Open journal of neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Costs for Adolescents Due to Diminished Returns of Parental Employment on Trauma.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/ojn.2025.1263","DOIUrl":"10.31586/ojn.2025.1263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parental employment is a significant social determinant of children's developmental outcomes, shaping their cognitive and behavioral trajectories. However, the effects of parental employment may not be equally protective across racial groups. The Minority Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework suggests that socioeconomic status (SES) factors, such as employment, yield fewer protective benefits for Black families compared to White families.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the diminished returns of parental employment on trauma and associated neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in children, with a focus on racial variation in these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a large and diverse sample of children was analyzed. We applied MDRs theory and social determinants of health frameworks to examine the association between parental employment, trauma, and children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The analysis controlled for family SES, neighborhood factors, and racial group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preliminary findings suggest that while parental employment is generally protective against trauma, the strength of this association is diminished for Black children. Black families with employed parents experience higher levels of trauma and stress compared to their White counterparts, which may contribute to racial disparities in cognitive and behavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parental employment may not equally buffer against trauma-related risks for Black children, reflecting the broader pattern of diminished returns for racially disadvantaged groups. These findings highlight the need for policies addressing the unequal benefits of SES across racial groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Heat Exposure and Adolescent Cognitive Function.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/ojn.2025.1247","DOIUrl":"10.31586/ojn.2025.1247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extreme heat exposure is an increasing public health concern, particularly in the context of climate change. Limited research has explored its impact on children's cognitive outcomes. This study investigates the association between extreme heat exposure and cognitive function in 9-10-year-old children, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Additionally, we assess whether this effect is independent of socio-demographic factors such as race, family socioeconomic status (SES), and neighborhood SES.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the ABCD study, comprising over 10,000 children aged 9-10 years. Cognitive function was assessed through standardized cognitive tests, while extreme heat exposure was estimated using geographic and climate data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the direct effects of heat exposure on cognitive outcomes and to account for potential confounding variables, including race, family SES, and neighborhood SES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black families, low SES households, and children from low SES neighborhoods were disproportionately exposed to extreme heat. Extreme heat exposure was significantly associated with lower cognitive function in children, and this association remained robust even after adjusting for socio-demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extreme heat exposure is linked to diminished cognitive function in children, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged and marginalized populations. Given the increasing frequency of extreme heat events due to climate change, future research should further explore these implications for children's cognitive outcomes. Policy interventions that improve access to cooling infrastructure, expand green spaces, and prioritize at-risk populations are critical to mitigating the adverse cognitive effects of extreme heat in low SES communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Heat Exposure is Associated with Lower Learning, General Cognitive Ability, and Memory among US Children.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/ojn.2025.1277","DOIUrl":"10.31586/ojn.2025.1277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme heat exposure is a significant consequence of climate change, with broad public health implications. While many health risks associated with heat exposure are well-documented, less research has focused on its impact on children's cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines the relationship between extreme heat exposure and various domains of cognitive function in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Key variables included race/ethnicity, age, gender, family socioeconomic status (SES), heatwave exposure, and multiple cognitive domains: total composite score, fluid composite score, crystallized intelligence, reading ability, picture vocabulary, pattern recognition, card sorting, and list recall. