ISRN veterinary science最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of granulomas in bovines: an abattoir-based study.","authors":"Sambath Uma,&nbsp;Madhavan Gopalakrishnan Nair,&nbsp;Khub Chandra Varshney","doi":"10.5402/2011/756087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/756087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was carried out to record the occurrence of naturally occurring granulomas in cattle and buffaloes. Tissues grossly suspected for granulomas were collected from 336 out of 1600 (21%) abattoir cases. The gross features ranged from focal necrosis to large caseated masses, hard nodules, growths and abscesses. Histopathologically, 102 tissue samples (6.38%) were ascertained as granulomas. Majority of the granulomas were found in the liver 42 (41.18%), followed by lungs 22 (20.59%), lymph nodes 11 (10.78%), kidneys 6 (5.88%) and 14 (13.73%) as subcutaneous nodules/growths. Solitary cases were found in tongue, muscle, and urinary bladder, whereas 4 granulomas (3.92%) were found in body cavities. Based on the cellular component, the granulomas were categorized as epithelioid (53%), eosinophilic (37%) and suppurative (10%). Employing special staining techniques, the possible etiology of 75 granulomas could be identified. Among these, 70 granulomas (68.63%) were of infectious nature (parasitic 37 (36.28%), bacterial 32 (31.37%), and fungal 1(0.98%)). Non-infectious granulomas 5 cases (4.90%) included two lipid granulomas (1.96%), two granulomas (1.96%) associated with neoplasms and one (0.31%) associated with renal calculi. In 27 (26.47%) cases, the etiology of the granuloma could not be established and were categorized as granulomas of unknown etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"756087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of immunosuppression on newcastle disease virus persistence in ducks with different immune status.","authors":"Lucy W Njagi,&nbsp;Phillip N Nyaga,&nbsp;Lilly C Bebora,&nbsp;Paul G Mbuthia,&nbsp;Uswege M Minga","doi":"10.5402/2012/253809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/253809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was carried out to verify the possibility that ducks are sources of Newcastle disease (ND) virus infection for chickens in mixed flocks. Immunosuppressed (IS) and non immunosuppressed (NIS) birds, at three different antibody levels (medium, low and absent) were used; the titres having been induced through vaccination, and Immunosuppression done using dexamethazone. Each of the 3 respective groups was further divided into 2 groups of about 12 ducks each: one challenged with velogenic ND virus; the other not challenged. Selected ducks from all groups had their antibody titres monitored serially using hemagglutination inhibition test, while two birds from each of the challenged groups were killed and respective tissues processed for ND viral recovery, using chicken embryo fibroblasts. In general, antibody titres of IS and NIS challenged ducks were significantly higher than their unchallenged counterparts (P < 0.05). Non-challenged pre-immunised ducks had a progressive decrease in antibody levels; non-immunised ducks did not seroconvert. Newcastle disease virus was isolated from livers and kidneys of the challenged ducks throughout the experimental period; indicating a possibility of viral excretion, especially when the birds are stressed. It, therefore, provides another possible model of viral circulation within mixed flocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2012 ","pages":"253809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/253809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiolated carboxymethyl-hyaluronic-Acid-based biomaterials enhance wound healing in rats, dogs, and horses.","authors":"Guanghui Yang,&nbsp;Glenn D Prestwich,&nbsp;Brenda K Mann","doi":"10.5402/2011/851593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/851593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progression of wound healing is a complicated but well-known process involving many factors, yet there are few products on the market that enhance and accelerate wound healing. This is particularly problematic in veterinary medicine where multiple species must be treated and large animals heal slower, oftentimes with complicating factors such as the development of exuberant granulation tissue. In this study a crosslinked-hyaluronic-acid (HA-) based biomaterial was used to treat wounds on multiple species: rats, dogs, and horses. The base molecule, thiolated carboxymethyl HA, was first found to increase keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. Crosslinked gels and films were then both found to enhance the rate of wound healing in rats and resulted in thicker epidermis than untreated controls. Crosslinked films were used to treat wounds on forelimbs of dogs and horses. Although wounds healed slower compared to rats, the films again enhanced wound healing compared to untreated controls, both in terms of wound closure and quality of tissue. This study indicates that these crosslinked HA-based biomaterials enhance wound healing across multiple species and therefore may prove particularly useful in veterinary medicine. Reduced wound closure times and better quality of healed tissue would decrease risk of infection and pain associated with open wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"851593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/851593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative ultrasonographic imaging of spleen and liver in healthy crossbred cows.","authors":"Sheikh Imran,&nbsp;S P Tyagi,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Adarsh Kumar,&nbsp;Shivali Sharma","doi":"10.5402/2011/419591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/419591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was undertaken to conduct a comparative ultrasonographic study of the normal bovine spleen and liver. This study was carried out in two phases using 3.5 MHz curvilinear transducer. In first phase of water bath study, bovine spleens and livers were obtained from 3 healthy cadavers and subjected to repeated ultrasonography to study the echotexture. The splenic parenchyma was isoechogenic with greater echogenicity as compared to the liver. Water bath