological conditions. The recent success of a human clinical trial using anti-miR-122 oligonucleotides against chronic hepatitis C virus has paved the way for this approach. In this review, we summarize briefly the current status of clinical trials of miRNA-targeting therapy and several representative preclinical trials against hepato-gastrointestinal carcinoma. In addition, we describe the currently available technologies for modification and delivery of oligonucleotides, which are essential in providing efficient, specific and safe approaches to targeting miRNAs. </p>","PeriodicalId":90271,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular therapies","volume":"1 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33372211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}