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,878 children were included in the analysis. Findings revealed significant associations between extreme heat exposure and lower cognitive performance across multiple domains. The strongest adjusted effects were observed in pattern recognition (B = -0.064, p < 0.001) and reading ability (B = -0.050, p < 0.001), both within the learning domain, as well as total composite cognitive ability (B = -0.067, p < 0.001), fluid composite (B = -0.053, p < 0.001), and crystallized intelligence (B = -0.061, p < 0.001), all within general cognitive ability. Weaker but still significant associations were found for list recall (B = -0.025, p = 0.006) and card sorting (B = -0.043, p < 0.001) within the memory domain, as well as picture vocabulary (B = -0.025, p = 0.008) within general cognitive ability. These associations remained significant after controlling for demographic factors, race/ethnicity, family SES, and neighborhood SES.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the impact of climate change on cognitive function disparities, particularly in learning and general cognitive ability among children exposed to extreme heat. Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the cognitive risks associated with heat exposure in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 1","pages":"10-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Strain Partially Explains Diminished Returns of Parental Education in the ABCD Study.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/ojn.2024.1129","DOIUrl":"10.31586/ojn.2024.1129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research shows that socioeconomic status (SES) positively impacts children's development, yet the benefits are not equally distributed across racial groups. According to the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, Black children tend to experience smaller gains from parental education compared to White children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Building on the MDRs framework, this study examines whether high financial strain contributes to the diminished returns of parental education for Black children, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We hypothesized that: (1) there would be a positive effect of parental education on total cortical volume, (2) this effect would be weaker for Black than White children, and (3) higher household financial strain in Black families would mediate the diminished returns of parental education on total cortical volume for Black children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the baseline ABCD Study, focusing on 7,936 9- and 10-year-old children identified as either Black (n = 1,775) or White (n = 6,161). Parental education was the key independent variable, covariates included age, sex, household income, and marital status, race was the moderator, financial strain was the mediator, and total cortical volume was the outcome. Structural Equation Models (SEMs) were employed to examine the associations between parental education and cortical volume, with financial strain as a mediator and race as a moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher parental education was associated with greater cortical volume in the pooled sample. However, this effect was significantly weaker for Black children. Financial strain partially mediated the observed diminished returns of parental education.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High financial strain experienced by middle-class Black families partially explains why the association between parental education and child development is weaker in Black than White families. Interventions aimed at enhancing educational quality, increasing employability, expanding access to higher-paying jobs, and reducing labor market discrimination against Black individuals may help address racial inequities in child development in the U.S. Efforts to reduce financial strain should extend beyond low-income populations to also support higher-educated minority families.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"2 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Impulsivity in Explaining Social Gradient in Youth Tobacco Use Initiation: Does Race Matter?","authors":"Shervin Assari, Payam Sheikhattari","doi":"10.31586/ojn.2024.1052","DOIUrl":"10.31586/ojn.2024.1052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally viewed as a protective factor against impulsivity and subsequent tobacco use in youth. The prevailing model suggests that higher SES is associated with lower impulsivity, which in turn reduces the likelihood of future tobacco use. However, this pathway may not hold uniformly across racial groups due to differences in impulsivity and the phenomenon of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), where the protective effects of SES, such as educational attainment, tend to be weaker or even reversed for Black youth compared to their White counterparts.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine the racial heterogeneity in the pathway from childhood SES to impulsivity and subsequent tobacco use initiation during adolescence, focusing on differences between Black and White youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, which includes a diverse sample of youth aged 9 to 16 years. The analysis examined the relationship between baseline family SES (age 9), impulsivity (age 9), and subsequent tobacco use (ages 9 to 16). Impulsivity was measured using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed, with analyses stratified by race to explore potential differences in these associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 6,161 non-Latino White and 1,775 non-Latino Black adolescents entered our analysis. In the full sample, higher family SES was linked to lower childhood impulsivity and, consequently, less tobacco uses in adolescence. However, racial differences emerged upon stratification. Among White youth, higher SES was associated with lower