Wildlife biology in practice (Online)最新文献

{"title":"How hunting strengthens social awareness of coupled human-natural systems","authors":"M. N. Peterson, H. P. Hansen, M. Peterson, T. Peterson","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2010.6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2010.6.10","url":null,"abstract":"Hunting has the potential to remind modern societies of their reliance on natural systems. As a material and symbolic practice that motivates both hunters and non-hunters to certain actions relative to nature, hunting enables society to experience itself and nature differently than it could if humans no longer hunted. Although hunting may be anachronistic in modern society, certain dimensions of hunting culture may enable society to re-collect a sense of human integration with nature. In this essay, we develop a critical perspective grounded in neo-Marxist and Durkheimian theory to analyze how hunting may contribute to linking humans and nature by rendering the materiality of food production explicit, and how hunting culture strengthens the symbolic meaning of food in ways that are rooted in its materiality. We trace this potential through the practices of searching, killing, processing, and consuming food obtained via hunting. Along the way, we note how technology, both formal and informal social control, and commoditization may constrain hunting’s potential to highlight linkages between human and natural systems.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"28 1","pages":"127-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78792240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in a land-use mosaic: conservation implications for human-elephant coexistence in the Anamalai hills, India","authors":"Anand Kumar Mavatur, Mewa Singh","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2010.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2010.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding behavior of elephants in human-dominated landscapes can facilitate creation of management tools for conflict resolution and help foster human-elephant coexistence. We studied behavior of Asian elephants (Elephas Maximus) in the Valparai plateau, a 220 km² landscape matrix of rainforest fragments, tea, coffee, and Eucalyptus plantations, and in relation to humans in the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats of India. We employed scan sampling method for data collection. Feeding by elephants was lowest in open canopy habitat of tea, and it gradually increased in canopy covered plantations of coffee and Eucalyptus and in densely covered natural vegetation. Vigilance behavior of elephants was lowest in forest fragments and riverine vegetation as they could avoid encountering humans. This behavior peaked in tea plantations due to intense human activity there. Elephants maintained closer inter-individual distances in tea and this distance gradually increased in canopy habitats of coffee, Eucalyptus and natural vegetation. Predictor variables such as human presence and proximity to elephants resulted in reduced feeding and increased agitation in elephants while distance of settlements to elephants did not influence behavior of elephants. We found that fewer than 10 people at a threshold distance of more than 30 m had minimum impact on feeding, resting, and movement and decreased vigilant behavior in elephants. We, therefore, suggest that protection and non-conversion of canopy habitats and maintaining minimum threshold distance of humans from elephants would foster normal activities of elephants and help promote human-elephant coexistence in such landscapes.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"71 1","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85898218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brood Desertion in Ducks: The Ecological Significance of Parental Care for Offspring Survival.","authors":"M. Boos, F. Auroy, C. Zimmer, T. Liukkonen, N. Poulin, O. Petit, J. Robin","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2010.6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2010.6.8","url":null,"abstract":"The debate concerning the relative importance of the costs and benefits of parental investment decisions has created considerable controversy. This is especially true in the discussion for duck species, where the link between ending of parental care and offspring survival has not been fully determined. This experimental study tests whether mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos; a non-creching species with maternal care-) achieve maximum survival potential before the typical ending of the hen-brood bond. As mortality rates are at their highest during the first two weeks post-hatching, our experimental investigation of survival was restricted to ducklings from 2 weeks of age until fledging, in non-deserted (ND, control group; n=36) and prematurely abandoned (D, deserted treatment group; n=35) broods under free-ranging conditions. The experiment was conducted over two years to take differences in weather conditions into account. According to age periods, survival rates ranged from 65 to 95% in the D group and from 97 to 100% in the ND. Survival probability of deserted ducklings was 23% lower than that of the control group (p 0.09) thereafter. Assuming that the hen-brood bond is time-disrupted at ~6 weeks post-hatching, our results are consistent with the idea that trade-offs associated with the provision and the consequent ceasing of maternal care have evolved according to the intrinsic ability of ducklings to survive on their own at ~4 weeks post-hatching. The dissipation of the behavioural-hormonal processes underlying the hen-brood bond probably requires a delay between these two events. The maintaining of maternal care for ~4 weeks post-hatching also coincides with the most critical periods of duckling vulnerability after hatching, during which the hen has an important anti-predator role to play.