study provided a good learning experience for the comparative analysis of echotexture of the spleen and liver. In second phase, 10 healthy Jersey/Red Sindhi adult nonpregnant cows were subjected to detailed abdominal ultrasonography a number of times to develop the baseline topographical data of the spleen and liver. The dorsal end of the spleen in the cranial intercostal spaces could be clearly seen at the peak of inspiration when the lungs retracted to uncover the parietal surface of the spleen. The ventral end of the spleen, portion of the left lung, and the reticular wall could be scanned in the left 7th to 6th ICS in all the cows, and in the left 5th ICS in 5 cows. The liver was imaged from just behind the 12th to 6th ICS in all the cows easily. The gallbladder was imaged as a tear drop or pear shaped anechogenic structure with a hyperechogenic wall. The location of the gallbladder varied from the 12th to 9th ICS. It was most consistently observed in the 11th ICS (in 7 cows) at a mean distance of 46.3 cm from the dorsal midline. In 3 cows, the gallbladder was also seen ventral to the costal arch. The caudal vena cava was imaged as a triangular anechogenic structure on the dorsal border of the liver in the last 2 intercostal spaces in all the cows. The portal vein was imaged characteristically as a star shaped anechogenic structure with a hyperechogenic wall, ventral to the caudal vena cava, in the last 2 intercostal spaces in all the cows and in the 10th ICS in only 8 cows. It was concluded that a systematic ultrasonography formed a basis for a reliable noninvasive determination of positions and sizes of the normal spleen and liver and their vessels in the bovines.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"419591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/419591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31481969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of antimicrobial Peptide, nisin, on the reproductive functions of rats.","authors":"K V R Reddy,&nbsp;S M Gupta,&nbsp;C C Aranha","doi":"10.5402/2011/828736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/828736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our previous studies have demonstrated that naturally occurring peptide, Nisin possess antibacterial activity and did not interfere with rabbit vaginal mucosa. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of the Nisin in male rats was evaluated. Rats were fed orally with Nisin (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day) for 13 weeks. No treatment related mortality was observed. The body weight gain, food consumption and serum biochemical parameters were at par with the control group. Histomorphology of the selected reproductive (testis, epididymis, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle) and nonreproductive (liver and kidney) tissues was observed to be normal. There was no treatment-related increase or decrease in the expression of testis-specific genes (c-Kit, GATA-1, and HILS-1) and the activity levels of epididymal α-glucosidase, ventral prostate alkaline phosphatase (AlP), liver alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). Fructose and lactic acid levels in the seminal vesicles also remained unchanged. These studies suggest that Nisin did not affect the normal physiology of these organs. In addition, no adverse effects were observed on the reproductive performance of Nisin-treated male rats and their offspring. In conclusion, the current studies support our earlier studies, which demonstrated suitability of Nisin as a safe and effective microbicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"828736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine from Sexually Mature Intact Male Mice Contributes to Increased Cardiovascular Responses during Free-Roaming and Restrained Conditions.","authors":"Dexter L Lee,&nbsp;Justin L Wilson","doi":"10.5402/2012/185461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/185461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheromones in the urine regulate aggression of male mice and castrated males produce less of these pheromones. We tested the hypothesis that pheromones in the urine of sexually mature-intact (SMI) males placed in the cage bedding of an individually housed male mouse or in a mouse restrainer would contribute to a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and activity. Sexually mature male C57BL/6 mice were implanted with a biotelemetry transmitter to measure MAP, HR, and activity. Urine (200 μL) from SMI mice placed in the cages of singularly housed male mice caused significant changes above baseline values for MAP (21 ± 4 mmHg), HR (145 ±25 bpm), and activity (9 2 counts) when compared to urine from castrated mice-induced MAP (11 ± 3 mmHg), HR (70 ± 15 bpm), and activity (5 ± 1 counts). Pretreatment with terazosin significantly reduced the change in MAP (9 ± 3 mmHg), heart rate (90 ± 15 bpm), and activity (4 ± 2 counts) responses to urine from SMI males. Saline did not significantly increase MAP, HR, or activity in any group. During restraint, urine from SMI mice caused a significant change in MAP (5 ±0.4 mmHg) and HR (17 ±1 bpm); urine from castrated mice did not cause a significant increase in MAP and HR. Our results demonstrate that a significant increase in MAP, HR, and activity occurs when male mice are exposed to urine pheromones from SMI males. In summary, pheromones in the urine of SMI male excreted in the cage bedding and mouse restrainers contribute to a significant increase in cardiovascular responses in the absence of direct physical contact with a different male mouse or animal handler.