Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tyrosol and Tryptophol: Metabolites of Yeast via the Ehrlich Pathway.","authors":"Toshio Niwa, Yoji Kato, Toshihiko Osawa","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00625","DOIUrl":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soy isoflavonoids were applied to commercially available baker's yeast in vitro to find metabolites. Tyrosol, an ingredient in olive oil and wine, and tryptophol were found in the culture media. To test whether tyrosol is a metabolite of soy isoflavonoids, we prepared 2,4-dideuterated equol and applied it to yeast. According to LC-MS analysis of the culture media, deuterated tyrosol was not produced. Therefore, tyrosol is assumed to be a tyrosine metabolite of yeast known as the Ehrlich pathway. We then evaluated the in vitro activities of the 2 amino acid-derived alcohols. Both tyrosol and tryptophol similarly showed anti-inflammatory activity, as evaluated by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes in vitro. Our results suggested that the amino acid-derived alcohols may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of fermented foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 2","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bridged Nucleic Acid Positions within Blocking Oligonucleotides on DNA Amplification Inhibition in Wild-Type Blocking PCR.","authors":"Takuma Yamashita, Yoshinori Tsukumo, Takenori Yamamoto, Eriko Uchida, Tokuyuki Yoshida, Yasunori Uchida, Takao Inoue","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b25-00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detecting low-frequency genetic mutations is crucial for genetic testing, especially in cancer diagnostics. Wild-type blocking PCR identifies these genetic mutations using a blocking oligonucleotide that is fully complementary to wild-type DNA. The blocking oligonucleotide selectively binds to wild-type DNA, inhibiting its amplification by DNA polymerase and allowing preferential amplification of mutant DNA. Bridged nucleic acids (BNAs), with high binding affinities for cDNA, are often incorporated into the blocking oligonucleotide to enhance inhibition. However, the effects of BNA positioning within the blocking oligonucleotide on wild-type DNA amplification inhibition are poorly understood. To address this issue, we evaluated the effects of different BNA positions on amplification inhibition efficacy by comparing blocking oligonucleotides with varying numbers of BNAs at the 5' end, 3' end, and central region. Results indicated that BNAs at the 5' end enhanced the inhibition efficacy, whereas BNAs at the 3' end notably diminished the inhibition efficacy. Likewise, increasing the number of BNAs in the central region generally decreased the inhibition efficacy. This is one of the first studies to report the importance of BNA positioning in the amplification inhibition efficacy of blocking oligonucleotides.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 5","pages":"606-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Analysis of Factors Influencing Inter-Individual Variation in Trough Plasma Voriconazole Concentrations in Older Patients-Impact of High α1-Acid Glycoprotein Levels.","authors":"Yukako Yasui, Hiroyuki Yasui, Yoshiki Yamamoto, Toshihiko Ishizaka, Kazuo Hatanaka, Waki Imoto, Wataru Shibata, Koichi Yamada, Hiroshi Kakeya","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b25-00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voriconazole (VRCZ), an azole-based, deep-seated antifungal agent, is used as a 1st-line treatment for aspergillosis in Japan. VRCZ exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior with relatively large inter-individual variability in plasma concentration. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 have been reported to influence the metabolic variability of VRCZ. The purpose of this study was to search for and identify clinically relevant potential factors influencing the PK and plasma concentration of VRCZ to better inform VRCZ dosing regimens. Thirty patients receiving VRCZ were enrolled. Total (C_t) and unbound (C_u) trough plasma concentrations of VRCZ were determined by the HPLC-UV method. Univariate and multivariate correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between C_t or C_t/dose per body weight (C_t/D) and individual demographic and laboratory characteristics. Since the increasing trend of C-reactive protein (CRP) inversely correlated with the classification of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms, it was suggested that the inflammation counteracted the trend of C_t according to CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms. Spearman's rank-order correlation analysis showed significant correlations between C_t and dose per body weight, CRP, and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, dose per body weight, CRP, and α1-AGP were significant explanatory factors for C_t. In particular, elevated α1-AGP levels were found to have significant explanatory value for decreased C_t. Although the present study has critical limitations, such as the patient sample was small in size and being limited to a single medical institution, this finding may explain some of the inter-individual variability in plasma VRCZ concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 5","pages":"694-705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing with Vitamin D during Pregnancy Reduces Inflammation and Prevents Autism-Related Behaviors in Offspring Caused by Maternal Immune Activation.","authors":"Xiao Wang, Qingqing Li, Zhihong Lyu, Yingying Wu","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b25-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology with limited treatment options, has emerged as a significant public health concern. Studies have demonstrated that prenatal vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for ASD development in offspring; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this project, vitamin D was administered orally to pregnant mice with/without the subsequent administration of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), which induced the maternal immune activation (MIA). Our results showed that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy alleviated MIA-induced ASD-like behaviors in offspring. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation reduced the MIA-induced elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17a levels in both the maternal ileum and fetal brains. It also suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activation and the elevated expression of serum amyloid A1 and A2 (SAA1/2) in the ileum of MIA-affected pregnant mice. This study revealed that vitamin D may reduce the expression of IL-17a by inhibiting the IL-6/Stat3/SAA signaling pathway, thereby improving ASD-like behavior in offspring mice, and provide a new theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of ASD by scientific dietary interventions and nutritional supplement during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 5","pages":"632-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Pleurotus Species on UVB-Induced Skin Disorders at Clinically Relevant Plasma Concentrations of the Antioxidant Ergothioneine in Hairless Mice.","authors":"Motoki Hanayama, Takahiro Ishimoto, Akira Moritomo, Reiya Yamashita, Junya Kawai, Koichiro Mori, Yukio Kato","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b24-00893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ergothioneine (ERGO) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in UV-irradiated skin cells in vitro; however, there is no evidence about the effects of dietary ERGO on UV-induced skin damage or ERGO skin distribution in vivo. This study examined the protective effects of ERGO-rich edible mushrooms Pleurotus species against UVB-induced skin damage and the exposure to ERGO in the plasma and skin. Hos : HR-1 hairless mice were fed with or without freeze-dried cross-bred Pleurotus species (PS) or Pleurotus eringii (PE) and were exposed to UVB. Dietary intake of PS or PE significantly alleviated UVB-induced reductions in skin moisture content, increases in transepidermal water loss and oxidative stress markers, and epidermal thickening at plasma ERGO concentrations of 30-40 μM. Additionally, ingestion of PS significantly suppressed UVB-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that ingesting PS and PE may protect against UVB-induced skin disorders through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities at clinically relevant ERGO concentrations. Ingestion of PS and PE led to an increase in epidermal ERGO concentration to levels that were approx. 100 times higher than the ERGO concentration required for significant suppression of UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species in immortalized human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. This suggests that the beneficial effects of PS and PE may be at least partly due to the antioxidant effects of ERGO in murine skin. Overall, ingestion of ERGO-rich Pleurotus species resulted in efficient distribution of ERGO to the skin and protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage, suggesting that these mushrooms may have beneficial effects in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 5","pages":"672-681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfibril-Associated Protein 5 Contributes to the Elastic Fiber Abnormalities in Aged Skin.","authors":"Fumiaki Sato, Teruaki Oku, Yuka Nishigaki, Mana Suzuki, Hiroyasu Sakai, Hideyuki Takeshima, Yoshinori Kato","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b24-00828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elastic fibers, which contribute to the flexibility of tissues such as the skin, alveoli, and arteries, have a long half-life and are not regenerated once formed during the fetal stage. Consequently, the degradation of elastic fibers due to aging or inflammation can significantly impact tissue function. In the dermis, degeneration of elastic fibers is characterized by degradation in photoaging, driven by UV radiation, and structural abnormalities of elastic fibers in intrinsic aging. However, the mechanisms driving the abnormalities associated with intrinsic aging remain incomplete. This study aimed to identify the factors involved in the elastic fiber abnormalities associated with intrinsic aging of the dermis. Through a comprehensive analysis of gene expression, this study focused on microfibril-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) as a candidate gene responsible for the elastic fiber abnormalities associated with intrinsic aging. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that aged fibroblasts highly expressed MFAP5 and strongly localized it to aggregated elastic fibers. Furthermore, the elimination of MFAP5 expression suppressed elastic fiber aggregation. The exogenous addition of MFAP5 induced thickening and disorganization of elastic fibers, effects that were not observed with the overexpression of MFAP5 in young fibroblasts, which merely express MFAP5. Moreover, MFAP5 inhibited the interaction between latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 4 and fibulin-5, which are crucial for elastic fiber formation. These results suggest that excess MFAP5 expression associated with aging causes abnormalities in elastic fibers. Understanding the role of MFAP5 in elastic fiber abnormalities highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating intrinsic dermal aging and improving skin elasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 4","pages":"450-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cry2 Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mouse Renal Cortex Tubular Cell Lines.","authors":"Hiroki Yoshioka, Satoshi Yokota, Shintaro Torimoto, Hanane Horita, Yosuke Tsukiboshi, Tohru Maeda, Nobuhiko Miura","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b24-00811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin is a platinum-based drug that is widely used to treat various types of cancer. However, cisplatin is known to cause severe adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Clock genes, such as Bmal1 and Clock, regulate cisplatin-related homeostasis genes, such as Oct2 and Mate1. Although these clock genes may be involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, their associations with other clock genes remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether seven clock genes (Ciart, cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), Cry2, Npas2, Per1, Per2, and Per3) regulate cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in a renal cortex tubule cell line (MuRTE61). Cisplatin treatment decreases MuRTE61 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cry2 expression levels increased after treatment with cisplatin for 24 h. Notably, Cry2 overexpression alleviated cisplatin-induced suppression of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and platinum content in MuRTE61 cells. Moreover, Cry2 overexpression upregulated the efflux-related transporters (Atp7a and Mrp2). These results suggest that Cry2 protects against cisplatin toxicity by reducing Pt accumulation and increasing the expression of Atp7a and Mrp2.