BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of paracetamol and ibuprofen: genetic and hematological alterations in male albino mice.","authors":"Shimaa M Elgingihy, Ayaat M Elmaghraby, Yehia A Mustafa, Mohamed A Elseehy, Amany S Haggag, Salah M Abdel-Rahman","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01111-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01111-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antipyretic drugs are widely used to manage fever and pain and are generally regarded as safe when administered within recommended therapeutic ranges. Nevertheless, concerns remain regarding the potential biological effects associated with repeated or sub-chronic exposure. The present study evaluated the hematological, histopathological, and molecular effects of two commonly used antipyretics, paracetamol and ibuprofen, following repeated administration in male albino mice. Hematological analysis revealed drug-related alterations in selected blood parameters, with more pronounced changes observed in ibuprofen-treated groups, while paracetamol exposure was associated with comparatively milder effects. Qualitative histopathological examination demonstrated organ-specific structural alterations in the testes, liver, kidneys, and stomach, which were generally mild in nature and more frequently observed at higher experimental dose levels. No evidence of overt testicular failure or severe tissue damage was detected within the exposure period. At the molecular level, repeated exposure to paracetamol and ibuprofen was associated with downregulation of TNF-α and connexin 43 mRNA expression in peripheral blood, suggesting early systemic transcriptional responses accompanying the observed histological changes. However, molecular findings were limited to mRNA expression analysis and did not include protein-level or tissue-specific validation. Overall, the results indicate that repeated sub-chronic exposure to paracetamol and ibuprofen at therapeutic-equivalent dose ranges may be associated with early hematological, histological, and molecular alterations in mice. These findings highlight the importance of cautious and rational use of widely prescribed antipyretic drugs and underscore the need for further studies to elucidate long-term safety, underlying mechanisms, and tissue-specific functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147526801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7-hydroxy flavones, isolated bioflavonoids, ameliorate LPS-induced AD via inhibition of the NFKB pathway.","authors":"Ashish D Tale, Shirish P Jain, Sagar S Jankar, Sachin P Borikar, Satish P Shelke, Vinod H Jadhav","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01102-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01102-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural abnormalities, including learning and memory issues, are significantly influenced by infection and inflammation. We looked into how 7-hydroxyflavone affected a mouse model of learning and memory impairment brought on by LPS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigational protocol aims to assess the impacts of 7HF on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and its impact on memory impairment in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were pretreated with 7HF (5, 10 mg/kg, po) and received LPS (250 µg/kg ip) for 7 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) and the NORT were used for assessing memory. In order to analyse the oxidative stress markers, biochemical assessments were performed after the mice were euthanised. Moreover, neuroinflammatory markers in the hippocampi of mouse brains, such as IL-6 and NFKB, were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPS administration led to decreased memory retention in both MWM and NORT, as a distinct rise in the oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels, was also observed. Moreover, reductions in IL-6 and NFKB levels were observed. Pretreatment of animals with 7HF reversed the LPS-induced behavioural and memory impairments, and it was also found to lower the IL-6 and NFKB levels in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates how 7HF has neuroprotective properties that help prevent memory loss and neuroinflammation brought on by LPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147526810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of radioiodinated cefaclor for inflammation detection.","authors":"H Hussien, Marwa S El Refaye, H Aglan, Safaa B Challan, S I Khater","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01117-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01117-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Inflammation serves as a natural defense mechanism; however, its persistence can lead to chronic diseases with serious clinical consequences. Early detection of inflammation is therefore critical to slowing disease progression and improving therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: In this study, cefaclor (Cefa) was successfully radiolabeled with iodine-131 via electrophilic substitution to facilitate the detection of infected and inflamed muscles in mouse models. The labeling reaction was carried out with 100 µg of Cefa and 100 µg of iodogen, using glass frits as the oxidizing system at pH 7 and 60 °C, with 10 µL of Na131I for 20 min. The resulting [131I]Cefa was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular modeling was performed in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) to evaluate the compound’s structure and binding affinity. RESULTS: The labeling process was optimized to achieve a radiolabeling efficiency of 90 ± 0.56%, and stability of about 89 ± 0.5% at 4 h. Docking simulations confirmed strong binding of [131I]Cefa to bacterial DNA gyrase B, supporting its potential as a targeted imaging agent. Biological evaluation in mouse models demonstrated notable tracer accumulation in both septic