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2012 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/185461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30782002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposition Kinetic of Moxifloxacin following Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Administration in Goats.","authors":"Harshad B Patel,&nbsp;Shailesh K Mody,&nbsp;Hitesh B Patel,&nbsp;Vipul A Patel,&nbsp;Urvesh D Patel","doi":"10.5402/2011/584342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/584342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was carried out to investigate disposition kinetics of moxifloxacin following single-dose intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight (b.wt.) in goats. Plasma samples collected after treatments were analyzed for drug concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After i.v. administration, distribution of the drug was rapid and wide as reflected by high steady-state volume of distribution. Drug elimination was relatively faster with a total body clearance of 0.59 ± 0.03 L/h/kg. Following i.m. injection, the drug has shown the rapid and near-to-complete absorption with bioavailability of 98.20 ± 3.96 per cent. The maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of 1.21 ± 0.04 μg/mL was attained at 1 h (Tmax). The drug was widely distributed as reflected by high apparent volume of distribution. The elimination half-life (t 1/2β ) of the drug was 6.26 ± 0.08  h. Following s.c. administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed (Cmax: 1.16 ± 0.02 μg/mL; tmax: 1 h) and slowly eliminated from the body. The elimination half-life and total body clearance (ClB) were 5.61 ± 0.10 h and 0.60 ± 0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of moxifloxacin following s.c. administration was 90.44 ± 3.96 per cent.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"584342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Our Experience with Left-Sided Abomasal Displacement Correction via the Roll-and-Toggle-Pin Suture Procedure according to Grymer/Sterner Model.","authors":"T Zadnik,&nbsp;R Lombar","doi":"10.5402/2011/572842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/572842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All over the world, and also in Slovenia, left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA) occurs most commonly in large-sized, high-producing adult dairy cows immediately after parturition. Yearly retrospective analyses of our ambulatory records showed significantly increased prevalence of LDA (2000 = 0.9%, 2010 = 3.7%), especially in cows after first parturition. Surgical replacement is now commonly practiced, and many techniques have been devised with emphasis on avoidance of recurrence of the displacement. Because of good results as recorded in the literature and encouragement of Keith E. Sterner, the author of this method, we want to try the right paramedian abomasopexy-Grymer/Sterner model. Since May 2009 till October 2011 109 cows from 46 farms were operated on because of LDA. As many as 44 (40.3%) were affected with LDA after first parturition. The analysis of successful procedure that was carried out 2 months after suture showed that 104 (95.4%) cows were cured. Only 5 (4.5%) cows died within 24 hours after surgery (4 cases of severe toxemia with hypokalemia and one case of acute abomasal hemorrhage were established). Our experience with Grymer/Sterner LDA transfixation sutures proved favorable. Because roll-and-toggle-pin suture technique is rapid and inexpensive we recommend it.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"572842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of bovine brucellosis and risk factors assessment in cattle herds in jigawa state.","authors":"Farouk U Mohammed,&nbsp;Salisu Ibrahim,&nbsp;Ikwe Ajogi,&nbsp;Bale J O Olaniyi","doi":"10.5402/2011/132897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/132897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A serological survey of Brucella antibodies was carried out in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria to determine the prevalence of the disease and risk factors among some pastoralist cattle herds. A total of 570 cattle of different ages and sexes selected from 20 herds across the four agroecological zones in the state were screened using Rose Bengal Plate test and competitive enzyme immunoassay. From the results 23 cattle (4.04%) were positive by Rose Bengal Plate Test while 22(3.86%) were positive with competitive enzyme immunoassay. The infection rate was higher in females than males. Cattle older than 3 years had a higher prevalence rate compared to age groups 2-3 years, 1-2 years, and less than 1 year. The prevalence rate was higher in cattle densely populated locations. Infection rate differs between herds with larger herds presenting high prevalence due to poor sanitary practice. It is hereby recommended that public enlightenment on adequate control and preventive measures using proper sanitary practice and calf hood vaccination are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"132897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31576055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and managerial analysis of effective managerial strategies on prevention from ketosis in transition period in shahroud commercial dairy farms.","authors":"H Kashfi,&nbsp;A R Yazdani,&nbsp;M Latifi,&nbsp;F Shirani Bidabadi","doi":"10.5402/2011/605179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/605179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this research is to study any effects of managerial strategies on prevention of ketosis metabolic disorder in transition period in Shahroud commercial dairy farms. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared in order to obtain required information about the performance of these managerial strategies, performance costs, involvement situation with disorders relying upon clinical signs and treatment and health records, producing and economic situation, and fertility rate and its costs. The considered managerial guidelines include body condition score management or type evaluation in transition period, increase in dry matter intake close to parturition, using propylene glycol, using niacin, and high-quality feeding (the importance of feed quality) in transition period. Finally and upon arrangement of data, it was possible to study any effects of mentioned managerial strategies on related variants through multiple linear regressions. Furthermore, in order to study any relation among variables, we considered Pearson correlation coefficients as well. Finally, it was revealed that any application of managerial strategies for prevention from Ketosis in transition period has a significant effect in betterment of managerial and economic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"605179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}