International journal of statistics and probability最新文献_第3页

The Just-About-Right Pilot Sample Size to Control the Error Margin 控制误差范围的适当试点样本量

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n3p1

Scholastica C. Obodo, D. Toher, Paul White

引用次数: 0

The Small Area Estimation of Economic Security: A Proposal 经济安全的小区域评估:一个建议

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n3p8

Mario Marino, Silvia Pacei

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Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 12, No. 2 《国际统计与概率杂志》第12卷第2期审稿人致谢

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p49

Wendy Smith

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The Importance of Type II Error in Hypothesis Testing 二类误差在假设检验中的重要性

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p42

I. Jiménez-Gamero, M. Analla

{"title":"The Importance of Type II Error in Hypothesis Testing","authors":"I. Jiménez-Gamero, M. Analla","doi":"10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p42","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical tests of significance theoretically deal with two mutually exclusive hypotheses: the null and the alternative. However, at least in biomedical assays, only the null hypothesis is taken into account through type I error evaluation. But, basing these tests solely on type I error has two drawbacks: first, the probability limits (5%, 1% and 0.1%) arbitrarily set to the significance levels have no scientific justification. Second, acceptation of the null hypothesis is just a matter of chance, as it is mainly conditioned by the sample size due to its direct effect on the power of the test. In this sense, while the alternative hypothesis should be accepted due to its higher likelihood, the inference based on type I error alone would lead erroneously to accepting the null one. A numerical example illustrates how considering type I error alone, a same difference was declared non-significant first but turned out to significant thereafter when the sample size was increased. Therefore, the same null hypothesis was initially accepted and rejected afterwards. However when type II error was included in the test, the same decision was adopted no matter what the sample size was. This was possible through a reformulation of the alternative hypothesis. On the other hand, type II error may, in many cases have more far-reaching consequences than type I, and then should never be ignored, especially in assays dealing with human health, food, toxicity, etc.","PeriodicalId":89781,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics and probability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44687615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliability of Meta-Analysis Research Claims for Gas Stove Cooking−Childhood Respiratory Health Associations 煤气炉烹饪-儿童呼吸系统健康协会荟萃分析研究声明的可靠性

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n3p40

W. Kindzierski, S. Young, John Dunn

{"title":"Reliability of Meta-Analysis Research Claims for Gas Stove Cooking−Childhood Respiratory Health Associations","authors":"W. Kindzierski, S. Young, John Dunn","doi":"10.5539/ijsp.v12n3p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v12n3p40","url":null,"abstract":"Odds ratios or p-values from individual observational studies can be combined to examine a common cause−effect research question in meta-analysis. However, reliability of individual studies used in meta-analysis should not be taken for granted as claimed cause−effect associations may not reproduce. An evaluation was undertaken on meta-analysis of base papers examining gas stove cooking (including nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and childhood asthma and wheeze associations. Numbers of hypotheses tested in 14 of 27 base papers (52%) used in meta-analysis of asthma and wheeze were counted. Test statistics used in the meta-analysis (40 odds ratios with 95% confidence limits) were converted to p-values and presented in p-value plots. The median (interquartile range) of possible numbers of hypotheses tested in the 14 base papers was 15,360 (6,336−49,152). None of the 14 base papers made mention of correcting for multiple testing, nor was any explanation offered if no multiple testing procedure was used. Given large numbers of hypotheses available, statistics drawn from base papers and used for meta-analysis are likely biased. Even so, p-value plots for gas stove−current asthma and gas stove−current wheeze associations show randomness consistent with unproven gas stove harms. The meta-analysis fails to provide reliable evidence for public health policy making on gas stove harms to children in North America. NO2 is not established as a biologically plausible explanation of a causal link with childhood asthma. Biases – multiple testing and p-hacking – cannot be ruled out as explanation for a gas stove−current asthma association claim. Selective reporting is another bias in published literature of gas stove–childhood respiratory health studies.","PeriodicalId":89781,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics and probability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45208171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Olsavs: A New Algorithm For Model Selection Olsavs:一种新的模型选择算法

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p28

Nicklaus T. Hicks, Hasthika S. Rupasinghe Arachchige Don

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A Heteroscedastic Analog of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test When There Is A Covariate 存在协变量时Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney检验的异方差模拟

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-03-11 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p18

R. Wilcox

引用次数: 1

Joint Estimation of Binomial Proportions 二项比例的联合估计

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p8

K. Riggs, Stephanie Weatherford

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Wavelet Estimation of a Density From Observations of Almost Periodically Correlated Process Under Positive Quadrant Dependence 正象限依赖下概周期相关过程观测密度的小波估计

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n2p1

Moussa Koné, V. Monsan

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Bayesian Predictive Inference Under Nine Methods for Incorporating Survey Weights 九种调查权重合并方法下的贝叶斯预测推理

International journal of statistics and probability Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.5539/ijsp.v12n1p33

Lingli Yang, B. Nandram, J. Choi

{"title":"Bayesian Predictive Inference Under Nine Methods for Incorporating Survey Weights","authors":"Lingli Yang, B. Nandram, J. Choi","doi":"10.5539/ijsp.v12n1p33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v12n1p33","url":null,"abstract":"Sample surveys play a significant role in obtaining reliable estimators of finite population quantities, and survey weights are used to deal with selection bias and non-response bias. The main idea of this research is to compare the performance of nine methods with differently constructed survey weights, and we can use these methods for non-probability sampling after weights are estimated (e.g. quasi-randomization). The original survey weights are calibrated to the population size. In particular, the base model does not include survey weights or design weights. We use original survey weights, adjusted survey weights, trimmed survey weights, and adjusted trimmed survey weights into pseudo-likelihood function to build unnormalized or normalized posterior distributions. In this research, we focus on binary data, which occur in many different situations. \u0000A simulation study is performed and we analyze the simulated data using average posterior mean, average posterior standard deviation, average relative bias, average posterior root mean squared error, and the coverage rate of 95% credible intervals. We also performed an application on body mass index to further understand these nine methods. The results show that methods with trimmed weights are preferred than methods with untrimmed weights, and methods with adjusted weights have higher variability than methods with unadjusted weights.","PeriodicalId":89781,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics and probability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45230403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0