and sterile inflammatory sites. Uptake values reached 28 ± 1.5%ID/organ in infected muscles and 16 ± 1.5%ID/organ in sterile inflammation at 120 minutes post-injection. The target-to-non-target (T/NT) ratios were 5.28 for infected muscles and 2.1 for sterile inflammation, indicating effective differentiation between bacterial (septic) and non-bacterial (aseptic) inflammatory foci. CONCLUSION: The radiolabeled [131I]Cefa compound exhibits promising diagnostic capabilities for distinguishing bacterial infections from sterile inflammation. Its high radiolabeling efficiency, strong molecular binding, and selective in vivo uptake support its potential utility as a non-invasive imaging agent for early detection and characterization of inflammatory conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147526773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of cardio-protective effect of metformin versus dapagliflozin in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in diabetic rats.","authors":"Dina Elhantery, Somaia Abdullatif Mokbel, Abdelaziz M Hussein, E M Tayee, Sara El Desouky, Ahmed Mohammed Taha","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01110-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01110-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: To study the potential cardioprotective role of dapagliflozin in comparison to metformin in experimentally- induced myocardial infarction in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was comparative study, which was housed at the animal house, Mansoura Experimental Research Center (MERC). Fifty adult male albino rats were included in this study and there were further randomly divided into Group-I: (Normal), Group –II: rats received Streptozotocin (STZ) for induction of type 2 DM. This group was subdivided into (4) equal subgroups as the following: Group –IIa: (DM), Group-IIb: (DM+ISO), Group–IIc: (DM+ISO+Metformin), Group-IId: (DM+ISO+DAPA). The outcomes of the study were measured by ECG recording, serological study which included Interleukin (IL)-10, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, troponin, lipid profile and blood glucose and histopathological examination of isolated hearts. RESULTS: Dapagliflozin show better cardioprotective effect than Metformin with lower IL-10, IL-6, TNF, CTNI and Troponin C levels than Metformin with statistically significant difference (p < 0.001*). The percentage of area of edema and degeneration is the lowest in controls followed by DM+ISO+DAPA group then DM+ISO+Metformin group when compared with DM and DM+ISO groups which revealed the cardio protective effect of DAPA and Metformin with inter-groups statistically significant difference (p < 0.001*) CONCLUSION: Dapagliflozin has cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic rats. This effect might be due to its antifibrotic and antiarrhythmic effects. However, Metformin did not show any antifibrotic or anti-arrhythmic effects. </p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of N-acetylcysteine against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats.","authors":"Hasan Tahsin Tola, Sinan Kılıç","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-01073-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-01073-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anthracycline antibiotic in the treatment of pediatric malignancies. However, its clinical application is significantly limited by its well-documented cardiotoxic side effects. The hypothesis of this study is that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as an antioxidant agent, may reverse DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential protective role of NAC against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rat heart tissue in this experimental study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each): control, DOX, and DOX + NAC. The control group received physiological saline via oral gavage at 0 and 24 h, followed by intraperitoneal saline at 48 h. The DOX group received saline at the same intervals, but received 20 mg/kg DOX intraperitoneally at 48 h. The treatment group received 140 mg/kg NAC orally at 0 and 24 h, followed by 20 mg/kg DOX intraperitoneally at 48 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, the DOX group showed significantly increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05). In the NAC-treated group, these values were comparable to controls. Histologically, the DOX group exhibited edema, inflammation, vacuolization, hemorrhage, necrosis, and myofibrillar disorganization, while these alterations were largely absent in the NAC group (p < 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, NAC did not produce significant biochemical improvement in DOX-damaged heart tissue but provided substantial histological protection against DOX toxicity. These findings highlight NAC as a promising agent for reducing DOX-induced cardiac toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydroxychloroquine pre-treatment on acute radiosensitivity of thyroid in young rats.","authors":"Mutsumi Matsuu-Matsuyama, Kazuko Shichijo, Nariaki Fujimoto, Hirokazu Kurohama, Katsuya Matsuda, Naomi Hayashida, Masahiro Nakashima","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01124-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01124-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the effects of hydroxychloroquine [HCQ]-induced autophagy suppression prior to irradiation on radiosensitivity of the thyroid gland and compared it with that observed in the liver. METHODS: Briefly, 6-week-old Wistar rats were divided into non-treated (saline) and treated groups (HCQ 200 mg/kg administered thrice orally). The treated group was further divided into irradiated (4 Gy of whole-body X-ray) and non-irradiated (NR) groups. The liver and thyroid tissues were resected from the NR and irradiated (at 3, 6 and 24 h) group rats. Changes in apoptosis (number of TUNEL-positive cells), proliferation (number or rate of Ki-67-positive cells), DNA damage response (number of 53BP1 nuclear foci and phospho-p53Ser15 expression), and autophagy-related molecules (LC3 and p62 expression and autophagy-related gene expression) in the liver and thyroid were examined. RESULTS: More TUNEL-positive cells were present in the liver of HCQ-treated group than in that of non-treated group at each time point, but no changes in thyroid were observed between groups at any time point. Fewer Ki-67-positive cells were observed in the liver and thyroid of HCQ-treated group than in non-treated group after irradiation. The number of 53BP1 nuclear foci in the thyroid increased slightly in the HCQ-treated group at 3 h compared with that in non-treated and NR group. Increased p62 expression was observed at 3 and 6 h in the liver, but not in the thyroid, in HCQ-treated group. The punctate staining for LC3 and p62 in the thyroid cytoplasm of HCQ-treated rats was observed in NR and irradiation groups. A lower expression of five autophagy machinery component genes and 12 autophagy regulatory genes was observed in the HCQ-treated irradiated rats than in non-treated irradiated rats at 24 h. CONCLUSION: HCQ administration before irradiation reduced cell proliferation in the thyroid gland with a slight increase in DNA damage response and decrease in autophagy-related gene expression. However, no change was observed in apoptosis, unlike in the liver. In the liver, radiation exposure after HCQ administration induced apoptosis, eliminating the damaged cells. In contrast, in the thyroid, damaged cells might continue to survive as they are not eliminated by apoptosis. </p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In- vitro assessment of the anti- malarial potential of Alpha Onocerin; cytotoxicity and hemolytic effect, multi-stage activity and molecular docking.","authors":"Jemima Aggrey Appiah, Jude Tetteh, Felix Zoiku, Abenaa Owusuwaa Amoatey, Kofi Junior Osei, Sara Agyemang Antwi, John Nii Addotey, Charles Ansah, Kwesi Boadu Mensah","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01120-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01120-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surfacing of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) against various antimalarials on the market has intensified the need for novel antimalarial agents, particularly those with multistage efficacy. This study investigated the safety and anti-plasmodial efficacy of alpha onocerin (AOC), a triterpenoid compound derived from Huperzia phlegmaria, against both 3D7 and Dd2 lab strains of P. falciparum. In vitro anti-plasmodial assays were carried out to investigate the activity of AOC across trophozoite, schizont, and gametocyte stages. The SYBR Green assay was used to quantify parasite growth after 72 h of incubation. The cytotoxic effect of AOC was tested against the HepG2 cell using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AOC exhibited significant stage-specific anti-plasmodial activity, with IC₅₀ values of 2.30 ± 0.44 µM (trophozoites) and 3.96 ± 0.72 µM (schizonts) for 3D7, with Dd2 yielding 6.33 ± 0.63 µM (trophozoites) and 13.76 ± 1.09 (schizonts). Molecular docking further revealed potential interactions of AOC with parasite targets, suggesting a probable mechanism involving disruption of parasite metabolism or membrane integrity. These findings underscore the promise of the compound as a viable lead candidate for antimalarial drug development, supported by its broad inhibitory activity against P. falciparum.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro comparative quality evaluation of different brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets available in Mekelle City, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Brhane Gebrehiwot Welegebrial, Zenawi Gezae, Samrawit Kidanemariam Gebrekidan, Gebru Gebremeskel Gebrerufael, Haylay Araya Gebregzabiher, Abrahaley Mulu Kidane, Gebretekle Gebremichael Hailesilase","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01123-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01123-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Administration of poor-quality medications can result in various effects that jeopardize the drugs’ safety and effectiveness. Due to a lack of adequate post-market surveillance studies, making decisions regarding the quality of medicines, including metformin hydrochloride tablets, available in Mekelle City is challenging. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of different brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets sold in Mekelle City, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS: A total of eight brands of 500 mg metformin hydrochloride tablets were collected from drug retail outlets in Mekelle City. In vitro quality control tests were conducted based on the WHO visual inspection tool and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. These included visual inspection, weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution, and an assay of active ingredient. One-way ANOVA was used to compare all parameters of quality control. A difference was deemed statistically significant when P < 0.05. One-way ANOVA, model-independent approaches, and model-dependent approaches were used to compare the dissolution profiles and to determine the nature of active pharmaceutical ingredient release. RESULTS: This study showed that all metformin hydrochloride brands marketed in Mekelle City complied with the WHO visual inspection and USP specifications for visual inspection, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, and assay of the active ingredient. Of the samples tested, brand E and brand F exhibited the highest and lowest hardness values, respectively, at 313.88 N and 10.06 N. Moreover, all eight brands evaluated released more than 80% of their drug contents within 30 min as outlined in the USP. However, the difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) have