Wildlife biology in practice (Online)最新文献_第7页

Validation of a citizen science-based model of coyote occupancy with camera traps in suburban and urban New York, USA 美国纽约郊区和城市中基于公民科学的土狼占用相机陷阱模型的验证

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2012-09-06 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2012.8.3

Christopher M. Nagy

{"title":"Validation of a citizen science-based model of coyote occupancy with camera traps in suburban and urban New York, USA","authors":"Christopher M. Nagy","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2012.8.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2012.8.3","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the accuracy of a previously published model of coyote (Canis latrans) sightings in suburban Westchester County, New York. This model was originally developed using citizen reports of coyote sightings to predict the probability of a human-coyote interaction based on proximity to habitat features. Because the data were obtained from surveys, researchers could not separate patterns of site occupancy by coyotes from possible patterns of detection by respondents. Nevertheless, the model could be an indicator of site occupancy within the suburban matrix. We sought to evaluate the predictive power of the human-coyote interaction model with data gathered via a more rigorous method. To build a set of validation sites, we surveyed 11 parks in Westchester County and one park in Bronx County, NY with camera traps between April and October of 2010. The probability of photographing a coyote in a single trap-night was 0.06 ± 0.12 and all sites had >0.9 probability of detecting a coyote at least once given the total trap-nights at each site. During validation, we also added four additional sites that had been surveyed by other researchers with camera traps as additional “present” sites. Predictions of coyote presence or absence based on the human-coyote interaction model for these 16 validation sites were compared to the observed survey results. The model, which contained distances to forest, grassland, and pooled medium and high development performed well in predicting the observed data (kappa = 0.75 ± 0.17, Area-Under-Curve of Receiver-Operator-Characteristic plots = 0.90). The model appears to sufficiently predict coyote occupancy in a suburban-urban landscape and will form the basis of for development of a more comprehensive model of coyote distribution in the New York City metropolitan area. Furthermore, its accuracy illustrates how citizen science can provide reliable estimates of wildlife-habitat patterns in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"38 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85470019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Abundance and habitat suitability model for Ratel (Mellivora capensis) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India. 印度西部Sariska老虎保护区拉特尔(Mellivora capensis)丰度及生境适宜性模型。

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2012-09-02 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2012.8.2

Shilpi Gupta, K. Mondal, K. Sankar, Q. Qureshi

{"title":"Abundance and habitat suitability model for Ratel (Mellivora capensis) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India.","authors":"Shilpi Gupta, K. Mondal, K. Sankar, Q. Qureshi","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2012.8.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2012.8.2","url":null,"abstract":"The honey badger, or ratel Mellivora capensis has not been well studied and very little information is available on its population and habitat use. We used occupancy based technique and binary logistic regression to assess the abundance and habitat suitability for ratel in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, Western India between November 2007 to June 2009. In total, 100 trapping stations were sampled for 25 days resulting into total effort of 2500 trapping nights. The 100 trapping stations covered an area of 95.99 km2 (MCP). Presence/ absence data was gathered through camera trap photographs in two seasons, winter and summer. The density of ratel was found to be 5.48 ± 4.33 animals/ 100 km2 in summer and 6.43 ± 2.79 animals/ 100 km2 in winter. Two sample t test revealed no significant difference in the abundance of ratel between seasons (t=1.493, df=8, P=0.173). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed overall prediction accuracy for depicting the ratel presence in the intensive study area was 64.8%. Elevation, closeness to water and Zizyphus mixed forest was found to contribute positively for the prediction of suitable habitat for ratel in the intensive study area. Comparatively, very less area was found as medium and high suitable areas for this species.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"40 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72693495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Population density estimation of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) in Sicily using camera trapping 用相机诱捕法估计西西里岛欧洲野猫(Felis silvestris silvestris)的种群密度

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2012-07-03 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2012.8.1

