Journal of cancer research updates最新文献

{"title":"Epsin Family of Endocytic Adaptor Proteins as Oncogenic Regulators of Cancer Progression.","authors":"Kandice L Tessneer,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Cai,&nbsp;Satish Pasula,&nbsp;Yunzhou Dong,&nbsp;Xiaolei Liu,&nbsp;Baojun Chang,&nbsp;John McManus,&nbsp;Scott Hahn,&nbsp;Lili Yu,&nbsp;Hong Chen","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor cell migration result from an accumulation of oncogenic mutations that alter protein expression and the regulation of various signaling cascades. Epsins, a small family of clathrin-mediated endocytic adaptor proteins, are reportedly upregulated in a variety of cancers. Importantly, loss of epsins protects against tumorigenesis, thus supporting an oncogenic role for epsins in cancer. Although a clear relationship between epsins and cancer has evolved, the importance of this relationship with regards to cancer progression and anti-cancer therapies remains unclear. In this review, we summarize epsins' role as endocytic adaptors that modulate VEGF and Notch signaling through the regulated internalization of VEGFR2 and trans-endocytosis of Notch receptors. As both VEGF and Notch signaling have significant implications in angiogenesis, we focus on the newly identified role for epsins in tumor angiogenesis. In addition to epsins' canonical role in receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the resulting downstream signaling regulation, we discuss the non-canonical role of epsins as regulators of small GTPases and the implications this has on tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Given epsins' identified roles in tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor cell invasion, we predict that the investigative links between epsins and cancer will provide new insights into the importance of endocytic adaptors and their potential use as future therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 3","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/fa/nihms539554.PMC3911794.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32096213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Template-Based Inverse Planning Simulated Annealing for CT-Based High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer: Feasibility Study","authors":"K. Yan, L. Doyle, H. Liu, P. Anné, A. Harrison, Yan Yu, J. Cao","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Purpose : To investigate the feasibility of using an inverse planning technique for CT-based ring and tandem high-dose rate brachytherapy of cervical cancer. Methods and Materials : Two patients previously treated with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer were retrospectively identified for this study. Each patient had five intracavitary insertions using CT/MR-compatible tandem and ring applicators. The 6Gy isodose lines from the original clinical plans were converted into a structure set (S6) using MIMvista. Inverse plans were then generated in Oncentra using the inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) with S6 as the optimization target. The dose to 0.1cm 3 , 1cm 3 , 5cm 3 of bladder (D B0.1 , D B1 , and D B5 ) and rectum (D R0.1 , D R1 , D R5 ) were determined from the dose volume histogram (DVH). Percentage of physician drawn clinical target volume (CTV) and S6 coverage (V 100CTV , V 100S6 ) were also recorded. Results : The mean V 100%CTV of the original clinical plans and the inverse plans were 88.14% and 87.57%. The mean V 100%S6 of the original clinical plans and the inverse plans was 98.68% and 97.00%. The mean dose reduction for D B0.1 , D B1 and D B5 were 5.4%, 5.4%, and 4.7%, respectively. The mean dose reduction for D R0.1 , D R1 and D R5 were 6.4%, 5.5%, and 4.8%. Conclusions : This work demonstrated the feasibility of this structure-based inverse planning. It can achieve comparable CTV coverage while reducing dose to critical structures. Once template structure set is constructed, this procedure can not only reduce planning time, but improve quality assurance by standardizing the procedure. This approach can be directly extended to other applicator-based brachytherapy procedures.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Reports of Cancer Patients with Hepatic Metastases Treated by Standardized Plant Immunomodulatory Preparations","authors":"T. Hajtó, A. Kirsch","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma often has a multifocal tumor pattern with markedly depressed hepatic function. Hepatic resection in many cases results in no long-term benefit. After a chemotherapy hepatic tumors rarely disappear completely and the duration of responses is short. In the last decades growing evidence suggested that a disturbed balance in the innate system can also play a role in the poor prognosis of hepatic tumors. Objectives: The aim of this article is to present and discuss several favorable clinical responses of patients with hepatic metastases who parallel to conventional oncologic therapy, were treated with immunologically effective and standardized plant extracts. Course of Therapy and Results: In accordance with the bell-shaped dose-response relationship of mistletoe lectins (MLs), the patients were treated with a fermented mistletoe extract (ME) preparation, standardized for the active sugar- binding lectin contents. Thus, an optimal dose between 0.5 and 1.0ng/kg MLs was given twice a week subcutaneously. In addition to ML therapy, a heteropolysaccharide rice bran preparation standardized for arabinoxylan (12-45mg/kg MGN-3/Biobran R twice a week) and wheat germ extract (WGE) standardized for 2, 6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (50- R