indicated that only brands A, E, and H were similar (can be used interchangeably) with the comparator product. Weibull release model suits the drug release data, which had the highest correlation coefficient. CONCLUSIONS: All brands met pharmacopoeial specifications, but significant variations in hardness and dissolution profiles were observed, with only three brands showing profile similarity to the comparator. Hence, the finding serves as an alert to examine the dossier evaluations and legal approval processes of the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority. </p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin mitigates methamphetamine-induced testicular oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance and seminiferous tubule degeneration in rats.","authors":"Abubakar Lekan Imam, Banmore Oyinlola Adebola, Fatimo Ajoke Sulaimon, Kehinde Muibat Ibiyeye, Aliyu Ibrahim Adedo, Rukayat Jaji-Sulaimon, Olarewaju Ambali Danwahab, Abdussalam Babalola Abdulsalam, Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso, Moyosore Salihu Ajao","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01121-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01121-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Drug abuse has become a significant public health concern due to its effects on socioeconomic and mental health challenges. Methamphetamine (MAP) is a common psychostimmulant drug consume widely by youth. it excites central nervous system, alters neurotransmiters and affects body tissues including testis. This study examined the effects of melatonin on methamphetamine-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats. METHODS: Thirty-two (32) adult male Wistar rats (130 ± 2.70 g) were used were randomly assigned into four (4) groups of 8 animals each. Group 1 was given 0.5 ml/kg of phosphate buffered saline (PBS); group II received 20 mg/kg of MAP; group III was administered 10 mg/kg of MAP; and group IV was given 20 mg/kg of MAP plus 10 mg/kg of MAP. All the administration was carried out orally using oral cannula and lasted for 21 days. After the administration, oxidative stress level, Hormonal concentration, seminal fluid parameters were assayed. Histological analysis of the testis was done using H & E stain. RESULTS: Melatonin was able to improved antioxidant capacity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. It also regulate the hormonal concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone and enhanced the caudal epididymal sperm quality and restored testicular morphology. CONCLUSION: Melatonin showed an antioxidant effects against methamphetanine-induced testicular toxicity and improve testicular functions in rat. Therefore melatonin has a therapeutic benefit against methamphetamine toxicity. </p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting a novel tamoxifen-using pathway to preserve ovarian reserve in rats with experimental chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure.","authors":"Amira S Ahmed, Mahmoud S Sabra, Asmaa Youssef A Abbas, Asmaa A Kamal, Zainab S Abdelqader","doi":"10.1186/s40360-026-01103-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-026-01103-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Due to the increased incidence of cancer in young women, chemotherapy-induced gonad toxicity, such as that caused by cyclophosphamide (CP), is now the main cause of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). AIMS: The current work investigates how CP damages the rat ovary and whether tamoxifen (TAM) medication and pretreatment can reduce CP by restoring antioxidant and mitochondrial balance. METHODS: Forty adult female albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups. The control group and CP-induced POI group were used. TAM pretreatment for four weeks prior to CP injection in the third group. A single dosage of TAM was administered concurrently with CP in the fourth group. RESULTS: In the group receiving CP, the following observations were observed: a reduction in the ovarian index; a decline in the numbers of primordial and primary follicles; an increase in atretic follicles; a decrease in mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R); a significant reduction in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH); an increase in serum levels of dynamin-related protein (DRP-1); a decrease in serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and mitofusin 1 (MFN-1); a damaged ovarian tissues that evaluated histopathologically; an decrease in the number of primordial and primary follicles; an increase in the number of atretic follicles; zona pellucida’s integrity disruption; an decrease in ovarian weights; and an increase in collagen fiber area percentages; a decrease in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunoreactivity; and an increase in the expression of immunopositive cells for cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) compared to controls. In contrast, both treatment and pretreatment with TAM improved these effects. With concern to pretreatment with TAM that showed a superior improvement in increasing the number of primordial and primary follicles, improving cortical follicles, enhancing zona pellucida’s integrity and increasing in HO-1immunoreactivity combined with limited regions of collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: One possible explanation for the protective effects of TAM on ovarian tissue is that it increases IGF-1 mRNA expression, improves mitochondrial dynamic balance, and activates the IL-10/HO-1 pathway, all of which work together to decrease oxidative stress and increase ovarian tissue survival. Based on our research, it appears that a potentially effective regimen for POI caused by CP is pretreatment with TAM. This could lead to a higher percentage of POI disease remission. </p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147430612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}