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 4","pages":"390-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Upper Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice Treated with Oral Iron Tablets.","authors":"Syunki Yamada, Taiki Mihara, Tamaki Kurosawa, Aya Maruyama, Katsuyo Ohashi-Doi, Yuko Mitobe, Masatoshi Hori","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b24-00789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral iron preparations for iron deficiency anemia have major side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, which are gastrointestinal symptoms widely known to occur with gastrointestinal motility disorders. However, it is unclear whether these symptoms are associated with gastrointestinal motility. This study aimed to explore the correlation between oral iron preparations that cause nausea and vomiting with gastrointestinal motility. Sodium ferrous citrate (SFC), a common ingredient in iron preparations, was used in this study. Gastrointestinal motility in mice was measured using the ¹³C-octanoic acid breath test to determine gastric emptying and colonic transport capacities using the bead expulsion test. SFC significantly delayed gastric emptying. However, it did not affect the colonic transport capacity. Treatment with the antiemetic palonosetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT₃) receptor inhibitor, abolished the gastric evacuation retardation effect of SFC. However, the additive in the SFC formulation, palonosetron alone, did not affect the gastric emptying capacity. These results suggest that iron preparations cause vagal nausea and vomiting in the upper gastrointestinal tract due to chemical stimulation of the gastrointestinal blood with a concomitant reduction in gastric emptying capacity. Knowledge of the association of delayed gastric emptying with the onset of iron-induced nausea is useful for understanding iron-induced adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 4","pages":"432-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Serotype rh.10 and Optimization of Its Purification via Chloroform Extraction.","authors":"Naoki Tamura, Kanzo Suzuki, Hirono Shiraki, Issei Waguri, Eri Segi-Nishida","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b24-00850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are widely used for manipulating gene expression. AAVrh.10 is a highly infectious AAV serotype for the central nervous system and various tissues. Owing to its potential use in research, we aimed to optimize the production strategy and develop a simple purification protocol for the AAVrh.10 vector. In this study, we explored a simple production and purification strategy for the AAVrh.10 vector via chloroform extraction and ultrafiltration. Initially, we evaluated the optimal conditions for AAVrh.10-CAG-GFP production using AAV-293 cells. AAVrh.10-CAG-GFP was successfully produced in a serum-free medium after plasmid transfection. Moreover, the culture medium contained a substantial amount of the virus. Therefore, both AAVrh.10-containing cell lysate and culture medium should be used to prepare the AAVrh.10 viral vector. To purify and concentrate AAVrh.10-CAG-GFP from the crude lysate and medium, we optimized the chloroform extraction and ultrafiltration strategies. Subsequently, purified AAVrh.10-CAG-GFP was used to infect HEK-293T cells. Overall, this study provides a simple and effective AAVrh.10 vector preparation strategy for basic and preclinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 4","pages":"355-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Optimization of Charge-Reversible Lipid Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Protein Delivery Using the Design-of-Experiment Approach.","authors":"Dai Oyama, Masako Okada, Furan Song, Chiori Nitta, Hiroyuki Koide, Sei Yonezawa, Tomohiro Asai","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00722","DOIUrl":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to elucidate the manufacturing process parameters with optimal quality characteristics of protein-encapsulated dioleoylglycerophosphate-diethylenediamine (DOP-DEDA)-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for intracellular protein drug delivery. DOP-DEDA is a pH-responsive and charge-reversible lipid for intracellular cargo delivery. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a weakly acidic protein model, and LNPs were prepared using microfluidic technology, which has many advantages for practical applications. BSA-encapsulated DOP-DEDA-based LNPs showed pH-responsive charge reversibility and excellent quality characteristics for the intracellular delivery of proteins. A process optimization study was conducted by applying the Box-Behnken design in a design-of-experiment approach. The particle size, ζ-potential, and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated in response to the total flow rate, lipid concentration, and lipid solution ratio. The lipid solution ratio and total flow rate significantly affected the particle size and encapsulation efficiency, respectively. On the contrary, none of the process parameters affected the ζ-potential. Moreover, a map of the predicted values was constructed for the particle size and encapsulation efficiency using a multiple regression equation. In the predicted particle size range of 77-215 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 14-35%, the observed values were close to the predicted values, and 100-nm LNPs were reproduced with an encapsulation efficiency of 27%. Therefore, manufacturing process parameters were established to obtain protein-encapsulated DOP-DEDA-based LNPs with optimal quality characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"48 3","pages":"286-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}