S. Anile, C. Amico, B. Ragni

{"title":"Population density estimation of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) in Sicily using camera trapping","authors":"S. Anile, C. Amico, B. Ragni","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2012.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2012.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"The wildcat is an elusive species that is threatened with extinction in many areas of its European distribution. In Sicily the wildcat lives in a wide range of habitats; this study was done on Mount Etna. A previous camera trap monitoring was conducted in 2006 (pilot study) and 2007 (first estimation of wildcat population size using camera trapping with capture-recapture analyses) in the same study area. In 2009 digital camera traps in pair were used at each station with the aim of obtaining photographs of the wildcat. Experience and data collected from previous studies were used to develop a protocol to estimate the density of the wildcat’s population using capture–recapture analyses and the coat-colour and markings system to recognize individuals. Two trap-lines adjacent to each other were run in two consecutive data collection periods. Camera traps worked together for 1080 trap-days and we obtained 42 pictures of wildcats from 32 events of photographic capture, from which 10 individuals ( excluding four kittens) were determined. The history capture of each individual was constructed and the software CAPTURE was used to generate an estimation of the population density (0.22 to 0.44 wildcat/100 ha) for our study area using two different approaches for the calculation of the effective area sampled. \u0000The wildcat’s population density on Mount Etna is higher than those found throughout Europe, and is favoured by the habitat structure, prey availability, Mediterranean climate and the protection status provided by the park.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75270475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Habitat Use Patterns of Juvenile Ladyfish ( Elops saurus ) in Florida (USA) Estuaries 佛罗里达(美国)河口小瓢虫(Elops saurus)的生境利用模式

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2010.6.4

J. C. Levesque

{"title":"Habitat Use Patterns of Juvenile Ladyfish ( Elops saurus ) in Florida (USA) Estuaries","authors":"J. C. Levesque","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2010.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2010.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Natural Resource management is evolving toward ensuring sustainable ecosystems rather than sustainable yields. Understanding how a species interacts with its environment is fundamental for sound ecosystem management. If we are progressing toward an ecosystem management approach, then we must first understand how a species interacts with its environment and how the environment affects a species population dynamics. Ladyfish ( Elops saurus ) are a valuable commercial and recreational species; however, limited information is available describing the importance of their habitat. To date, only a few studies have noted the environmental conditions during ladyfish field-collections, and only one study has investigated ladyfish nursery habitats in any detail. Given the economic importance of ladyfish in Florida (USA), the objective of this investigation was to define, for the first time, juvenile ladyfish relative abundance in association to environmental conditions and habitat use at multiple Florida estuaries. In addition, this investigation re-examined some of the scientific findings and conclusions of previous ladyfish studies; incorporated additional data sets; and evaluated available ladyfish data at a finer scale of phenomena. Overall, juvenile ladyfish were collected in waters with wide-ranging environmental conditions having a sandy bottom, but preferred specific locations with particular dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, and salinity levels according to their size.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"7 1","pages":"39-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Assessment of wild Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) body condition by simple scoring method in a tropical deciduous forest of Western Ghats, Southern India. 用简单评分法评价印度南部西高止山脉热带落叶林中野生亚洲象的身体状况。

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-11-06 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2011.7.17

T. Ramesh, R. Kalle, K. Sankar, Q. Qureshi

{"title":"Assessment of wild Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) body condition by simple scoring method in a tropical deciduous forest of Western Ghats, Southern India.","authors":"T. Ramesh, R. Kalle, K. Sankar, Q. Qureshi","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2011.7.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2011.7.17","url":null,"abstract":"The individual based body condition assessment is the most meaningful method when applied as an early indicator of the impact of management actions and health status of wild elephants. The body condition evaluation of wild Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus) was studied within 107 km2 area covering deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats from February 2008 to December 2009. Overall vehicle drive of 3740 km yielded 1622 body condition assessments. A higher percentage of adult male and female were either in poor or medium condition during the dry season compared to the wet season. The proportion of adult female body condition was found to be poor compared to adult males. This might be due to less availability of nutritional food during the dry season and since elephant calving occurred throughout the year in Mudumalai, nutritional stress in lactating females could have resulted in their poor body condition. The aging factor could also be one of the reasons where either medium/poor condition was noticed mainly in adult elephants. It is suggested that long-term monitoring of body condition evaluation should be carried out not only in Asiatic elephant but even for several other wild ungulates.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"95 2 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Protocol for Large-scale Monitoring of Riparian-Associated Mammals 河岸相关哺乳动物大规模监测方案

