Blood Purification最新文献

{"title":"Hemoadsorption: One Name, Varied Techniques.","authors":"Stefano Romagnoli, Gianluca Villa, Francesco Barbani, Zaccaria Ricci","doi":"10.1159/000545741","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite significant efforts to improve outcomes for patients with sepsis and septic shock, mortality rates remain alarmingly high.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Beyond standard management, novel adjuvant treatments seek to improve outcomes through a personalized approach. Among these, immunomodulation strategies aim to reestablish a balance in the dysregulated immune system, managing both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. In recent years, various techniques utilizing extracorporeal circuits equipped with filters or cartridges, collectively referred to as blood purification therapies, have been developed and introduced to the market. Hemoadsorption, whether used alone or in conjunction with hemofiltration, may clear a broad range of substances from the blood, including inflammatory mediators, drugs, trace elements, bacteria, and viruses.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Understanding the fundamental principles of blood purification techniques is essential for enhancing survival probabilities, keeping in mind the principle of primum non nocere as a guiding tenet of our daily practice. This review aimed to give an overview of hemoadsorption techniques by presenting current evidence and highlighting key areas that require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Chamber Design: A Comparative Analysis of Retention Characteristics.","authors":"Osamu Yamaga, Masafumi Fukuda, Kei Fukami, Nobuhisa Hirayu, Masakazu Nabeta, Tetsurou Imai, Gaku Sugihara, Osamu Takasu, Norio Yamashita","doi":"10.1159/000545779","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The air trap chamber used in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) often causes clot formation due to gas interface, blood stasis and turbulent flow. The designs of this chamber vary widely. Few studies have quantitatively evaluated ex vivo quasi-blood stasis for different chamber types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flow retention characteristics at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 s in a top-feed chamber (where blood flow enters vertically from the top and passes through a mesh within the air trap chamber with a chamber 12 mL in volume) and a side-feed chamber (where blood flow enters from the side and bottom, without a mesh filter, with a flow deviator and 6 mL chamber volume) were evaluated using a 30% glycerin and iodine povidone-solution. Still images of the chambers at each time point were converted to 8-bit grayscale using Image J software (ver.1.54, Maryland, USA), with a brightness threshold in the range of 1-80 to compare the two chamber designs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both chambers showed a decrease in the values of the highlighted areas over time; however, from 20 s, the side-feed chamber showed significantly lower values of the highlighted areas compared with the top-feed chamber. Similar to the findings at 20 s, significant differences in the values of the highlighted areas favored the side-feed chamber and persisted at 30, 40, 50, and 60 s. Furthermore, pseudo blood remained superficially in the top-feed chamber, while the side-feed chamber exhibited vortex flow, less stasis, turbulence, and stagnation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The two chambers tested emptied of pseudo blood at different rates, with varying retention characteristics, with the side-feed chamber showing less pseudo-blood retention at all-time points assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombocytopenia in Children and Young Adults Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A WE-ROCK Study.","authors":"Abby Basalely, Katja M Gist, Natalja L Stanski, Dana Y Fuhrman, JangDong Seo, Nicholas J Ollberding, Amy Strong, Mihaela Damian, Catherine Morgan, Stephanie Reynaud, Melissa Muff-Luett, Akash Deep, Carmela Serpe, Kelli A Krallman, Shina Menon","doi":"10.1159/000545777","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thrombocytopenia in patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in adults is associated with mortality. Pediatric data are limited. The association between pre-CRRT thrombocytopenia and platelet decline at 24 h of CRRT with outcomes was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis of the Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK) includes patients' birth-25 years who underwent CRRT. Exclusions were end-stage kidney disease, non-acute kidney injury/fluid overload CRRT indication, concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, missing baseline platelets, platelet disorders, and hematologic malignancy. Primary exposures were (i) pre-CRRT thrombocytopenia (≤100 × 103/μL) and (ii) ≥30% decline at 24 h of CRRT in those with pre-CRRT >100 × 103/μL. Primary outcome was survival to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Secondary outcomes included major adverse kidney events at 90 days (MAKE-90) (death, dialysis dependence, creatinine >125% baseline) from CRRT initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 805 patients were included. Overall, 63.9% had baseline thrombocytopenia, median (IQR) platelets of 38 (20, 63) ×103/μL. Baseline thrombocytopenia occurred in younger septic patients with higher illness severity. A ≥30% decline occurred in 33% of patients. Those with a ≥30% platelet decline were more commonly younger patients and had smaller catheters. Pre-CRRT thrombocytopenia and platelet decline were associated with ICU mortality in univariate but not multivariate models. There was no association with MAKE-90.