{"title":"Alaska: Are We the Waiting?","authors":"Glenn Wright","doi":"10.5070/P2cjpp9437350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2cjpp9437350","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Wright, Glenn | Abstract: In the wake of 2014’s global collapse in oil prices, Alaska continues to struggle with a hugedeficit. Fortunately, the state has over $60 billion in savings to finance its fiscal gap, but Alaskanscontinue to fight over the need for spending cuts and new taxes. Outside of state governmentrevenue, Alaska’s economy remains relatively unaffected by low oil prices, and the state’sreserve funds are growing. So far, though, Alaska’s legislature has not generated a coherent solutionto the state’s unbalanced budget for the long term.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2cjpp9437350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arizona: Structurally Balanced Only If You Omit Funding Shortfalls","authors":"David R. Wells","doi":"10.5070/P2CJPP9437349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2CJPP9437349","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Wells, David | Abstract: The FY2018 Arizona budget had the most discretionary dollars in years with the bulk of it directedtoward K-12 education. “Structural balance” was maintained, demonstrating a new normalin Arizona budgeting. Expenditure growth was less than inflation and population growth. Anotherlawsuit was filed with respect to inadequate state investment in school facilities. A more carefulanalysis finds the state will expend only $3 for every $4 it spent in FY2007 adjusted forpopulation growth and inflation. Rollovers continue to take 10 percent of the budget, eventhough the expansion is in its eighth year. Consequently, structural balance hides a great manyfundamental weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2CJPP9437349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44050654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Mexico: Difficult Beginnings and Difficult Ends","authors":"Kim Seckler","doi":"10.5070/P2CJPP9437342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2CJPP9437342","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Seckler, Kim | Abstract: In spring 2017, the New Mexico State Legislature faced difficult financial and political challenges.Persistent high unemployment, high poverty, and outward migration combined with weakoil revenues and reduced federal spending has resulted in a steady reduction in General Fundrevenues. Shrinking revenues caused state legislators to twice revisit current appropriation levelswith the goal of avoiding budget deficits and providing assurances to investor rating agencies.Political discord regarding the appropriate fiscal remedy has made the financial situation moredifficult as legislators and the governor debate the need to increase revenues or cut state agencybudgets. At the conclusion of regular and special sessions, the legislature enacted a $6.1 billionbudget for the fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2017. The enacted budget reflects a small increasein public school funding (half of one percent) and a decrease in spending for higher education(one percent). Legislators ultimately provided the governor with multiple potential revenue increases.The governor vetoed all such increases opting to approve the use of severance tax bondproceeds from suspended infrastructure projects to balance the operational budget. The proceedsprovided just enough to balance the budget leaving only $24 million in reserve.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2CJPP9437342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"California: Taxing Times in the Sanctuary State","authors":"Brian S. DiSarro, Wesley Hussey","doi":"10.5070/P2cjpp9437348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2cjpp9437348","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): DiSarro, Brian; Hussey, Wesley | Abstract: California passed a fairly uncontentious 2017‒2018 budget as the state focused more onPresident Donald Trump, and on Governor Jerry Brown’s ultimately successful attempt to corralthe state legislature into passing a new gas tax. Legislative Democrats specifically targetedTrump’s immigration policies, focusing on a bill that would make California a “sanctuary state.”Meanwhile, Brown worked diligently to marshal support for the new tax, which required a twothirdssupermajority vote. Even with a largely unified Republican opposition, Democrats heldtogether their legislative supermajority won in 2016 and approved a rare tax increase in theGolden State. They followed it by passing the budget, as well as an extension of California’scap-and-trade system designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Collectively, DemocraticCalifornia has positioned itself in diametric opposition to a Republican Trump Administration.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2cjpp9437348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45623464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ball, J. Tennert, Alexandra R. Haslam, L. Jowers, Jennifer L. Robinson
{"title":"Utah: Scrabbling for Innovation absent a Crisis","authors":"J. Ball, J. Tennert, Alexandra R. Haslam, L. Jowers, Jennifer L. Robinson","doi":"10.5070/P2cjpp9437340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2cjpp9437340","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Ball, Jonathan; Tennert, Juliette; Haslam, Alexandria; Jowers, Luke; Robinson, Jennifer | Abstract: The 2017 Utah legislative session, an intensely busy 45 days, focused heavily on tax reform,funding of public schools, and addressing the state’s homeless crisis. At the conclusion of thesession, the FY18 budget totaled $16.2 billion, a seven percent increase over the FY17 budget.Public schools received a large increasing in funding—in total a seven percent increase to addressstudent growth and other programs. The discussions about tax reform failed to produce anyagreements and will likely be addressed in the 2018 session. Although homelessness was addressedwith more than $12 million in funding for new homeless shelters, low-income housing,and expanding a 10-year tax credit, the crisis in the state continues to grow and a special sessionis likely to be held in fall 2017. This report provides the details about the 2017 legislative session,the FY18 budget, and the factors—such as demographics and economics—that impacted thebudget.