{"title":"Comparative Study of In Vitro Root and Shoot Proliferation from the Node Explants of Asparagus racemosus Willd","authors":"K. Dahal, S. D. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22523","url":null,"abstract":"Asparagus racemosus Willd. locally known as Kurilo or Shatavari is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal. It is a high value herb because of its medicinal and nutritional values which is leading this species decrease in its natural habitat. Hence, to conserve this species, an in vitro tissue culture method of its multiplication has been applied as an effective method of ex situ conservation. In the experiment, although most of the treatments induced highly insignificant number of adventitious shoots, low concentration of IBA (0.1-0.5 mg/l) in combination with relatively higher concentrations of Kinetin (1.0-2.0 mg/l) in MS medium were found to be significantly inducing up to 8.33±1.308 shoots/node. Among the treatments where hormones were used singly, IAA 0.5 and Kinetin 1.0 induced 4.83±1.08 and 4.66±1.43 shots/node respectively. Hence, a protocol for the effective multiplication of this species has been developed which can be used accordingly.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89442963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Different Concentrations of Sucrose on Vase Life of Rose (Rosa sps.cv. Dutch Hybrid)","authors":"G. Chaudhary, A. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22539","url":null,"abstract":"Keeping quality is an important parameter for evaluation of rose cut flower quality, both in export and domestic markets as fresh cut rose flowers are highly perishable due to limited water uptake and low available energy. Carbohydrate is the main food source to maintain the energy requirement for flowers .An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Laboratory of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung, Nepal on January 2017 in order to find out best concentration of sucrose that enhances and prolongs the better flower quality and longevity. Experiment was laid out with 10 treatments viz. tap water, tap water + 2% sucrose, tap water + 4% sucrose, tap water + 6% sucrose, tap water + 8% sucrose, distilled water, distilled water + 2% sucrose, distilled water + 4% sucrose, distilled water + 6% sucrose and distilled water + 8% sucrose under completely randomized design with three replications. Rose sticks were harvested at flower bud stage and two sticks were kept in each vase solution. Effect of different concentrations of sucrose solution on water uptake, weight gain or loss, neck bending, flower diameter, days to full bloom and vase life was affected significantly. The rose flower held in distilled water + 6% Sucrose was recorded to have higher value (7.77cm) for flower diameter at 10 days followed by Tap water + 6% Sucrose with value 7.62cm. Similarly, lower flower diameter (2.29cm) was observed in Tap water at Day16 followed by Distilled water with value 3.21cm. Similar pattern was observed in all other parameters having highest vase life (19.5 days) in Distilled water + 6% Sucrose and lowest (15.17 days) in tap water only. Among different concentrations of sucrose solution, distilled water + 6% sucrose was found highly effective for longevity of cultivar.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83579373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Fungicides Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis in Vitro at Lamjung, Nepal","authors":"N. Dahal, R. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22520","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium is a soil borne pathogen which is common in almost all types of soil causing heavy losses in the crop production. Long term survival of pathogen in the soil as chlamydospores has increased its threat making it a highly devastating disease. High accessibility and simple application process of chemical control method has made it an effective and highly adopted approach of eliminating disease causing organisms. The present study was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung Campus to test the efficacy of fungicides in-vitro by poisoned food technique in PDA medium against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. The fungicides tested were Carbendazim (50% WP), Chlorothalonil (75% WP) and Dithane M-45 (75% WP) at three different concentrations (100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm). The treatments were arranged in complete randomized design and replicated five times. The measurement of diameter of the fungal mycelium was taken 8 times at 48 hours interval until the fungus nearly covered the plate in control treatment and inhibition percent of the chemicals were calculated. All the fungicides inhibited the fungal growth significantly, among which carbendazim was highly effective in all the concentrations reducing 100% of mycelial growth followed by chlorothalonil. Dithane M-45 showed least inhibition i.e. 26.62% in 200 ppm (day 13). The chemicals exhibited increased tendency of inhibition with increased concentration.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81875700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supply Chain of Subsidized Chemical Fertilizers in Nepal","authors":"H. Panta","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22509","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was conducted with different supply chain actors of chemical fertilizers for studying the supply chain of chemical fertilizers in Nepal in 2018. Chemical fertilizers in Nepal are imported from different manufacturing countries like Turkey, China, Egypt and India by global tender and by government to government negotiation especially from India. Potential demand for fertilizer in Nepal is about 7,00,000 MT of which actual supply in the year 2016/17 was 3,24,977MT. Average subsidy on chemical fertilizer in Nepal since 2008/09 is estimated to be NRs. 3,73,42,27,780 (43.78%). Procurement, shipping, warehousing at port, inland transportation, inland warehousing, local