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"11 1","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83864452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genital and sperm characteristics of wild, free ranging red deer stags (Cervus elaphus L) hunted in different regions of Poland","authors":"Z. Giżejewski, L. Söderquist, H. Rodríguez-Martínez","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2010.6.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2010.6.7","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to establish reference values for sperm morphology in wild red deer, genital tracts were collected from thirty-six 3 11 years old free-ranging, wild red deer stags (Cervus elaphus L) shot down during 3 consecutive mating seasons (1996-1998) at three different environmental regions of Poland, defining two major ecotypes: (i) highland (outer eastern Carpathian range, Bieszczady mountains) and, (ii) lowland (Mazuria and Pomerania) and studied within 4.5h 49h after death for testis (T), epididymides (E) and vesicular gland (VG) variables. Spermatozoa collected from the E-cauda were examined for motility and morphology (light and electron microscopy levels). Both T size and weight and VS-weight differed with age (P<0.05-0.01) while habitat influenced T size and weight (P<0.01) a well as sperm motility (P<0.05). Neither sperm numbers nor morphology showed significant differences, mostly owing to the large variation recorded among stags (range 1 72%). Domain-grouped sperm morphological deviations were <5%, the mean total proportion of abnormal spermatozoa ranging 7.2-17.5%. Although variation was present, the values ought to be used as reference for spermiogrammes.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"126 1","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85706562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial geometry of amphibian distribution in Alabama, USA","authors":"Xiongwen Chen","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2010.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2010.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing species distribution at a large scale is important for understanding community structure and for strategic conservation at large scales. Species population distribution allows for characterization of emergent species structure and some interesting geometric features in nature follow a power law. In this study, the distances to nearest neighbor among thousands of historical locality records of subpopulations from 60 amphibian species in 12 families at Alabama, USA were studied using a computational approach to characterize their spatial geometry. The results indicated that the distances to the nearest subpopulations follow a power-law distribution and that the nearest neighbors formed similar triangles in the distribution of subpopulations for the majority of amphibian species. The results may provide a new understanding of amphibian spatial structure from a geometric perspective and these geometric characteristics may have implications for ecological conservation of declining amphibians at a large scale.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"559 1","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84617181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First evidence of non-parental male infanticide in the endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus).","authors":"G. López, M. López-Parra, Leonardo D. Fernández, Gema Ruiz, J. M. Gil-Sánchez, M. A. Simón","doi":"10.2461/WBP.LYNX.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.LYNX.5","url":null,"abstract":"Based on both radio-tracking and photo-trapping data, we present in this paper the first evidence of a non-parental male infanticide in the Iberian lynx. This paper is focused on the behaviour of 3 Iberian lynxes [one resident male (RM); one resident female (RF), and one incoming male (IM)] of the Donana population, recorded in the spring of 2007. The first two animals were monitored by radio-tacking and the third one by camera trapping. During the mating season of 2007, RM and RF were the only adult lynxes detected in the area. In February, a new incoming adult male was first spotted within RF’s territory. In March, RM was found dead due to a Feline Leukaemia Virus infection. A few days later RF cubs were found dead, and the evidences collected point out to a case of infanticide committed by IM. More research on this type of behaviour is necessary, since it can represent a relevant threat to population reproductive success and increasing rate. Based on this event, when a replacement of males takes place during the first three months of lactation in the vicinity of a reproductive female home-range, the cubs could suffer a potential infanticide event. Conservation managers should take this into account by increasing cub surveillance or by considering cub removal for captive breeding.