BMC Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with delayed order-to-administration time in the emergency department: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Yen-Wen Chen, Jian-Heng Lee, Cheng-Ying Chiang, Ya-Ni Yeh, Jih-Chun Lin, Ming-Jen Tsai","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01229-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01229-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely medication administration in the emergency department (ED) is critical for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors of delayed order-to-administration (OTA) time, defined as exceeding 30 min for stat medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted in the ED of a 1,000-bed tertiary hospital. Patients aged 20 years or older who received stat medications between June 1 and August 31, 2020, were included. Only the first stat medication order per patient was analyzed. Data on patient demographics, triage characteristics, environmental factors, prescription details, and OTA times were extracted from the hospital's electronic medical record and nursing information system. Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination was used to identify predictors of OTA delays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 11,429 patient visits included, 9.9% experienced OTA delays exceeding 30 min. Predictors of higher odds of delay included older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), female sex (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31-1.69), limited mobility (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.63 for ambulatory with assistance; aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.48 for non-ambulatory patients), trauma (aOR: 1.35, 95% CI:1.09-1.66), hourly patient visits (aOR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), concurrent intravenous fluid use (aOR:1.42, 95% CI:1.04-1.93), blood tests (aOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30-2.30), radiography (aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.87-2.64), and computed tomography (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.37-1.80). Reduced odds of delay were observed among patients with triage level 1 compared to level 3 (aOR 0.25, 95% CI:0.16-0.39), those arriving during night shifts compared to day shifts (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18-0.63), and those receiving intramuscular medications compared to intravenous administration (aOR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several patient, environmental, and diagnostic-related factors were associated with OTA delays in stat medication administration. Understanding these predictors may help inform strategies to optimize ED workflows. Further research is warranted to validate these findings in other ED settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the Kermanshah earthquake experiences of Iranian nurses as rescuers: a qualitative study.","authors":"Amirhossein Naghibzadeh, Keivan Moradi, Hamid Saidi, Jalal Karimi, Khalil Moradi","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01227-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01227-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past few years, Iran has experienced several earthquakes. The literature has highlighted the significant role played by Iranian nurses in the Kermanshah earthquake. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate nurses' responses to disasters. This study aimed to explore the impacts of rescue experiences on nurses who cared for the injured following the Kermanshah earthquake.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a qualitative study utilizing a conventional content analysis approach, following the Granheim and Landman framework. Sixteen nurses with experience in caring for earthquake survivors in Kermanshah were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with ethical considerations applied at all stages of the research. MAXQDA software (version 10) was employed to assist in managing the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 16 nurses: nine females (56.25%) and seven males (43.75%). The mean age of the participants was 34.13 ± 5.78 years, and the mean work experience was 10.75 ± 5.3 years. Following the coding of the interviews, 274 initial codes were extracted. These codes were merged to form 17 subcategories, five categories, and two main themes. The main themes were (i) Positive impacts (professional maturity, and the emergence of a new horizon in the meaning of life) and (ii) Negative impacts (psychological trauma, a decline in professional performance, and spiritual despair).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the context of this type of care, nurses experience dual impacts: on one hand, it uplifts their personal lives and professional performance, while on the other hand, it poses significant threats to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"You treat your stress by doing what you're supposed to do\": a qualitative inquiry into emotion regulation of paramedics and paramedic students in critical incidents.","authors":"Branislav Uhrecký, Veronika Kučerová, Denisa Paksi","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01228-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01228-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergency medical services (EMS) are among the professions with a high degree of responsibility and the frequency of critical situations. Existing research is largely quantitative and provides little insight into the specifics of critical incidents and the emotion regulation strategies used to manage them. Furthermore, little is known about the process by which an experienced paramedic is equipped with emotion regulation resources in the profession.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this study, we interviewed 12 experienced paramedics (at least 4 years of practice) and 10 urgent medical care students about the most intense acute stressors they encounter and the emotion regulation that these stressors trigger.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychological distancing, attention management, cognitive framing and interpersonal self-regulation were used by both groups as means of emotion regulation. Identification with the professional role is a key aspect of maintaining a sense of psychological distance. A balance between distance and connectedness is sought. It is not so easy for paramedic trainees to achieve a sense of psychological distance from patients and relatives, and their attention may shift from the situation to themselves, leading to greater anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emotions and emotion regulation are taboo subjects in paramedic community, but greater awareness of them might be beneficial in psychological adaptation to work.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Application of analgesics in emergency services in Germany: a survey of the medical directors.","authors":"Signe Vilcane, Olga Scharonow, Christian Weilbach, Maximilian Scharonow","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01221-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01221-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water supply for communities affected by natural disaster emergencies: a qualitative study.","authors":"Saeid Bahramzadeh Gendeshmin, Seyed Hesam Seyedin, Mohsen Dowlati","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01225-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01225-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ensuring access to safe drinking water is vital for reducing health risks and strengthening disaster resilience. In water-scarce Iran, where natural disasters further strain resources, water supply experts play a key role in crisis management. Their firsthand experience across diverse regions provides valuable insights. Despite extensive research on emergency water management, this qualitative study explores key dimensions for optimizing drinking water provision to disaster-affected areas and centers by leveraging their expertise in real disaster scenarios.