Journal of advances in dairy research最新文献

{"title":"Nutraceutical Peptides from Lactoferrin","authors":"F. Giansanti, G. Panella, Alyexandra Arienzo, Loris Leboffe, G. Antonini","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"Lactoferrin belongs to the transferrin protein superfamily and is a major component of the mammalian innate immune system. Proteolytic cleavage of either human or bovine lactoferrin results in the generation of several peptides, most of which manifest the protective activities of Lactoferrin. It is worth noting that these peptides may be naturally produced in the human intestine after milk ingestion. Interestingly, peptides deriving from proteolytic cleavage of Ovotransferrin, a Lactoferrin homologous protein present in reptiles and birds, displays the same protective activities. This mini-review summarizes the most relevant protective activities of peptides deriving from Lactoferrin and Ovotransferrin.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in Mammary Epithelial Cells-A Comparison of Common In vitro Models","authors":"Bat-Chen Cohen, A. Shamay, N. Argov-Argaman","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main cellular functions of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) is the vast production of lipids to provide the new born with the energy and bioactive molecules that are essential for its development and survival. Milk lipids are secreted in a structure termed milk fat globule (MFG) which buds from the MEC, enveloped with the cellular bilayer membrane. MFG membrane composition changes as a function of lactation stage, nutrition and MFG size. In addition, MFG size differs at different stages of lactation and in response to nutritional treatments. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the MEC membrane changes according to metabolic and hormonal signals in the animal's body, and that these changes are associated with milk lipid production and secretion and MFG size. The aim of this work was to find a suitable model for studying lipogenic activity and its relation to membrane composition in the mammary gland. Two in vitro models were compared: mammary gland tissue culture ('explants') and primary culture of MEC. Prolactin treatment increased fat concentration in the explants. In addition, conjugated linoleic acid decreased fat content, but only in the presence of prolactin. Despite these interesting results, the model was not reproducible. Cells of the primary MEC culture showed cytokeratin-18 mRNA and protein expression, which validated the culture's epithelial content. In addition, this model was prolactin-sensitive, as reflected by induction of α-lactalbumin expression in response to prolactin administration. Oleic acid induced the formation of large lipid droplets, and methionine addition to the oleic acid treatment further increased lipid droplet size. In conclusion, primary culture of bovine MEC was found as an appropriate model for studying lipogenic activity with a focus on membrane composition and lipid droplet size in the mammary gland.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Performance of Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows in a Tropical Highland Environment","authors":"Ayalew Wondossen, A. Mohammed, E. Negussie","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"Any genetic improvement in dairy cattle requires information on reproductive performance in the given population. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of non-genetic factors on reproductive performance traits of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle maintained under tropical highland environment. The data used in this study included records of cows that calved between 1979 and 2013. The overall least squares mean of Age at First Calving (AFC), Calving Interval (CI), Days Open (DO) and Number of Service Preconception (NSC) were 39.42 ± 0.41, 469.19 ± 7.88, 179.89 ± 6.82 and 1.9 ± 0.05, respectively. All sources of variation parity sire origin and period have significant effect on most reproductive traits considered. In general, in this study the reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian cows under tropical management condition were poor. This calls a planned technical and institutional intervention to improve the efficiency of reproductive performances through accurate heat detection, timely insemination, adequate feeding for growing heifers, and proper management of postpartum reproductive problems are assumed the best intervention of choice to enhance the replacement rate of the herd and enable possible selection among the existing small herd supporting local AI bull provision of crossbreeding program.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Non-dairy Ingredients on the Quality Characteristics of Processed Cheese during Storage","authors":"Syed Mansha Rafiq, B. Ghosh","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"Processed cheese was prepared with non-dairy ingredients of potato, peanuts and inulin separately, packed in 150 g polypropylene cups and stored at 7-8°C. During storage no significant change (p>0.05) was observed in the moisture and pH of all the cheese samples. Tyrosine content increased significantly (p 0.05) was observed in the tyrosine and free fatty acid content of control and inulin added cheeses. Electrophoretic study indicated maximum protein degradation in potato added cheese and minimum in inulin added cheese. Sensory characteristics did not show any significant change (p>0.05) whereas yeast and mould counts increased significantly (p<0.05). Potato and peanut incorporated cheeses showed lower shelf life than control.