Journal of addictive behaviors, therapy & rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Consistency and Recanting of Ever-Smoking Status Reported by Self and Proxy Respondents One Year Apart.","authors":"Julia N Soulakova,&nbsp;Lisa J Crockett","doi":"10.4172/2324-9005.1000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9005.1000114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study examined consistency of reports concerning current and prior smoking behaviors. Data came from the 2002-2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, where the current smoking behaviors and smoking history were reported by self- and proxy-respondents on two occasions, one year apart. The ever-smoking status is reported consistently, overall: Kappa coefficient is 0.78 with the corresponding 95% confidence interval given by (0.77, 0.78). One specific type of inconsistency of prior reports was assessed for respondents who were identified as never smokers at the latter assessment and former or current smokers at the earlier assessment. Based on the survey logistic regression that controls for multiple respondent characteristics and survey administration method, the estimated prevalence of such inconsistent self-reports is 9.0%, and prevalence of inconsistent proxy-reports is 5.4%. In addition, prevalence of recanting, i.e., future reporting never smoking for respondents who previously claimed to be a former or a current smoker was assessed. The recanting was shown to be most prevalent with respect to proxy-reports and former smokers: overall prevalence of recanting was estimated to be in the range 13% - 19% for current smokers, and 27% - 46% for former smokers. Our findings indicate that while, unexpectedly, proxy-respondents are more likely to report the ever-smoking status consistently than do self-respondents, the proxies are also more likely to incorrectly report never smoking in the future for smokers especially regarding adolescents and young adults. Therefore, the observed higher level of consistency for proxy-respondents may be due to proxies' incorrect knowledge which leads to consistent yet ambiguous responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":90201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addictive behaviors, therapy & rehabilitation","volume":"3 1","pages":"1000113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005384/pdf/nihms575604.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32314572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women Leaders in Oxford House.","authors":"Phyllis Timpo, Temple Price, Doreen Salina, Caroline Witek, Nicole Pommer, Leonard A Jason","doi":"10.4172/2324-9005.1000119","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2324-9005.1000119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This qualitative study examined women assuming leadership roles in Oxford Houses, which are communal, democratically run recovery settings for substance use disorder. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 women Oxford House leaders who shared their thoughts and experiences on leadership. Several themes emerged from qualitative data analysis, most notably that stepping up and accepting a leadership role in Oxford House had a positive effect on self-esteem, which is vital to women with a history of substance abuse. Barriers to leadership were also identified such as negative interpersonal relationships with other women. A number of methods mentioned to increase the number of women leaders included: developing workshops, providing positive encouragement, and accessing existing female role models. The implications of this study are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":90201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addictive behaviors, therapy & rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239692/pdf/nihms594712.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32833056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking Cessation Interventions in HIV-Infected Adults in North America: A Literature Review.","authors":"Patricia A Cioe","doi":"10.4172/2324-9005.1000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9005.1000112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cigarette smoking is more prevalent in HIV-infected adults when compared to the general population (50-70%) and is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in this population. Of important clinical relevance, however, 40% of HIV-infected smokers express a willingness to attempt smoking cessation and two-thirds are interested in or considering quitting when asked. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state of the science review of the extant literature on smoking cessation interventions in HIV-infected adults. A comprehensive search of a computerized database for articles appearing in peer-reviewed journals was conducted. The integrative review included 10 articles from medical and nursing journals. Smoking cessation rates ranged from 6%-50% across studies employing pharmacologic and behavioral approaches. Samples sizes were frequently small and the effect was often not sustained over time. Emotional distress was related to smoking behaviors and may have been a barrier to successful smoking cessation. Adherence to pharmacologic therapy often declined over time and may have contributed to low cessation rates. Nicotine replacement therapy combined with a cell phone-delivered intensive counseling intervention showed promising results. Given the high prevalence of smoking among adults infected with HIV, this review supports the need for the development and implementation of innovative and effective interventions tailored to this population that will ultimately result in lower smoking prevalence and improved overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":90201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addictive behaviors, therapy & rehabilitation","volume":"2 3","pages":"1000112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4021585/pdf/nihms572377.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32352246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mirtazapine in Comorbid Major Depression and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Jack R Cornelius,&nbsp;Antoine B Douaihy,&nbsp;Duncan B Clark,&nbsp;Dennis C Daley,&nbsp;Tammy A Chung,&nbsp;Maribeth A Wesesky,&nbsp;D Scott Wood,&nbsp;Ihsan Salloum","doi":"10.4172/2324-9005.1000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9005.1000113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>To date, pharmacotherapy trials of depressed alcoholics (MDD/AUD) have focused on SSRI medications, with disappointing results, so effective treatments for that comorbid population are lacking. Mirtazapine is an FDA-approved medication for treating MDD with a unique pharmacological profile whose efficacy may exceed that of SSRIs. Results from our recent open label study suggest robust acute phase efficacy for mirtazapine for decreasing both the depression and the drinking of that population. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the longer-term efficacy of mirtazapine in that population. We now report findings from a first long-term (two-year) naturalistic follow-up evaluation involving subjects from the acute phase trial. We hypothesized that the improvements would persist at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An eight-week open label study of mirtazapine and motivation therapy was conducted involving persons 18 to 55 years of age with DSM-IV diagnoses of comorbid MDD/AD. Two years after entry into the acute phase study, a long-term evaluation was conducted using the same instruments that had been used at baseline to assess whether the improvements seen during the acute phase trial had persisted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten of the twelve patients who entered the acute phase study participated in the follow-up study. The large magnitude improvements (p<.01) in depressive symptoms (BDI), drinking (TLFB), and sleep disturbance (HDRS) persisted at the follow-up evaluation. Two of the subjects demonstrated MDD on structured interview at follow-up, while all ten had demonstrated MDD at baseline. Six of the ten used antidepressants during the follow-up period. At baseline, three were employed, while at follow-up seven were employed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest long-term efficacy for mirtazapine for decreasing the drinking and depression of depressed alcoholics. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are warranted to clarify the efficacy of mirtazapine in depressed alcoholics.</p>","PeriodicalId":90201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addictive behaviors, therapy & rehabilitation","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4217395/pdf/nihms545651.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32796565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use Related Stigma: What we Know and the Way Forward.","authors":"Magdalena Kulesza,&nbsp;Mary E Larimer,&nbsp;Deepa Rao","doi":"10.4172/2324-9005.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9005.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To conduct a systematic review of the literature investigating the relationship between stigma experienced by individuals who use drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an online literature search and identified articles related to stigma among individuals who use drugs. Studies evaluating associations between stigma and socio-demographic variables and if applicable clinical and substance use variables are presented. In addition, recommendations for future research are provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 26 articles describing 28 studies evaluating stigma. The majorities of studies were published in the last 11 years and conducted in the U.S. Samples were relatively diverse: 41.7% of all participants who provided data identified as racial/ethnic minorities. The vast majority of the relationships between stigma and socio-demographic characteristics were included in only one or very few studies, which limits conclusions. The relationship between stigma and psychological well-being is the only consistent finding reported in the literature. Specifically, results suggest that stigma has a detrimental effect on psychological well-being among individuals who use drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While this literature is expanding at a rapid pace, this review indicates several areas for future research and needed improvements in research methodology in this area. Specifically, lack of comprehensive description of sample characteristics, lack of construct identification and proper definition, a dearth of longitudinal studies and limited research describing relationships between stigma and substance use behavior are a few areas identified for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":90201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addictive behaviors, therapy & rehabilitation","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2324-9005.1000106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32817451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}