ISRN Addiction最新文献

Motherhood, Psychological Risks, and Resources in Relation to Alcohol Use Disorder: Are There Differences between Black and White Women? 母性、心理风险和与酒精使用障碍有关的资源：黑人和白人妇女之间存在差异吗？

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2014-04-20 DOI: 10.1155/2014/437080

Sundari Balan, Gregory Widner, Hsing-Jung Chen, Darrell Hudson, Sarah Gehlert, Rumi Kato Price

{"title":"Motherhood, Psychological Risks, and Resources in Relation to Alcohol Use Disorder: Are There Differences between Black and White Women?","authors":"Sundari Balan, Gregory Widner, Hsing-Jung Chen, Darrell Hudson, Sarah Gehlert, Rumi Kato Price","doi":"10.1155/2014/437080","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/437080","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) are generally low among women who have ever had children (mothers) compared to women who have never had children (nonmothers), presenting a motherhood advantage. It is unclear if this advantage accrues to \"Black\" and \"White\" women alike. Using National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave 2 cross-sectional data that is rich in alcohol use and psychological measures, we examined the following: (a) if motherhood is protective for past-year AUD among Black (N = 4, 133) and White women (N = 11, 017); (b) potential explanatory psychological mechanisms; and (c) the role of race. Prevalence of a past-year DSM-IV AUD was lower among White mothers compared to White nonmothers, but this same advantage was not observed for Black women. Perceived stress was a risk for all women, but race-ethnic segregated social networks and perceived discrimination predicted current AUD for Black mothers. Unlike White mothers, current psychological factors but not family history of alcohol problems predicted AUD for Black mothers. Future prospective studies should address the mechanisms by which race, motherhood, and psychological factors interactively affect AUD in women.","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2014 437080","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32485976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Evaluation of Substance Abuse Treatment and HIV Education on Safe Sex Practices in Cocaine Dependent Individuals. 可卡因依赖者药物滥用治疗和安全性行为艾滋病毒教育的评价。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2014-03-04 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/912863

Theresa M Winhusen, Eugene C Somoza, Daniel F Lewis, Frankie Kropp, Jeff Theobald, Ahmed Elkashef

{"title":"An Evaluation of Substance Abuse Treatment and HIV Education on Safe Sex Practices in Cocaine Dependent Individuals.","authors":"Theresa M Winhusen, Eugene C Somoza, Daniel F Lewis, Frankie Kropp, Jeff Theobald, Ahmed Elkashef","doi":"10.1155/2014/912863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/912863","url":null,"abstract":"Background. There is a strong association between crack/cocaine use and increased sexual risk behavior, but little research on the efficacy of HIV education for decreasing such behavior in crack/cocaine-addicted individuals in substance abuse treatment. Method. Datasets from two cocaine dependence trials including either one or three HIV education sessions, respectively, were analyzed for changes over time in the proportion of participants practicing safe sex. A pooled dataset from two earlier trials not offering HIV education was also analyzed. Results. We included 83 participants from the 1-session trial and 65 participants from the 3-session trial. Both sets of participants evidenced a significant increase in the proportion of participants having safe sex with casual partners. Participants in the 3-session HIV education study also evidenced a significant increase in the proportion of participants having safe sex with regular partners. In the trials without HIV education, no change in safe sex practices was found, and change in condom use was observed only among female participants. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with recommendations that HIV education/counseling should be provided to individuals in substance abuse treatment. A randomized controlled trial to confirm these results may be warranted. This trial is registered with NCT00033033, NCT00086255, NCT00015106, and NCT00015132. ","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2014 ","pages":"912863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/912863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33152402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Family-based interventions for the prevention of substance abuse and other impulse control disorders in girls. 基于家庭的干预措施，预防女孩滥用药物和其他冲动控制障碍。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2014-03-03 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/308789