impulsivity, leading to reduced tobacco use, consistent with the expected model. In contrast, among Black youth, higher SES was not associated with lower impulsivity, thereby disrupting the protective effect of SES on tobacco use through this pathway. These findings suggest that racial heterogeneity exists in the SES-impulsivity-tobacco use pathway, aligning with the MDRs framework, which highlights how structural factors may weaken the protective effects of high SES among Black youth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of considering racial heterogeneity in the relationships between SES, impulsivity, and tobacco use. The observed disparities suggest a need for targeted interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black youth, who may not experience the same protective benefits of high SES as their White peers. These results carry significant implications for public health strategies aimed at reducing tobacco use in racially diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Numeracy Score of Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare, Golnoush Akhlaghipour, Mario F Mendez","doi":"10.31586/ojn.2024.1098","DOIUrl":"10.31586/ojn.2024.1098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Educational attainment is a well-established social determinant of various domains of cognitive function across the lifespan. However, the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that the health benefits of educational attainment tend to be weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. This phenomenon may reflect the impact of structural inequalities, social stratification, and historical disadvantage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines whether the association between educational attainment and numeracy score, one domain of cognitive function, is weaker in Latino individuals compared to non-Latino individuals, as predicted by the MDRs framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the 2014 wave of the Understanding America Study (UAS), a national internet-based panel. Numeracy score, a domain of the cognitive function was measured using an 8-item measure. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between educational attainment and numeracy score, with an interaction term for ethnicity × educational attainment to explore differences between Latino and non-Latino participants. Models were adjusted for age, gender, marital status, immigration, and employment, and results were presented as beta coefficients, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 5,659 participants entered our analysis. Higher educational attainment was positively associated with higher numeracy score for both Latino and non-Latino participants (p < 0.001). However, the interaction between education and ethnicity was significant (p < 0.05), indicating that Latino individuals experienced smaller numeracy benefits from education compared to non-Latino individuals. These results support the MDRs framework, suggesting that structural barriers may reduce the numeracy returns of education for Latino individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of diminished returns of educational attainment in terms of numeracy scores among Latino individuals. While education is a key determinant of cognitive abilities such as numeracy, its benefits are not equitably distributed across ethnic groups. Structural inequalities particularly in educational opportunities likely contribute to this disparity. Addressing these underlying factors through targeted policy interventions is necessary to promote cognitive equity for Latino populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"2 1","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of ethanol on GABAA and glycine currents in the lateral habenula neurons of young rats","authors":"Zijing Xie, Guohui Li, J. Ye","doi":"10.13055/ojns_3_1_5.130821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13055/ojns_3_1_5.130821","url":null,"abstract":"Compelling evidence has shown a pivotal role of dopaminergic function in drug addiction. Recently, the lateral habenula (LHb) has attracted a great deal of attention as another target for abused drugs in the brain because its role in regulating dopaminergic system, among others. GABA and glycine are major inhibitory neurotransmitters. Their corresponding receptors are key targets of ethanol. The properties of these receptors in LHb neurons and their responses to ethanol in particular however, remain unknown. Using the patch clamp techniques, we examined the effects of ethanol on the chloride currents elicited by GABA and glycine in LHb neurons acutely dissociated from 10-20 day-old Sprague–Dawley rats. We show that GABA concentration-dependently elicited a bicuculline sensitive inward current in 96% (130/140) of the neurons tested. Ethanol (43.2 mM) suppressed current elicited by a wide range of concentrations (1-300 μM) of GABA in 74% (35/47) cells tested. Ethanol suppression is dependent on its concentrations but not on membrane potentials of the neurons. Moreover, glycine concentration-dependently elicited an inward current in 94% (112/120) of the neurons tested. Both strychnine and picrotoxin concentration dependently suppressed glycine current with IC50 of 220 nM and 813 μM, respectively. Ethanol (43.2 mM) potentiated current elicited by unsaturated but not saturated concentrations of glycine. Thus, the LHb neurons of young rats contain both functional GABAA and glycine receptors which are sensitive to ethanol at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. These effects of ethanol might be important in the control of the activity and output of