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89258049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Camera Trapping in Determining Iberian Lynx Population Parameters: The Use Area and Its Limitations","authors":"F. Guil, S. Agudín, N. E. Khadir, J. Figueredo, F. García‐Domínguez, P. Garzón, G. Gonzalez, F. Silvestre, J. Oria","doi":"10.2461/WBP.LYNX.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.LYNX.1","url":null,"abstract":"Below are the results of the survey of the Iberian lynx obtained with camera-trapping between 2000 and 2007 in Sierra Morena. Two very important aspects of camera-trapping concerning its efficiency are also analyzed. The first is the evolution along years according to the camera-trapping type used of two efficiency indicators. The results obtained demonstrate that the most efficient lure is rabbit, though it is the less proven (92 trap-nights), followed by camera-trapping in the most frequent marking places (latrines). And, we propose as a novel the concept of use area as a spatial reference unit for the camera-trapping monitoring of non radio-marked animals is proposed, and its validity discussed.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86558955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recovery of Iberian Lynx Populations: The Greatest Conservation Challenge in the Iberian Peninsula for the XXIst Century?","authors":"Pedro Sarmento","doi":"10.2461/WBP.LYNX.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.LYNX.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79362520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite Telemetry of Large Mammals in Mongolia: What Expectations Should We Have for Collar Function?","authors":"P Kaczensky, T Y Ito, C Walzer","doi":"10.2461/wbp.2010.6.9","DOIUrl":"10.2461/wbp.2010.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid pace of the development of satellite wildlife tracking tools has left little time for thorough testing of new equipment and identifying possible sources of technical failures. In the Gobi and Eastern Steppe region of Mongolia we deployed 98 satellite collars, collecting animal locations using the Doppler based Argos (n = 29) or the global positioning system (GPS; n = 69), on 45 Asiatic wild asses (Equus hemionus), 34 Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa), 15 Przewalski's horses (E. ferus przewalskii), eight wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus), and two wolves (Canis lupus). Although, we collected valuable data from little-known species in a remote environment, of 98 collars deployed, only 29 worked as good as or better than expected whereas 69 were subject to technical problems. The majority of problems had to do with a reduced performance of the Argos component (n = 12), with both the Argos and the GPS components (n = 1), or with the Argos component in combination with another unknown problem (n = 12). Further problems were caused by human error during manufacturing or deployment (n = 10), software bugs (n = 7), mechanical failures (n = 5), poor GPS performance (n = 1) and premature failures for unknown reasons (3 ≤ n ≤ 21). The better performance of Argos only collars on Mongolian gazelles and of collars not attached to an animal suggest that a large body mass reduces the Argos signal below a critical threshold. Consequently, we presently would not recommend the use of collars depending on an Argos unit for data collection or transfer on large bodied ungulates in central Asia. Although, several premature failures may have been caused by animals being poached, our failure rate remains high and indicates that managers and researchers need to be aware that there is a high risk of equipment failure when applying newly emerging satellite tracking technology. This implies logistic and financial uncertainties which may be difficult to explain to the scientific community, the public, management- and funding agencies alike. We recommend the development of a web-based platform where users and producers of telemetry products can quickly post and exchange their experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"6 2","pages":"108-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3191856/pdf/ukmss-36572.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30212748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WILD RABBIT MANAGEMENT IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR IBERIAN LYNX CONSERVATION","authors":"C. Ferreira, M. Delibes‐Mateos","doi":"10.2461/WBP.LYNX.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.LYNX.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Iberian lynx is the most endangered cat in the world. At present, this felid is only found in Mediterranean forests and scrublands of southern Spain, restricted to two populations, Donana and eastern Sierra Morena. However, these two isolated populations alone are not sufficient to support this emblematic species in the long-term. Natural expansion from these populations is limited which turns Iberian lynx reintroduction programs into the only alternative to save the species from extinction. Therefore, one of the priorities of lynx reintroduction programs is inevitably the spatial expansion of wild rabbit populations, it main prey, by boosting its numbers. In this paper we briefly review historical and recent wild rabbit population trends and provide management guidelines to promote the efficiency of conservation planning in the context of future Iberian lynx reintroductions.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"40 1","pages":"48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75627893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}