K L Kumpfer

{"title":"Family-based interventions for the prevention of substance abuse and other impulse control disorders in girls.","authors":"K L Kumpfer","doi":"10.1155/2014/308789","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/308789","url":null,"abstract":"Standardized family-based interventions are the most effective way of preventing or treating adolescent substance abuse and delinquency. This paper first reviews the incidence of adolescent substance abuse worldwide emphasizing gender and causes by etiological risk and protective factors. New epigenetic research is included suggesting that nurturing parenting significantly prevents the phenotypic expression of inherited genetic diseases including substance abuse. Evidence-based family interventions are reviewed including family change theories behind their success, principles and types of family-based interventions, research results, cultural adaptation steps for ethnic and international translation, and dissemination issues. The author's Strengthening Family Program is used as an example of how these principles of effective prevention and cultural adaptation can result in highly effective prevention programs not only for substance abuse, but for other impulse control disorders as well. The conclusions include recommendations for more use of computer technologies to cut the high cost of family interventions relative to youth-only prevention programs and increase the public health impact of evidence-based prevention programs. The paper recommends that to reduce health care costs these family-based approaches should be applied to the prevention and treatment of other impulse control disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, sexually transmitted diseases, and delinquency. ","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2014 ","pages":"308789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33146749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescents smoking in the crosslight of other substance use and parental and peers' smoking behaviors. 青少年吸烟与其他物质使用和父母及同伴吸烟行为存在交叉关系。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2014-02-18 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719681

Hervé Kuendig, Marina Delgrande Jordan

引用次数: 3

Pharmacodynamics must inform statistics: an example from a cocaine dependence pharmacotherapy trial. 药效学必须为统计提供信息:一个来自可卡因依赖药物治疗试验的例子。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2014-02-05 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/927290

Theresa M Winhusen, Daniel F Lewis, Eugene C Somoza, Paul Horn

{"title":"Pharmacodynamics must inform statistics: an example from a cocaine dependence pharmacotherapy trial.","authors":"Theresa M Winhusen, Daniel F Lewis, Eugene C Somoza, Paul Horn","doi":"10.1155/2014/927290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/927290","url":null,"abstract":"Background. There is no FDA-approved medication for cocaine dependence or consensus on the statistical approach for analyzing data from cocaine dependence pharmacotherapy trials. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the importance of understanding medication's pharmacodynamics when specifying the statistical model to test its efficacy. Method. Data from a double-blind placebo controlled trial of reserpine for cocaine dependence are analyzed. Since the antihypertensive properties of reserpine are well established, blood pressure data are utilized to evaluate the ability of two statistical models, one that does not take the pharmacodynamics of reserpine into account and one that does, to detect reserpine's antihypertensive effect. Results. The statistical model specified without regard to reserpine's pharmacodynamics failed to find a significant medication effect for either systolic (P = 0.49) or diastolic (P = 0.59) blood pressure. Contrariwise, the model based on the pharmacodynamics of reserpine found a significant effect for both systolic (P = 0.002) and diastolic (P = 0.004) blood pressure. Conclusions. If the pharmacodynamics of a study medication are not considered when specifying statistical models, then erroneous conclusions may be reached. This trial is registered with NCT00033033. ","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2014 ","pages":"927290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/927290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33298683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substance use disorders in men presenting to a psychosexual clinic. 到性心理诊所就诊的男性的物质使用障碍。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2014-01-06 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/486383

Ravi Philip Rajkumar

引用次数: 1

Neuropsychological Functions of μ- and δ-Opioid Systems. μ-和δ-阿片系统的神经心理功能。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2013-12-26 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/674534

Anna G Polunina, Evgeny A Bryun

{"title":"Neuropsychological Functions of μ- and δ-Opioid Systems.","authors":"Anna G Polunina, Evgeny A Bryun","doi":"10.1155/2013/674534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/674534","url":null,"abstract":"Brain opioid innervation is involved in many pathophysiological processes related to drug addiction. The main idea of the present review is that μ-/δ-opioid innervation is an intrinsic component of the motor/approach behavior network, which is activated synergetically with dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic network. Contribution of opioid innervation to the motor/approach behavior processing includes generation of positive emotions and inhibition of pain and stress reactions in order that the individual would be able to reach the vital goal. We cite the neuroanatomical data which showed that motor subcortical nuclei contain the most abundant opioid innervation and its activation is an obligatory component of positive emotions. In the majority of life situations, motor/approach behavior network concomitantly activates pain/stress control opioid network. Intensive cognitive activity induces activation of opioid innervation as well, and both enhancing and impairing effects of opioid agonists on cognitive functioning were demonstrated. Overall, the functioning of endogenous opioid networks may be summarized as following: NO physical/cognitive activity = NO positive emotions plus NO pain/stress control. We suppose that contemporary findings concerning neuropsychological functions of endogenous opioid system explain many controversial issues in neuropsychiatric conditions predisposing to drug addiction and neurological mechanisms of opioid addiction. ","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2013 ","pages":"674534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/674534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33146745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The choice of screening instrument matters: the case of problematic cannabis use screening in spanish population of adolescents. 筛选工具的选择很重要:在西班牙青少年人口中有问题的大麻使用筛选的情况。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2013-11-27 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/723131