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Milk Hygiene, Quality Control in the Market Chain in Jimma","authors":"Abebaw Gashaw, E. Gebrehiwot","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000213","url":null,"abstract":"Raw milk quality and hygienic status of dairy farms study were conducted from October 2013-March 2014 in Jimma town with the objectives to assess hygienic milking and handling practices and quality of raw milk at different critical points throughout the milk value chain, in Jimma zone, south western Ethiopia. The study was performed by questionnaire survey, personal observation and milk sample testing in the laboratory. For the survey a total of 54 purposively selected milk producing households who sell raw milk to the town were interviewed to assess the hygienic milking and handling practices. A total of 162 bulk raw milk samples were collected aseptically from selected farms, milk cooperative and cafeterias for raw milk quality testing and tested with different test. Clot-on-boiling test positive results for farm, cooperative and cafeterias were 7.78%, 55.56% and 58.7%, respectively. Positive cases recorded for alcohol test were 48.89% in farm milk whereas 77.78% in cooperatives milk and 87.43% in cafeterias milk. In this study average mean pH for three sources was 6.68, 6.646 and 6.614, respectively. The mean titratable acidity of samples was 0.191, 0.226 and 0.261, respectively. The mean specific gravity of the milk samples were 1.0297, 1.028 and 1.0126 g/ml, respectively. Analysis of variance for pH, titratable acidity and specific gravity shows the mean values to be significant. For MBRT only 3.33% of samples from farms reduced the dye above 4½ an hour and about 41.11%, 33.33% and 26.98% decolorized the dye within 2-4½ hours; about 38.89%, 44.44% and 34.92% reduced within 1-2 hours; about 14.44%, 11.11% and 30.15% reduced in ½-1 hour; and 2.22%, 11.11% and 7.9% of samples reduced the dye below ½ an hour, respectively. Methylene blue reduction test shows bacterial load increased as level increased up to consumer The test result indicated that milk quality deterioration increased from farms to cafeterias. In addition at all level adulteration with water was observed, however it is highest at cafeterias. However, as compared to other sources farm milk had better quality. Reduced quality is related to public health risks and these calls for improvement of quality by awareness creation on hygienic milking and handling of milk and educating milk sellers to avoid adulteration of milk. It is also important to apply appropriate quality control system before receiving the milk to assure quality.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"06 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy Cattle Production, Processing and Handling of Milk and Milk Products in Enemay District, East Gojjam, Amhara, Ethiopia","authors":"Habtamu Ayalew, Adugnaw Abatenhe","doi":"10.4172/2329-888x.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888x.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study were to assess dairy cattle production systems, processed milk products and handling systems of cow milk and milk products in the highlands of Ethiopia. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in Enemay district, Amhara, Ethiopia. The sample kebeles and household for the study were selected based on stratification and purposive sampling techniques. Three rural and 2 urban and pre urban kebeles were selected. From each kebele 30 households (A total of 150 households) were selected randomly from those have at least two lactating cows. Dairy cooperatives and private farms were included during the study. Descriptive statistics was employed for data analysis using Statistical Procedures for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Dairy cattle production systems that identified in the study areas were rural smallholder or mixed crop- livestock production which accounts 98% and the rest 2% were urban and pre urban system. Out of the total milk produced per households per day 0.42 ± 1.8 liters was used for traditional milk processing. The study also revealed that 40.2% of the respondents were process milk into different milk products. The three most prioritized milk and milk products in the area were butter, ghee and whole milk with their ascending ranking order. The finding revealed that the most of respondents (89.4%) did not use udder washing before milking. The majority of the respondents practiced washing of their milk utensils (90.6%) and milker’s hands (73.6%) before milking are practiced. There should be training for farmers and dairy cooperatives about milking hygienic practices, feeding and health care managements for their dairy cattle animals. The study also suggests that improved and appropriate milk processing technologies like churner and cram separator should be accessible in place to improve milk processing for sustainable dairy production.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"06 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Metabolic Constraints on Feed Intake in Ruminants: A Systematic Model","authors":"N. Akbar","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Feed intake control in ruminants is mediated through physical and metabolic constraints. Rumen fill, dietary fiber concentration, and fiber digestibility are important physical constraints. Rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations, post-rumen nutrient assimilation and absorption, and hepatic and systemic nutrient balance (and imbalance) are important metabolic constraints on feed intake. Blood levels of glucose and some ketones and fatty acids are other significant players in feed intake regulation in ruminants. Research is needed to elucidate how to optimize feeding strategies and feeding systems to improve feed intake in high-producing ruminants.