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a qualitative design with conventional content analysis. Data were collected through purposive sampling with maximum variation until saturation was reached, involving participants with academic and practical experience in water supply management during natural disasters. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from March to September 2024 and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman approach. The transcripts were processed using MAXQDA software (version 2020). To ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings, the study followed Lincoln and Guba's criteria, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After analyzing the interviews, 509 initial codes were extracted and grouped into 84 subcategories, 24 categories, and four main themes. These four themes include: prevention and reduction of water supply challenges, covering risk assessment, and legal requirements and standards; preparedness for an optimal response, involving planning, coordination and organization, and training and empowerment; reactive measures namely readiness and initial assessment, and emergency training for the public; and optimal recovery, which focuses on reconstruction, and knowledge management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies critical factors for enhancing emergency water supply during natural disasters. The proposed innovative measures in this study include equipping emergency water extraction taps on main pipelines, considering the social characteristics of geographic areas in emergency water supply planning, and the crucial role of community participation in water management before and after disasters. These findings can help policymakers and water resource managers develop effective regulations and training programs to enhance disaster preparedness and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and psychometric evaluation of the Emergency Medical Services Safe Care Scale (EMSSCS): a mixed-method study.","authors":"Fateme Mohammadi, Rasoul Salimi, Mohammadreza Shokouhi, Salman Khazaei, Mostafa Bijani","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01222-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01222-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Providing safe care by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel at the stressful scene of an incident is one of the most crucial factors influencing the preservation and enhancement of patient health. However, culture, attitudes, and social norms can influence the provision of care at the scene of an accident. Consequently, evaluating safe care practices at incident scenes is imperative and necessitates a specialized assessment tool. Presently, there is a lack of reliable and valid instruments for measuring safe care practices among EMS personnel. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Emergency Medical Services Safe Care Scale (EMSSCS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation employed a mixed-methods design with a sequential exploratory approach, conducted from January 2024 onwards across the southwestern, western, and southeastern regions of Iran. The study was bifurcated into two distinct phases. In the initial phase, a conventional content analysis method was employed to scrutinize the narratives elicited from 41 EMS personnel. In the subsequent phase, the instrument's validity and reliability were rigorously assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Safe care provided by EMS personnel was defined as the management of the incident scene, efficient clinical skills, and effective interaction aimed at delivering principled and safe patient care. Subsequently, based on the derived conceptual framework, a safe care instrument was designed with 44 items across three dimensions. During the qualitative and quantitative content validity 11 items, and face validity 3 items were deleted. Exploratory and confirmatory validity of this scale was approved in three dimensions: \"incident scene management\" (12 items), \"efficient clinical skills\" (10 items), and \"effective interaction\" (8 items). The scale's reliability was reported at 0.95 using Cronbach's alpha method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Emergency Medical Services Safe Care Scale (EMSSCS), demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Consequently, senior managers in pre-hospital emergency services can utilize this instrument to evaluate safe care practices among pre-hospital emergency medical technicians. They can identify the most appropriate strategies, including educational interventions, to enhance safe care provision at incident scenes when necessary.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The urgent need for patients' diagnoses and outcome feedback in Germany's emergency medical services - insights from a web-based survey.","authors":"Anika Kästner, Petra Lücker, Lutz Fischer, Timm Laslo, Berthold Henkel, Jennifer Ehleben, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Neeltje van den Berg","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01218-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01218-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>German Emergency Medical Services (EMS) face growing scrutiny due to regional disparities in quality of care. It is unclear if and how feedback in general is currently provided to EMS staff in Germany, and whether EMS staff receives feedback on patients' diagnoses and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based survey was conducted from June to August 2024 among physician and non-physician EMS staff, focusing on current feedback reception and the perceived need for feedback systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of N = 428 EMS professionals participated in the survey. One-third of the participants reported receiving no feedback (n = 136, 31.8%), while over half of those who did, received feedback infrequently (n = 157, 55.5%). Informal feedback was the main source, with 95.4% of respondents desiring official feedback on the confirmed in-hospital diagnosis, e.g., to learn from previous cases. While 57.5% of emergency physicians occasionally or frequently receive information about the further course of treatment for patients after transport to the hospital, this was reported by only 14.3% (advanced emergency medical technicians) to 29.2% (emergency medical technicians) of non-physician EMS staff. More than 85% of the respondents stated that diagnosis feedback would improve the quality of EMS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Structured feedback mechanisms, essential for quality assurance and improvement, are largely absent for EMS staff in Germany, especially for non-physicians. A strong desire among EMS staff for structured feedback on patients' diagnoses and outcomes was found, which could improve quality of care and staff competence development. However, significant infrastructural