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thrombocytopenia is common prior to CRRT initiation and is associated with greater illness severity. These findings stress the importance of vigilant monitoring of platelet levels before CRRT initiation and during therapy as thrombocytopenia at both time points may be a prognostic indicator. Additionally, this study highlights the need for future research to clarify the interplay of patient and mechanical factors in this phenomenon and guide potential interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Fluid Management on Outcomes in Sequential Extracorporeal Support: A Post Hoc Analysis.","authors":"Lucia Cattin, Sergio Lassola, Eleonora Balzani, Maria Salinas Rojo, Nicola Marchionna, Anna Lorenzin, Massimo De Cal, Monica Zanella, Claudio Ronco, Vinicio Danzi, Silvia De Rosa","doi":"10.1159/000545728","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses, often leading to multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and extracorporeal blood purification therapies have emerged as vital adjuncts to manage fluid overload and modulate immune responses in septic shock. This study evaluates the impact of daily fluid balance variation on 90-day mortality and hospital length of stay in ICU patients undergoing CRRT for septic shock with endotoxin activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A post hoc analysis of the EUPHAS 2 project was conducted on 61 ICU patients with nonresponsive endotoxin shock at San Bortolo Hospital (2016-2021). Bayesian joint models assessed the relationship between fluid balance and mortality. Mediation analysis explored the impact of CRRT on mechanical ventilation duration and hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fluid overload and excessive ultrafiltration were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and extended hospital stays. Targeted fluid balance management reduced 90-day mortality risk by 50%. CRRT reduced hospital length of stay directly by 5.31 days but indirectly extended it by 11.78 days due to mechanical ventilation. Optimal fluid balance was critical for minimizing mortality and complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Careful and tailored fluid management in CRRT is essential for improving survival rates and clinical outcomes in septic shock patients. Continuous monitoring of fluid dynamics is necessary to optimize hemodynamic stability and avoid complications. Future multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and refine fluid management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexities in Interpretation of Elevated Serum Creatinine.","authors":"Abutaleb Ahsan Ejaz, Ami M Patel, Maria C Browne, Evan I Fisher, Kamyar Pournazari, Stephen L Seliger","doi":"10.1159/000545122","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized Trial of Pharmacist Integration in Haemodialysis Teams: Effects on Phosphorus Control and Patient Outcomes.","authors":"Xin Jiang, Xiaolan Ye, Haihong Lin, Junfen Guo, Yaoqin Huang, Zhenzhen Lin, Liangliang Xu, Xuefeng Li, Chen Chen, Linying Kong, Cheng Jiang","doi":"10.1159/000545475","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the limited historical engagement of hospital pharmacists in managing blood phosphorus levels, their involvement in this aspect of care for haemodialysis patients remains an underexplored yet potentially promising and effective approach that warrants further investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare a control group receiving standard care from doctors and nurses with a test group that, in addition to standard care, received medication education and health promotion interventions from pharmacists. This trial is registered at chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100044887, and is complete.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test group demonstrated a significant reduction in blood phosphorus levels (p = 0.0056) and an improvement in blood calcium levels (p = 0.0238), whereas the control group showed no significant changes. The study also identified several potential major epidemiological characteristics for chronic kidney disease, including rural residence (72% of the patients), hypertension (84%), low educational attainment (84%), occupation as farmers or labourers (92%), and low- to middle-income levels (52%). Conversely, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and marital status were not found to be major epidemiological characteristics. The impact of varying health promotion methodologies on biochemical indicators and blood pressure was minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of pharmacists into the clinical team appeared to contribute to the reduction of blood phosphorus levels and healthcare expenditures, highlighting their pivotal role in the cost-effective, multidisciplinary management of haemodialysis patients. This finding underscores the significant economic and clinical importance of considering pharmacists as valuable members of the healthcare team in efforts to optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dialysis vintage is partially associated with sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis.","authors":"Dario R Mondini, Marvery P Duarte, Maryanne Zilli Canedo Silva, Henrique Santos Disessa, Maristela Bohlke, Angélica N Adamoli, Rodrigo R Krug, Maria C K Panno, Daiana C Bundchen, Luiz A R Medina, Antônio J Inda-Filho, Jacyara Santos de Oliveira, Barbara P Vogt, Maycon M Reboredo, Marco C Uchida, Heitor S Ribeiro","doi":"10.1159/000545258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dialysis-related factors may contribute to sarcopenia, but this has yet to be explored. We investigated the association between dialysis vintage and sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of the SARC-HD study. Sarcopenia was assessed according to the revised EWGSOP2 criteria using handgrip strength and calf circumference measurements. We considered sarcopenia as confirmed and severe stages. Patients were stratified into groups according to the quintiles of dialysis vintage months: 3-11; 12-24; 25-43; 44-76; and ≥77. The 12-24 months group was adopted as reference in adjusted binary logistic regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>983 patients from 19 dialysis centers were included (67% male, median age 59 years). The median dialysis vintage was 33 months [interquartile range: 14-67], 31% were receiving hemodiafiltration, and 29% had a short daily weekly frequency (≥4 sessions/week). Probable sarcopenia was found in 12%, confirmed in 9%, and severe in 5%. Probable sarcopenia was higher in the 3-11 months group (p=0.045). In the overall analysis, no significant association was found between dialysis vintage and sarcopenia. However, in sensitivity exploratory analyses excluding patients on hemodiafiltration, the shortest (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-7.00) and longest (OR=3.02, 95%CI: 1.22-7.44) dialysis vintage groups showed higher odds of sarcopenia compared to the 12-24 months group. A similar pseudo-U-shaped association was found among patients on conventional weekly frequency (excluding short daily), where the shortest (aOR=2.88, 95%CI: 1.23-6.74) and longest (aOR=2.77, 95%CI: 