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survivability of Escherichia Coli in Commercial Powder Goat Milk during Four Months Storage at Two Different Temperatures","authors":"B. I. Davis, Aftab Siddique, A. Mahapatra, Y. Park","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria in low moisture environments are not favorable for growth, but can survive and cause a possible food safety risk for consumers. A study was conducted to evaluate survivability of Escherichia coli and storage stability of commercial powdered goat milk (PGM) products. Three batches of whole milk PGM samples were purchased at a local outlet, and divided into two halves to assign non-inoculated control and E. coli inoculated groups, then stored at 4 and 22°C for 0, 2, and 4 months. Results showed that significant reduction (P<0.05) in E. coli counts occurred at 22°C treatment group by more than 2 log CFU/g at 2 months storage, then further decreased by an additional 0.37 log CFU/g at 4 months storage. The survival of E. coli was significantly higher at 4°C, suggesting that E. coli could survive better at 4°C by extending a longer latent period than at higher temperature (22°C) under the low water activity condition. E. coli counts had negative correlations with water activity at both temperature treatments for all three storage periods except for 0 and 2 months at 22°C, indicating that the survivability of the E. coli would decrease in powdered whole goat milk for 4 months of storage because of decrease in water activity. It was concluded that Escherichia coli survival and storage stability of the commercial PGM products were significantly (P<0.05) affected by storage temperature and time.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Farm Phenotypic Characterization of Local Cattle Populations in Hadiya Zone, Southern Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Wondimu Ayele Lombebo, Negassi Ameha Zeleke","doi":"10.4172/2329-888x.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888x.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to phenotypically characterize local cattle populations in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. The zone was categorized into three category based on agro ecology, cattle population size and the distinctness of the cattle types. Three districts (Shashogo, Misha and Soro) were purposively selected from each category. Six focus group discussions with key informants as well as phenotypic data from adult animals were used to generate data on quantitative and qualitative traits from 360 animals. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) on continuous variables showed highly significant (p<0.0001) differences between district and sex except for hock circumference. Canonical discriminant (CANDISC) analysis showed quantitative traits and Mahalanobis’ distances between districts were significant (p<0.0001). The stepwise discriminant (STEPDISC) analysis for both female and male populations showed that most quantitative variables had significant (p<0.0001) power in explaining phenotypic variation. The results from focus group discussions and multivariate discriminant analysis led to identification of two cattle populations that appear to be distinct types (highland and lowland). Thus, studied indigenous cattle population of Hadiya zone was found to be not homogenous on their phenotypic features, and genetic characterization of the population is recommended.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"06 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Monitoring of Brucellosis in Female Calves Born from Infected Herds from Birth to their First Calving","authors":"Ana T. Fernandez, E. Herrera, Efrén A Díaz, G. Palomares, F. Suarez","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of brucellosis contagion of female calves born from seropositive and seronegative cows in brucellosis-infected herds. Brucellosis was monitored by serological analysis of 192 female calves from ten stables. Eight of these stables corresponded to family dairy herds, which had been vaccinated with S19; one was a semi-intensive herd vaccinated with RB51 and the last one was an intensive herd vaccinated with both vaccines. Monthly blood samples were taken from the female calves, from birth up to nine months of age; later, blood samples were taken at 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 months, and during delivery or abortion. Blood samples were analysed with Rose Bengal, rivanol and radial immunodiffusion tests to detect the appearance of seropositivity. A total of 192 female calves were evaluated and only 23% (45/192) were seropositive to brucellosis during the entire study. Of the 45 serologically positive female calves, 47% (21/45) were daughters of seropositive cows, while 53% (24/45) were daughters of seronegative cows. In conclusion, only 23% of the female calves born from infected herds showed seropositivity to brucellosis from birth up to 24 months of age, of which less than half were daughters of seropositive mothers and more than half were daughters of seronegative mothers. Therefore, serological diagnosis of brucellosis should be considered at an early age, which is currently not regular practice. In addition, biosecurity measures should be established, mainly in family dairy herds.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70273522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}