four times a week) was also given. In these case reports the clinical progress of seven patients showed a complete or nearly complete remission of hepatic metastases. Conclusion: ML, MGN-3 and WGE seem to be potent candidates to be regarded as a supportive therapy to surgery, hormone treatment or chemotherapy for patients with hepatic metastases. These case reports require further clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Defined Compounds and Drugs","authors":"C. Naujokat, S. Laufer","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that possess self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity and the ability to give rise to the heterogenous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs possess numerous intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, novel tumor-targeted drugs and radiation therapy, allowing them to survive current cancer therapies and to initiate tumor recurrence and metastasis. Recently, different pathways that confer resistance and survival of CSCs, but also compounds and drugs that selectively target some of these pathways in CSCs have been identified. Such compounds and drugs include antibiotics like salinomycin, phytochemicals such as parthenolide, cyclopamine, EGCG, resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane and oxymatrine, the small molecule inhibitors vismodegib and repertaxin, monoclonal antibodies and antibody constructs raised against cell surface proteins expressed by CSCs, and, surprisingly, some classical drugs such as metformin, tranilast and thioridazine. These agents exhibit significant anti-CSC activity, alone or in combination with cytostatic drugs or tumor-targeted drugs, as recently shown in vitro and in human xenograft mice. Since current cancer therapies fail to eliminate CSCs, leading to cancer recurrence and progression, selective targeting of CSCs with compounds and drugs introduced herein may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to eradicate cancer.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"36-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Abdomen Syndrome Caused by a Perforated Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor – A Case Report","authors":"T. Kıvılcım, F. Altıntoprak, Feyyaz Onuray, S. Beyaz, M. Yıldırım, O. Dilek","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are frequently observed in the stomach and intestines. Although they may be presented with various symptoms depending on their location and diameter, acute abdomen syndrome is a rare presentation form for GIST. A 54-year-old male patient was evaluated with the complaint of sudden onset abdominal pain at the urology clinic. In examination; fever (38.5 EsC), abdominal distension and peritoneum irritation signs were detected. A mass that contained localized necrotic areas thought to have mesentery origins and intraabdominal free-fluid were detected on abdominal computed tomography. The patient was operated with the diagnosis of acute abdomen syndome. In operation; extensive intestinal content in the abdomen, a perforated tumoral mass which was 7x5 cm in diameter, and anti-mesenterically localized at the ileum segment were detected. Segmental ileum resection-end ileostomy operation was performed, and the patient was discharged as uneventful on post-operative tenth day. As a result of a histopathological analysis, a GIST (<5/50 mitotic growth) was detected. By means of this finding, we want to remind that GISTs may be presented with acute abdomen symptoms due to perforation, though rarely.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Cancer and Anti-Microbial Activity Studies of Some Complexes of Trimethoprim","authors":"A. El-Shekeil, A. Omer, Sama A. Z. Al-Aghbari, O. Al‐Shuja'a","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: 2,4-Diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine, trimethoprim (TMP), was reacted with Cu, Zn, Fe and Ti. The products were characterized by elemental (CHN) analysis, FTIR, magnetic moment measurements, conductance measurements, electronic spectra, 13 C spectra. All complexes were investigated for their anti-bacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were also screened for their in vitro anti-cancer potential using Hela and PC3 cells. All the complexes showed excellent anti-bacterial activity even more than TMP while TMP-Ti displayed good cytotoxic activity in vitro against Hela cells and TMP-Cu showed moderate cytotoxicity against PC3 cells.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Audit to Evaluate the Clinical Safety and PSA Response of Firmagon® (Degarelix) in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Prostate Cancer","authors":"N. Vasdev, Patricia McClurey, D. Gray, A. Bhatti, D. Chadwick","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives : To evaluate the clinical safety and PSA response in patients with metastatic prostate cancer being treated with Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) and to assess the drug's safety profile. Patients and Methods : This was an audit of 35 patients with PSA levels >50 and advanced metastatic prostate cancer at presentation who received Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) as per our North East & Cumbria Cancer Drug Approvals Group (NECDAG), UK guidelines. The audit was conducted using results from three hospitals in North East England with an aim to evaluate the safety profile, clinical and PSA response with this new drug. Baseline symptoms at diagnosis, presenting PSA and post treatment parameters on the commencement of with Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) were