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2cjpp9437340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hawai'i: A Prosperous but Vulnerable State","authors":"Colin D. Moore","doi":"10.5070/P2CJPP9437346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2CJPP9437346","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Moore, Colin D. | Abstract: Hawai’i adopted a state budget that authorizes $14.1 billion in spending for the 2018 fiscalyear. Although the state economy has benefited from a robust tourism industry and increasedfederal defense spending, the state’s roads and bridges are in poor repair, and its public employeepension system is underfunded by more than $14 billion. Additionally, the high-speed rail systemthat is currently being built to serve Honolulu—which state taxes support—faces a fundingshortfall of $1.3 billion. Overall, the state’s fiscal condition is reasonably good, but Hawai’i remainsvulnerable to declines in the tourism industry and reduced federal spending.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2CJPP9437346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wyoming: \"Death before Taxes\"","authors":"R. Schuhmann, M. Springer","doi":"10.5070/P2CJPP9437338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2CJPP9437338","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Schuhmann, Robert A.; Springer, Misty | Abstract: In 2017 Wyoming faced one of the most divisive legislative sessions in memory; it was adark fiscal climate driven by lower than expected oil and gas prices. In the midst of decliningstate revenue, lawmakers rejected any new taxes or increases of others, while cutting the statebudget by $400 million. Although revenues appear to be stabilizing, an uncertain fiscal climateremains.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2CJPP9437338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Washington: The Budget That Never Happened","authors":"M. Artime, F. Benjamin, Erin Richards","doi":"10.5070/P2cjpp9437339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2cjpp9437339","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Artime, Michael; Benjamin, Francis; Richards, Erin | Abstract: The crafting of the Washington state 2017‒2019 biennial budget during the 2017 legislativesession coincided with the looming deadline set by the Washington Supreme Court inthe McCleary decision requiring a sustainable system to achieve “ample provision” for equitableK-12 support. Washington’s improving urban economy lessened some of the budget challenges,eviscerated by divided government and the Supreme Court’s McCleary and Hirst decisions. Inwhat is become common place, the legislature required multiple special sessions to, on the lastday prior to the mandated budget shutdown, pass the McCleary fulfilling operating budget. Threespecial sessions, however, weren’t enough for the legislature to negotiate a solution to the Hirstdecision. This standoff between rural water rights and development resulted in the state capitalbudget being held as a pawn in the negotiations and is indicative of the greater challenges facingWashington State and its divided population, economy and territory.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2cjpp9437339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nevada: Blue Wave and a Progressive Agenda","authors":"R. Morin","doi":"10.5070/P2CJPP9437343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2CJPP9437343","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Morin, Robert | Abstract: Nevada has experienced steady economic improvement as it continues its recovery from theGreat Recession of 2008. The state budget is resting on a solid foundation in terms of satisfyingrevenue projections contained in the 2015‒2017 biennial budget. The state successfully facedand responded to a state economic environment that has been characterized for the past few yearsby recession, a budget crisis and political budget fights. The 2017‒2019 biennial budget was theresult of divided government. The Senate and the Assembly—with Democrat majority control,and Governor Sandoval—a Republican, resulted in Nevada adopting a 2017‒2019 biennialbudget that was the result of compromises. The 2017‒2019 legislatively approved appropriationsclosely resemble the 2015‒2017 biennial budget on a category basis. Economic recovery, economicgrowth, and incremental tax revenue growth constituted the basic approach taken to budgetingby the 2017 Nevada Legislature and Governor Sandoval.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2CJPP9437343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47316943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oregon: Growing and Uncertain Spending Commitments","authors":"Mark Henkels, B. Steel","doi":"10.5070/P2CJPP9437341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/P2CJPP9437341","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Henkels, Mark; Steel, Brent S. | Abstract: The foremost challenge facing the Oregon Legislature confronts nearly all state and localgovernments today: meeting growing and uncertain spending commitments while funding thepublic employee retirement system adequately. There is more than magnitude to this problem.The solutions are constricted by a rigid revenue system, funding patterns locked in by party politics,an initiative system that fosters spending commitments more easily than revenue raising,and strong judicial protections of public employee contractual guarantees. To capture the contextof the budget debates of the Winter/Spring of 2017, this paper examines the nature and legaciesof the November 2017 election, Oregon’s broad economic context, and the core budget debateswithin Salem.","PeriodicalId":89903,"journal":{"name":"California journal of politics and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/P2CJPP9437341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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