1.17-6.55) dialysis vintage groups were associated with higher odds of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the association between dialysis vintage and sarcopenia was observed in conventional hemodialysis regimens. This association seems to be pseudo-U-shaped in the shortest and longest dialysis vintage groups. Future studies should examine how pre-dialysis care and dialysis regimens affect sarcopenia development or progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Waste Mass in Used Hemodialysis Circuits by Quality Control Circle Activity.","authors":"YingYan Liang, Ni Xu, YongXiao Zhang, MeiXia Wu, QiuQin Ding, Jing Yin, JieEr Guo, QiongQiong Yang, Hao Li, XiaoMei Li","doi":"10.1159/000545400","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The improvement of waste management constitutes a critical component of green nephrology initiatives. Hemodialysis circuits represent a substantial proportion of medical waste generated in dialysis units, yet standardized industry protocols for optimizing the disposal of discarded hemodialysis circuits remain underdeveloped. This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of Quality Control Circle (QCC) methodology in reducing the total mass of discarded hemodialysis circuits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary QCC task force was established with the explicitly defined objective: \"reduce residual fluid volume in discarded hemodialysis circuits.\" The QCC methodology was systematically implemented to drive process improvements. Residual fluid mass from decommissioned hemodialysis circuits served as the primary quality metric, with comparative analyses conducted pre- and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Implementation of QCC interventions resulted in a 29.7% reduction in mean circuit mass, decreasing from 0.64 ± 0.015 kg to 0.45 ± 0.012 kg (p < 0.01) across the sampled hemodialysis apparatus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of QCC activities has significantly reduced residual waste from hemodialysis circuits, leading to environmental conservation and lower waste disposal costs. QCC serves as an effective management tool for hemodialysis units to promote the concept of green nephrology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Extracorporeal Renal Replacement Therapies: Balancing Budgetary Considerations with Ethical Implications.","authors":"Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero, Fiammetta Zanetti, Akash Nayak Karopadi, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000545389","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluating extracorporeal therapies for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requires balancing cost-effectiveness with patient-centered care. With dialysis costs exceeding EUR 2 billion annually in Italy and USD 29 billion in the USA, assessing the economic implications of emerging technologies against their clinical benefits is crucial. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and health technology assessment (HTA) are widely used to evaluate healthcare interventions, yet they often fail to capture qualitative improvements in patients' quality of life. Additionally, ethical considerations remain underrepresented in these frameworks, despite their importance in guiding equitable resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This manuscript examines the landscape of extracorporeal therapies within the healthcare systems of Italy and the USA, highlighting the economic and ethical challenges in their evaluation. A novel two-dimensional framework is introduced, integrating bioethical principles - such as justice, equality, and equity - into CEA to ensure that interventions are assessed not only for their financial sustainability but also for their societal and ethical impact. By incorporating ethical considerations into CEA, the framework offers a more comprehensive approach to decision-making in healthcare resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>(1) Traditional CEA and HTA methods often overlook qualitative improvements in patient quality of life. (2) Ethical considerations, including justice and equity, should be integrated into economic evaluations of healthcare interventions. (3) A two-dimensional framework is proposed to balance economic viability with patient-centered outcomes. (4) Incorporating ethics into CEA enhances healthcare decision-making, fostering innovation and equitable patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Assessment of Drug Adsorption Profiles during Hemoadsorption Therapy.","authors":"Andreas Körtge, Christoph Kamper, Gerd Klinkmann, Reinhold Wasserkort, Steffen Mitzner","doi":"10.1159/000545120","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of hemoadsorption devices is increasingly gaining impact as an adjunct therapy for various critical conditions in ICU patients, including systemic hyperinflammation, cytokine release syndrome, sepsis, and more. A key concern in this therapy is its impact on the plasma levels of concurrently administered drugs, which could potentially be reduced to subtherapeutic levels, affecting patient care. The present study investigates the adsorption behavior of various drugs in an in vitro hemoadsorption model using human whole blood, aiming to provide insights for optimizing drug dosing during hemoadsorption therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study assessed the removal rates and clearances of several drugs, namely, apixaban, argatroban, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, valproate, levosimendan, methylene blue, and metformin, by circulating the blood through CytoSorb adsorbers in an in vitro setup.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant removal (75 to 100% of the initial concentration) and high initial plasma clearances (approximately 10-25 mL/min) were observed for most of the tested drugs within the first 30-60 min of recirculation. Lower removal rates and clearances were noted for valproate (approximately 40% and 5 mL/min) and metformin (approximately 15% and 1 mL/min).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate considerable differences in the adsorption of the tested drugs and should be confirmed by additional in vivo studies with careful monitoring of drug levels throughout the course of therapy. Understanding the in vivo dynamics is crucial for adjusting dosages appropriately during hemoadsorption use to ensure therapeutic efficacy and patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}