recorded. All patients in our cohort were homogenous having had not received any previous treatment including any form of LHRH analogue therapy. PSA levels were measured at 6 weekly intervals initially followed by 3 monthly intervals to evaluate initial and long term response to treatment with Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ). Results : There was no incidence of anaphylaxis or injection site complications on immediate administration of Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ). No of our patients had renal or liver toxicity in our series. There was no incidence of tumour flare in any patient. A total of 23% of patients who presented primarily with severe bone pain described a complete resolution of Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) and required no adjuvant treatment such as bisphosphonates or palliative radiotherapy. A significant reduction in PSA levels were noted immediately at 6 weeks and 3 months following treatment with Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) (p=0.0038). Conclusions : Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) is a safe drug is well tolerated in patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer. The reason of how bone pain completely resolves in some patients with extensive bone metastasis on the commencement of Firmagon ® ( Degarelix ) needs to be evaluated.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferior Vena Cava Tumour Thrombus from Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumour Detected with F-18 FDG PET/CT","authors":"N. Kearney, S. Fernando, L. Allen, K. Rogers","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: 21-year-old male presented with recently diagnosed metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumour and left orchidectomy. CT demonstrated mixed density in the inferior vena cava (IVC) extending from the union of the common iliac veins to the level of the liver just below the confluence of the hepatic veins. Retroperitoneal nodal disease and deposits in the left lung were suspicious for metastatic deposits. F-18Flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT images demonstrated avid FDG uptake within the lumen of the IVC from the level of the renal veins, with extension into both renal veins, to the level of T10. While benign and malignant thrombi have previously been demonstrated on F18-FDG PET imaging, this case highlights the use of F-18 FDG PET/CT when identifying tumour thrombosis in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumour.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"2 1","pages":"33-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Significance of the Proteasome Subunit LMP2/1i as a Tumor Suppressor in Human Uterine Leiomyosarcoma","authors":"Takuma Hayashi, A. Horiuchi, K. Sano, G. Gur, H. Aburatani, O. Ishiko, N. Yaegashi, T. Shiozawa, Y. Kanai, D. Zharhary, S. Tonegawa, I. Konishi","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2012.01.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2012.01.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine leiomyosarcoma (Ut-LMS) develops more often in the muscle tissue layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of Ut-LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not yet known. Importantly, a diagnostic-biomarker which distinguishes malignant Ut-LMS from other uterine mesenchymal tumors including leiomyoma (LMA) is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze risk factors associated with Ut-LMS, to establish a clinical treatment method. Proteasome subunit, low-molecular mass polypeptide(LMP2)/b1i-deficient mice spontaneously develop Ut-LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~40% by 14 months of age. Recent experiments with human and mouse uterine tissues revealed defective LMP2/b1i expression in human Ut-LMS that was traced to the interferon (IFN)-g pathway and a specific effect of Janus kinase (JAK)-1 somatic mutations on LMP2/ b1i transcriptional activation. Furthermore, analysis of a human Ut-LMS cell line clarified the biological significance of LMP2/b1i in malignant myometrium transformation and the cell cycle, thus implicating LMP2/b1i as an anti-tumorigenic candidate. Therefore, defective-LMP2/b1i expression may be a risk factor for human Ut-LMS. LMP2/b1i is a potential diagnostic-biomarker for Ut-LMS, and may be a targeted-molecule for a new clinical therapeutic approach.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"51 1","pages":"181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the Tumoricidal Activity of Daunomycin-pHPMA Conjugates Using Vitamin B12 as a Targeting Agent","authors":"G. Russell-Jones, K. McTavish, J. Mcewan, K. Thurmond","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2012.01.02.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2012.01.02.6","url":null,"abstract":"Many different types of tumour have previously been shown to over-express cell-surface receptors involved in the uptake of Vitamin B12 (VB12). We have examined the potential of using VB12 as a targeting agent for the delivery of pHPMA-conjugated daunomycin in four murine tumour models. VB12-targeted-duanomycin-HPMA conjugates were found to increase both the number of survivors and the survival time of tumour-bearing mice. The data indicate that VB12 may be highly effective in enhancing the efficacy of polymer-bound cytotoxins, particularly in those tumours that over- express receptors involved in vitamin B12 uptake.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"1 1","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71252334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}