transportation, distribution and consumption are major supply chain functions of chemical fertilizer specific to Nepal. Final sell price of urea, DAP and MOP in Sindhupalchhok in the year 2016 was found 37, 15 and 23% respectively higher than entry point sell price. Non-conducive policy environment, ineffective regulation, lack of fund and poor infrastructure are major problems of fertilizer supply in Nepal. Illegal trading from open border of India and selling of subsidized fertilizers by unauthorized agro-dealers are other problems of this sector.Though government has been investing large revenue in fertilizer subsidy, expected results in productivity enhancement has not been met. Assured supply of quality fertilizer in time is more important even than the price of fertilizer. Therefore, emphasis is to be led on implementation of conducive policy, strict regulation and infrastructure development focusing on timely supply, judicious application, checking illegal trading along with the promotion of use of organic manures.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85145699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Paudel, P. Baral, S. Lamichhane, B. P. Marahatta
{"title":"ICT Based Agro-Advisory Services in Nepal","authors":"R. Paudel, P. Baral, S. Lamichhane, B. P. Marahatta","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22510","url":null,"abstract":"The world has already witnessed the rapid surge in use of Information Technology (IT) in agriculture and understands its effectiveness through the miracles we have achieved. In such context, agriculture extension and advisory service in Nepal can be heavily boosted with the help of most effective and affordable information and communication technologies (ICTs). With smart phones, internet services, mobile networks, televisions and radio widespread all over the country, they can prove to be a promising means for dissipation of information in rapidly altering and modernizing farming system of Nepal. This paper aims to explore the current scenario, role and effectiveness of ICTs in agro-advisory services of Nepal and to point out salient issues hampering the development of ICT. Information and findings are based on available literature, articles and publications and they suggest that ICTs can play a crucial role in linking extension, research and farmers and in the overall development of agriculture especially in the context of developing country like Nepal. The potential contribution of ICT in agriculture extension is still fully unexplored and they can be effective means for providing timely and relevant information to farmers residing in every corner of the country.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86264114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Live Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on Milk Yield of Crossbred Dairy Cattle at Khumaltar, Nepal","authors":"B. Acharya, B. Dhital","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22544","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to assess the effect of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Nutriferm™) on milk production at National Cattle Research Program Khumaltar Lalitpur from 19 March 2015 to 15 April 2015. Twenty crossbred cattle were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. Each group had four animals arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Among five treatment groups, treatment (T1) was treated with 0.5 kg/MT of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) incorporated feed, treatment (T2) with 1 kg/MT SC, treatment (T3) with 1.5 kg/MT SC, treatment (T4) with 2 kg/MT SC and treatment (T5) as control without any live yeast inclusion in feed. Supplementation of the live yeast up to seventh day of the trial had statistically non-significant (P>0.05) effect on average milk yield per cattle between the treatments. Response of the yeast on mean milk yield per cattle between the treatments was found statistically different (P<0.05) on fourteenth day and twenty-eight day of the trial. On fourteenth day mean milk yield of control group (T4) was statistically significant with highest dose rate inclusion T4 only but remained non-significant with the rest of the lower dose rate treatments. With further supplementation of the yeast up to 28th day of the trial results showed the statistically significant effect with lower dose rate T2 as well with respect to control group besides T4. Hence, the result of this experiment indicates that supplementation of live yeast for at least 14 days has role in the enhancement of milk production in crossbred dairy cattle with faster effect by dose rate of T4 treatment.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"292 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83436423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Baral, R. Paudel, B. B. Adhikari, M. Sudedi, M. Jaishi
{"title":"Effectiveness of Extension Methods: A Case of Western Mid-Hills in Nepal","authors":"P. Baral, R. Paudel, B. B. Adhikari, M. Sudedi, M. Jaishi","doi":"10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JIAAS.V35I1.22513","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the extension methods used by IRRI-STRASA project in three municipalities namely Bhanu, Rainas and Sundarbazar of Lamjung and Tanahun districts. 101 sample households were taken purposively from beneficiaries of the project and survey design with structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The study showed that the participation of farmers in project was in increasing trend; mainly for technical support and assistance from the project. The group extension method was highly preferred by the farmers and it was found that the extension personnel contact under the project was satisfactory with methods like minikit, demonstrations and trainings having higher contact, thus helping in increasing social network of farmers. About 39 percent of study household had women participation at decision making level and 8 percent had socially mobilized level which was due to awareness and participation in the project activities. The adoption of the improved varieties was about 95 percent in the households, the reason for such high adoption being increased yield, lower cost of production, climate adaptability, higher pest resistance and higher grain quality. Finally, the overall effectiveness index of project was assessed using five indicators and was found 0.64 implying that the project was effective and the methods were classified into two groups: effective methods (trainings, study visits and tours, minikit, group and demonstrations) and moderately effective methods (PVS, FFS and ICTs).","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90723884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Upadhyay, Y. Ghimire, B. Sharma, Y. Acharya, S. Gairhe, S. Sapkota