and legal barriers persist, hindering the implementation of standardized digital feedback systems within Germany's federalized EMS structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to recruitment of an observational SARS-CoV-2 emergency department cohort at Boston Medical Center.","authors":"Sarah J Thomson, Roxanne Mistry, Henry Bayly, Victoria Overbeck, Manish Sagar, Elissa M Schechter-Perkins, Laura F White, Karen R Jacobson, Tara C Bouton","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01224-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01224-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Successful recruitment of study participants is a challenging component of research, and recruitment barriers are amplified in safety-net hospital (SNH) settings. However, engaging historically underrepresented groups in research is critically important to improve health disparities and outcomes. We summarize challenges we encountered while recruiting patients with COVID-19 from the emergency department (ED), actions to improve inclusivity, and implementation hurdles in an SNH setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational study at the largest safety-net hospital in New England, recruiting patients in the ED with confirmed COVID-19. Investigators prioritized recruitment inclusivity through language translations of study materials, compensation (including transport and travel reimbursement), flexible sample delivery options, and clinical staff engagement. We identified and categorized major impediments to recruitment success.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruitment and retention efforts were largely unsuccessful (n = 4 enrolled of n = 113 eligible by electronic medical record (EMR) review). Barriers to recruitment success included clinical teams' perception of good candidacy, persistent language barriers, limited consent capacity, burden of participation, and ED discharge logistics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite efforts to improve opportunities to participate in research, SNH EDs present unique challenges for recruitment. Study teams should prioritize clinical staff engagement and work with institutions to promote inclusivity and community engagement efforts to improve research engagement in these settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triage decisions and health outcomes among oncology patients: a comparative study of medical and surgical cancer cases in emergency departments.","authors":"Anas Alsharawneh, Rami A Elshatarat, Ghaida Shujayyi Alsulami, Mahmoud H Alrabab'a, Majed S Al-Za'areer, Bandar Naffaa Alhumaidi, Wesam T Almagharbeh, Tahany Fareed Al Niarat, Khaled M Al-Sayaghi, Zyad T Saleh","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01191-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01191-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cancer-related emergencies are a significant challenge for healthcare systems globally, including Jordan. Effective triage is critical in ensuring timely and accurate prioritization of care, especially for surgical cancer patients requiring urgent intervention. However, under-triage-misclassification of high-acuity patients into lower urgency categories-can lead to significant delays and worsened outcomes. Despite the recognized importance of accurate triage, limited research has evaluated its impact on cancer patients in Jordan, particularly those requiring surgical care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the timeliness and prioritization of care for cancer patients admitted through the emergency department (ED) in Jordan. The specific objectives were to examine the association between under-triage and treatment delays and assess its impact on key outcomes, including time to physician assessment, time to treatment, and hospital length of stay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective cohort design was used to analyze data from 481 cancer patients admitted through the ED in four governmental hospitals across Jordan. Two cohorts were established: surgical cancer patients requiring emergency interventions and non-surgical cancer patients presenting with other oncological emergencies. Triage accuracy was assessed using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), and under-triage was identified when patients requiring high urgency care (CTAS I-III) were misclassified into lower urgency categories (CTAS IV-V). Data were collected from electronic health records and analyzed using multiple linear regression to evaluate the association between under-triage and treatment outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The majority of patients were elderly, with a mean age of 62.6 years (± 10.7), and a significant proportion presented with advanced-stage cancer (83.4% in stages III and IV). Surgical patients frequently exhibited severe symptoms such as acute pain (51.6%) and respiratory discomfort (41.1%). Under-triage rates were 44.1% for surgical patients and 39.4% for non-surgical patients. Among surgical patients, under-triage significantly delayed time to physician assessment (β = 34.9 min, p &lt; 0.001) and time to treatment (β = 68.0 min, p &lt; 0.001). For non-surgical patients, under-triage delays were even greater, with prolonged physician assessment times (β = 48.6 min, p &lt; 0.001) and ED length of stay (β = 7.3 h, p &lt; 0.001). Both cohorts experienced significant increases in hospital length of stay (surgical: β = 3.2 days, p = 0.008; non-surgical: β = 3.2 days, p &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Under-triage in Jordanian EDs is strongly associated with significant delays in care for both surgical and non-surgical cancer patients, highlighting systemic gaps in acuity recognition and triage processes. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve triag","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Witness Perceived Safety Scale of prehospital emergency care.","authors":"Farzad Vagrimogadam, Mansoore Karimollahi, Saeid Mehri","doi":"10.1186/s12873-025-01226-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01226-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely, effective and safety out-of hospital care and transfer to hospital by prehospital emergency medical services significantly impacts patient outcomes. This study aimed at translation and psychometric evaluation of the witness perceived safety scale of prehospital emergency care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methodological design was utilized to verify the validity and reliability of the Witness Perceived Safety Scale across two phases: the translation process and an assessment of its validity and reliability. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability of the scale were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Witness Perceived Safety Scale comprises 10 items that were retained following cross-cultural translation. Both face and content validity were deemed acceptable. The fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis supported the model's appropriate fit (χ²/df = 2.41; IFI = 0.96; CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.075). Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.899.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Persian version of the Witness Perceived Safety Scale provides a reliable assessment of witnesses' perceptions of safety during emergency assistance and transfers.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9002,"journal":{"name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}