{"title":"Modulating effect of ascorbic Acid on transport-induced immunosuppression in goats.","authors":"Ndazo Salka Minka, Joseph Olusegun Ayo","doi":"10.5402/2011/749753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/749753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of 12 h road transportation on some basic blood cells and the modulating role of ascorbic acid were investigated in 40 adult Red Sokoto goats during the hot dry season. The animals were divided into two groups, GI (experimental; n = 20) and GII (control; n = 20). Group 1 was administered with ascorbic acid (AA) per os at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg body weight, while GII was given 10 mL of sterile water per goat. Forty minutes after the administration and loading, the goats were transported for 12 h. The result obtained in GII goats showed that loading, transportation, high ambient temperature (AT), and relative humidity (RH) encountered during transportation induced lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and eosinopenia, which can cause immunosuppression. In GI goats, the administration of AA prior to loading and transportation ameliorated the adverse effects of loading and transportation stress on neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and eosinopenia of the goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"749753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/749753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31481963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Origins of injection-site sarcomas in cats: the possible role of chronic inflammation-a review.","authors":"Kevin N Woodward","doi":"10.5402/2011/210982","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2011/210982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"210982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary Finding on Anomalous Cleavage and Degeneration of Intestinal Nematode Eggs (Nematodirus sp.) after Oral Administration of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid in Calves.","authors":"Hiroshi Sato, Takashi Kurosawa","doi":"10.5402/2011/616537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/616537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) consisting of 8 to 12 carbons are knowns exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and gut protozoa. However, little information is available on their effect in helminthes. The effect of MCFA on an intestinal nematode (Nematodirus sp.) was therefore evaluated in four calves (4 to 11 month old). Edible fat containing MCFA was administered into the abomasum of the calves by practical stimulation of the reticular groove reflex for 5 days, and the resulting fecal egg shedding was examined. Although MCFA had a weak effect on fecal egg number of Nematodirus sp., morphologically anomalous eggs were observed. Anomalies manifested as degenerated eggs with ova granulation or shell rupture, irregular monocellular egg, and disproportional cleavage at the 2-, 4-cell and subsequent stages, despite normal shedding at 8- or 16-cell stages in most cases. Thus, MCFA administration brought cleavage disturbance and degeneration of Nematodirus sp. eggs.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"616537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/616537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Berland, Mario Frei, Oscar Peralta, Marcelo Ratto
{"title":"Time exposure period of bovine oocytes to sperm in relation to embryo development rate and quality.","authors":"Marco Berland, Mario Frei, Oscar Peralta, Marcelo Ratto","doi":"10.5402/2011/257627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/257627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different bovine gamete coincubation times on fertilization and embryo development performance. In vitro matured COCs were co-incubated with sperm at a concentration of 1.5 × 10(6) spermatozoa/ml in TALP medium for 3 hours (T 3, n = 362), 6 hours (T 6, n = 358), or 18 hours (T 18, n = 350). At the end of the coincubation period COCs from times 3 and 6 groups were post-incubated in a new well of fertilization medium without sperm for additional 15 and 12 h, respectively. Cumulus Oocyte Complexes from the T 18 were co-incubated with the sperm suspension for 18 hours. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days and embryo development was evaluated on days 2, 8, and 9. Thirty blastocysts from each group were stained and total number of nuclei was recorded. The mean (± SEM) percentages of zygotes to develop into ≥2 cell stage were 71.9 ± 5.0; 72.5 ± 5.3 and 81.2 ± 6.1 % for T 3, 6, and 18, respectively, on day 2 and they did not differ (P = .3) among groups. The mean percentage of blastocysts developed on day 8 (25.6 ± 2.8; 24.2 ± 3.3; 28.4 ± 4.2 % for T 3, 6, and 18, resp.) did not differ (P = .4) among groups. The total number of embryonic nuclei was greater (P < .05) for the blastocysts produced from the shortest co-incubation time (T 3).</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"257627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/257627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31576056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Y Attakpa, L G Aplogan, A Y J Akossou, R H Bosma
{"title":"Characteristics and health of Turkey husbandry in ouaké, north-benin.","authors":"E Y Attakpa, L G Aplogan, A Y J Akossou, R H Bosma","doi":"10.5402/2011/723091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/723091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sanitary constraints of raising turkey in north-west Benin were studied by using a survey and Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HIT) to detect antibodies of Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI). We tested 85 serums from 7- to 24-month-old turkeys raised in 19 farms. ND prevalence rate was 54% but reactions on four sub-types of AI were negative. Mortality rates varied from 55 to 100% for 0-30 day-old flocks; 30% for 1- to 4-month-old; and 15% for older turkeys. Next to ND, probable causes of mortality are Fowl pox, Gumboro disease, scabies, coccidiosis, histomonosis, capillariosis and colibacillosis. Only one farmer who fed and vaccinated the poults, and provided clean housing for them got a lower mortality rate of 11% in turkeys less than 4-month-old. The question remains why most farmers do not apply these simple practices: are they unaware or are the technologies not profitable?</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"723091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/723091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31576053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjet van Wienen, Anders Johannisson, Margareta Wallgren, Joyce Parlevliet, Jane M Morrell
{"title":"Single layer centrifugation with androcoll-p can be scaled-up to process larger volumes of boar semen.","authors":"Marjet van Wienen, Anders Johannisson, Margareta Wallgren, Joyce Parlevliet, Jane M Morrell","doi":"10.5402/2011/548385","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2011/548385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to scale-up the procedure for Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) through Androcoll(TM)-P, as a preliminary step towords processing the whole ejaculate. The first experiment compared Single Layer Centrifugation using 4.5 mL and 15 mL extended ejaculate (SLC-4.5 and SLC-15, resp.), assessing sperm quality by objective motility analysis, morphology, viability, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the second experiment, SLC-4.5 was compared to Single Layer Centrifugation with 25 mL extended ejaculate (SLC-25) using motility analysis and morphology. In both experiments, normal morphology and linear motility were significantly higher in the SLC-selected samples than in the uncentrifuged controls (P < .001), whereas total motility and membrane integrity were unchanged. Although ROS production was higher in the SLC-selected samples than in the controls (P < .01), this might have been due to the presence of antioxidants in seminal plasma in the latter. In conclusion, there was no difference in sperm quality between SLC-4.5 and SLC-15 samples, or between SLC-4.5 and SLC-25 samples, indicating that the SLC method can be scaled-up successfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"548385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31576052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulating Role of Vitamins C and E against Transport-Induced Stress in Pullets during the Hot-Dry Conditions.","authors":"N S Minka, J O Ayo","doi":"10.5402/2011/497138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/497138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modulating effects of ascorbic acid (AA), vitamin E (E), and a combination of AA and E (AA + E) against eight-hour road transportation stress were investigated in 120 pullets during the hot-dry season. The result obtained showed that handling, loading and transportation induced lymphopenia, neutrophilia, liveweight loss, and mortality, which was alleviated by oral administration of AA, E, and AA + E at doses of 60 mg, 30 mg, and 60 + 30 mg per kg bodyweight, respectively, 30 minutes before being loaded and transported. The meteorological conditions recorded during the study period were higher (P < .05) than the thermoneutral values established for chickens in the zone. In conclusion, the administration of vitamins AA, E, and AA + E, especially AA, ameliorated the risk of adverse effects of handling, loading, transportation, and thermal stress in pullets during the hot-dry season.</p>","PeriodicalId":89682,"journal":{"name":"ISRN veterinary science","volume":"2011 ","pages":"497138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/497138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31576051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}