Danica Thanki, Antónia Domingo-Salvany, Gregorio Barrio Anta, Amparo Sánchez Mañez, Noelia Llorens Aleixandre, Josep Maria Suelves, Begoña Brime Beteta, Julián Vicente

{"title":"The choice of screening instrument matters: the case of problematic cannabis use screening in spanish population of adolescents.","authors":"Danica Thanki, Antónia Domingo-Salvany, Gregorio Barrio Anta, Amparo Sánchez Mañez, Noelia Llorens Aleixandre, Josep Maria Suelves, Begoña Brime Beteta, Julián Vicente","doi":"10.1155/2013/723131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/723131","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of problem cannabis use screening instruments administration within wide school surveys, their psychometric properties, overlaps, and relationships with other variables. Students from 7 Spanish regions, aged 14-18, who attended secondary schools were sampled by two-stage cluster sampling (net sample 14,589). Standardized, anonymous questionnaire including DSM-IV cannabis abuse criteria, Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST), and Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) was self-completed with paper and pencil in the selected classrooms. Data was analysed using classical psychometric theory, bivariate tests, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Not responding to instruments' items (10.5-12.3%) was associated with reporting less frequent cannabis use. The instruments overlapped partially, with 16.1% of positives being positive on all three. SDS was more likely to identify younger users with lower frequency of use who thought habitual cannabis use posed a considerable problem. CAST positivity was associated with frequent cannabis use and related problems. It is feasible to use short psychometric scales in wide school surveys, but one must carefully choose the screening instrument, as different instruments identify different groups of users. These may correspond to different types of problematic cannabis use; however, measurement bias seems to play a role too. ","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2013 ","pages":"723131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/723131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33298684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Deficits of affect mentalization in patients with drug addiction: theoretical and clinical aspects. 药物成瘾患者的情感化缺陷:理论与临床方面。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2013-11-11 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/250751

Svetoslav Savov, Nikola Atanassov

引用次数: 28

Active Drug-Using Women Use Female-Initiated Barrier Methods to Reduce HIV/STI Risk: Results from a Randomized Trial. 一项随机试验的结果表明，积极使用药物的妇女使用女性发起的屏障方法来降低艾滋病毒/性传播感染风险。

ISRN Addiction Pub Date : 2013-09-23 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/768258

Erica Gollub, Elena Cyrus-Cameron, Kay Armstrong, Tamara Boney, Delinda Mercer, Danielle Fiore, Sumedha Chhatre

{"title":"Active Drug-Using Women Use Female-Initiated Barrier Methods to Reduce HIV/STI Risk: Results from a Randomized Trial.","authors":"Erica Gollub, Elena Cyrus-Cameron, Kay Armstrong, Tamara Boney, Delinda Mercer, Danielle Fiore, Sumedha Chhatre","doi":"10.1155/2013/768258","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/768258","url":null,"abstract":"Unlabelled: Background. We tested an original, woman-focused intervention, based on body empowerment, and female-initiated barrier methods, including the female condom (FC) and cervical barriers. Methods. Eligible women were >= 18 years of age, HIV seronegative, and active drug users, reporting 30% or greater unprotected sex acts. Both controls (C) and intervention (I) participants received enhanced HIV/STI harm reduction counseling. I participants underwent 5 additional weekly group sessions. We compared change in frequency of unprotected vaginal intercourse across arms at 12 months. Results. Among 198 enrolled women, over 95% completed followup. Two-thirds were African-American; most of them used crack, had a primary partner, and reported sex exchange. In paired t-tests from baseline to followup, the frequency of unprotected vaginal sex dropped significantly for I (primary P < 0.00, nonprimary P < 0.002) and C (primary P < 0.008, nonprimary P < 0.000) arms with all partners. The difference in change across arms was of borderline significance for primary partner (P = 0.075); no difference was seen for nonprimary partner (P = 0.8). Use of male condom and FC increased with both partner types over time, but more consistently among I women.Conclusion: The \"value-added\" impact of the intervention was observed mainly with primary partners. Body knowledge with routine FC counseling should be incorporated into interventions for drug-using women.","PeriodicalId":89949,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Addiction","volume":"2013 ","pages":"768258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33146746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0