LHb neurons.","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66117713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotrophic Peptides: Potential Drugs for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Jessica Ciesler,&nbsp;Youssef Sari","doi":"10.13055/ojns_3_1_2.130408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13055/ojns_3_1_2.130408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system correlated to their symptoms. Among these neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodegeneration is mostly restricted to specific neuronal populations: cholinergic neurons in AD and motoneurons in ALS. The demonstration that the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases in models of transgenic mice, in particular, is delayed or improved by the application of neurotrophic factors and derived peptides from neurotrophic factors has emphasized their importance in neurorestoration. A range of neurotrophic factors and growth peptide factors derived from activity-dependent neurotrophic factor/activity-dependent neuroprotective protein has been suggested to restore neuronal function, improve behavioral deficits and prolong the survival in animal models. In this review article, we focus on the role of trophic peptides in the improvement of AD and ALS. An understanding of the molecular pathways involved with trophic peptides in these neurodegenerative diseases may shed light on potential therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3686488/pdf/nihms470890.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31621950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent lipreading and covert speech production suppress processing of non-linguistic sounds in auditory cortex.","authors":"Marja H Balk,&nbsp;Heini Kari,&nbsp;Jaakko Kauramäki,&nbsp;Jyrki Ahveninen,&nbsp;Mikko Sams,&nbsp;Taina Autti,&nbsp;Iiro P Jääskeläinen","doi":"10.13055/ojns_3_1_1.130206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13055/ojns_3_1_1.130206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have suggested that speech motor system mediates suppression by silent lipreading of electromagnetic auditory cortex responses to pure tones at about 100 ms from sound onset. We used sparse sampling functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla to map auditory-cortex foci of suppressant effects during silent lipreading and covert self-production. Streams of video clips were presented simultaneously with 1/3 octave noise bursts centered at 250 Hz (low frequency, LF) or 2000 Hz (mid-frequency, MF), or during no auditory stimulation. In different conditions, the subjects were a) to press a button whenever they lipread the face articulate the same consecutive Finnish vowels /a/, /i/, /o/, and /y/, b) covertly selfproducing vowels while viewing still face image, or c) to press a button whenever a circle pictured on top of the lips expanded into oval shape of the same orientation twice in a row. The regions of interest (ROIs) within the superior temporal lobes of each hemisphere were defined by contrasting MF and LF stimulation against silence. Contrasting the nonlinguistic (<i>i.e</i>., expanding circle) <i>vs.</i> linguistic (<i>i.e.</i>, lipreading and covert self-production) conditions within these ROIs showed significant suppression of hemodynamic activity to MF sounds in the linguistic condition in left hemisphere first transverse sulcus (FTS) and right hemisphere superior temporal gyrus (STG) lateral to Heschl's sulcus (HS). These findings suggest that the speech motor system mediates suppression of auditory-cortex processing of non-linguistic sounds during silent lipreading and covert self-production in left hemisphere FST and right hemisphere STG lateral to HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3745024/pdf/nihms493390.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31666533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain state-triggered stimulus delivery: An efficient tool for probing ongoing brain activity.","authors":"M L Andermann,&nbsp;J Kauramäki,&nbsp;T Palomäki,&nbsp;C I Moore,&nbsp;R Hari,&nbsp;I P Jääskeläinen,&nbsp;M Sams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is the relationship between variability in ongoing brain activity <i>preceding</i> a sensory stimulus and subsequent perception of that stimulus? A challenge in the study of this key topic in systems neuroscience is the relative rarity of certain brain 'states'-left to chance, they may seldom align with sensory presentation. We developed a novel method for studying the influence of targeted brain states on subsequent perceptual performance by online identification of spatiotemporal brain activity patterns of interest, and brain-state triggered presentation of subsequent stimuli. This general method was applied to an electroencephalography study of human auditory selective listening. We obtained online, time-varying estimates of the instantaneous direction of neural bias (towards processing left or right ear sounds). Detection of target sounds was influenced by pre-target fluctuations in neural bias, within and across trials. We propose that brain state-triggered stimulus delivery will enable efficient, statistically tractable studies of rare patterns of ongoing activity in single neurons and distributed neural circuits, and their influence on subsequent behavioral and neural responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":89610,"journal":{"name":"Open journal of neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531547/pdf/nihms426890.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40198229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}