{"title":"Factors Affecting Adoption of Maize Varieties in Nepal","authors":"N. Upadhyay, Y. Ghimire, B. Sharma, Y. Acharya, S. Gairhe, S. Sapkota","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22512","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined status of adoption of improved maize varieties in Nepal. Six hundred eighty two households were sampled from six districts namely Sindhupalchowk, Lalitpur, Khotang, Dang, Chitwan and Dadeldhura. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the slow growth rate of area, production and yield was around 2.7% p.a. and growth rate is moreover stagnant rate from 1990-2015. Adoption of modern variety was found to be 75% of household. Mean area of maize cultivation in Nepal is 0.431 ha/HH. Only seven improved variety were adopted in large scale and they were adopted in 70.60% of maize cultivating areas. Improved variety Rampur composite, Mankamana-3 and Deuti and Hybrid CP 808 were found to be highly adopted. While CP 808, Shrestha and Rajkumar hybrids were dominating hybrids. Age of household head, Caste, Migration, credit accessibility, cooperative involvement, extension visit, training, formal sector seed availability and knowledge about agricultural insurance were found positive factors affecting adoption of modern variety of maize. However education and livestock numbers found negatively contribute to adoption.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85925083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Devkota, S. Shrestha, D. Dhakal, S. Shakya, A. Pandey
{"title":"Evaluation of Tomato Hybrids for Yield Attributes under Khumaltar Condition","authors":"S. Devkota, S. Shrestha, D. Dhakal, S. Shakya, A. Pandey","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22540","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to evaluate hybrid genotypes of tomato for fruit yield and fruit quality in Horticulture Research Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during March to August, 2014 in open field condition. Eleven hybrid genotypes developed from the crosses between HRA and HRD lines, selected as good performer under late blight condition and ‘Srijana’as a local check were taken for the evaluation. Design of experiment was single factorial RCBD with three replications. Observation on traits related to plant morphology, maturity and yield component were recorded to develop, evaluate, identify and recommend high yielding hybrids of tomato. The fruit yield per hectare ranged from 80.83 t/ha (HRA 14 × HRD 7) to 45.89 ton/ha (HRA 15 × HRD 6). Fruit yields of the genotypes HRA 14 × HRD 7, HRA 13 × HRD 7, HRA 20 × HRD 1, HRA 20 × HRD 2, HRA 20 × HRD 6 and HRA 16 × HRD 1 had 80.83 ton/ha, 78.50 ton/ha, 73.75 ton/ha, 70.44 ton/ha, 68.72 ton/ha, 64.64 ton/ha were higher than the yield of ‘Srijana’ (62.33 ton/ha). Based on overall performance, genotypes HRA 14 × HRD 7, HRA 13 × HRD 7, HRA 20 × HRD 1 and HRA 20 × HRD 6 were observed as good performer than Srijana (Check) and selected as high yielder with good fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72449958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Initial Environmental Conditions on Germination, Growth, and Development of Cucumis Sativus at Lamjung","authors":"A. Chapagain, A. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22543","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber is the fourth most important vegetable crop worldwide favored for its edible fruit. Cucumber cannot be grown in the winter months due to its intolerance to cold and frost. An experiment was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung to test the effectiveness of various nursery raising conditions for achieving earlier harvest in spring. Three treatments viz. cold frame, hotbed, and open were selected and replicated 30 times each. Data on germination speed, germination percentage, true leaf initiation, plant height, tendril initiation, days to first flowering, days to harvesting, length and diameter of fruit and fruit yield were recorded. Hotbed achieved earlier germination (8 days) followed by cold frames (8.57 days) and open (12.73 days) respectively with cold frame having the highest germination percentage (98%) followed by a hotbed (96%) and open (90%). True leaf initiation was earlier in a cold frame (21.5 days), followed by hot bed (22.83 days) and open (30.97 days). Transplanting of cold frame and hotbed seedlings could be performed 10 days prior to open. Final height attained was significantly maximum for cold-frame plants (97.93 cm) and minimum for a hotbed (76.19 cm) with open being indifferent (86.17 cm) to cold frame and hotbed. Days to tendril initiation, days to flowering and days to first harvest were 57.52, 66.87 and 82.93 days respectively for cold-frame which was significantly minimum compared to hotbed (64.04, 70.38 and 86.95 days) and open (65.73, 71.23, 85.58 days), both being indifferent. Significantly maximum yield was obtained from cold-frame (1465.73 g) with open yielding significantly minimum (1004.06 g) and hotbed being indifferent (1122.45 g) to cold frame and open. Cold-frames are found to be comparatively effective to hotbed and open condition with 3.12 days earlier and 35% higher yield.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75890326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}