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-10-05 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2011.7.15

D. B. Lesmeister, C. Nielsen

{"title":"Protocol for Large-scale Monitoring of Riparian-Associated Mammals","authors":"D. B. Lesmeister, C. Nielsen","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2011.7.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2011.7.15","url":null,"abstract":"The design of large-scale wildlife monitoring programs must include long term and geographically broad methods of collecting reliable information on the status and trends in populations, with the overarching goal of providing inference about ecosystem health. We developed a monitoring protocol for populations of beaver (Castor canadensis), American mink (Neovison vison), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), and North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) in Illinois, USA. The goals of the monitoring program are to (1) determine the distribution, status and trends of riparian-associated mammal species in Illinois; (2) provide early warning of population declines; (3) contribute to baseline information and improve understanding of ecosystem dynamics; (4) produce data to meet certain legal mandates related to natural resource protection; and (5) measure progress towards wildlife management goals. We developed the riparian-associated mammal protocol in an occupancy modeling framework and provide estimates regarding 2 levels of precision. The estimated number of sites required to meet benchmark precision values was consistently 4 times greater for management objectives requiring more certainty. As estimated occupancy and detection probability increased, estimates of the number of sites necessary to achieve the desired precision decreased. Based on our analysis, goals, and logistical constraints of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, monitoring 193 sites selected from Illinois Environmental Protection Agency river and stream monitoring sites for riparian-associated mammals is the most appropriate goal. The scientifically sound information obtained through this monitoring program will have multiple applications for wildlife management and understanding of riparian ecosystem dynamics.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"502 1","pages":"55-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77821193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

A GIS based spatial prediction model for human – elephant conflicts (HEC) 基于GIS的人象冲突空间预测模型

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-09-21 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2011.7.14

G. Prasad, R. Shiny

{"title":"A GIS based spatial prediction model for human – elephant conflicts (HEC)","authors":"G. Prasad, R. Shiny","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2011.7.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2011.7.14","url":null,"abstract":"A spatially explicit model was used to predict the probable human-elephant conflict (HEC) zones in the Agali range of Mannarghat forest division, Western Ghats, India. In the study, various geo-environmental factors such as DEM, slope, aspect, canopy density, distance to forest, distance to hamlets, distance to drainage and distance to river were used for the analysis. Weights-of-Evidence analysis has been applied to find the HEC probability zone using Arc SDM, an extension of Arc GIS. Weight tables were created for each factor, which gave the information about the contrast, showing its positive or negative influence. Using these weight tables, a final predicted map, the posterior probability map was created which predicts the future human- elephant conflict zones. The class (-0.29-0.30) in the ‘canopy density’ shows a contrast value of 2.8515 which is the highest positive influence , while class 1000-1500 (m) in the ‘distance to forest’ shows the least positive influence value of 0.8462. The final posterior probability map shows positive trend towards north-east and negative trends towards south. The relationships between the different zones in the map were compared with, each classes of the eight multiclass geo-environmental variables and land use. We found a strong co-relation of HEC occurrence with distance to hamlets, agricultural land etc.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"24 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84750753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Enhancing Carcass Removal Trials at Three Wind Energy Facilities in Portugal 加强葡萄牙三个风能设施的胴体去除试验

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-09-21 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2011.7.11

J. Bernardino, Regina Bispo, P. Torres, R. Rebelo, Miguel Mascarenhas, Hugo Costa

{"title":"Enhancing Carcass Removal Trials at Three Wind Energy Facilities in Portugal","authors":"J. Bernardino, Regina Bispo, P. Torres, R. Rebelo, Miguel Mascarenhas, Hugo Costa","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2011.7.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2011.7.11","url":null,"abstract":"During the last years there has been a significant worldwide increase in the number of wind farms. This kind of energy can have negative impacts, such as the direct mortality or lethal injury of birds and bats caused by collision with wind turbines. In order to evaluate bird (or bat) mortality regarding wind power generation facilities, strict monitoring protocols are required which must take into account the possibility of carcass removal by scavenging animals or decomposition before the monitoring session. For this purpose, carcass removal trials with 180 carcasses representing three size classes (small, medium and large) were conducted in two seasons (Spring and Autumn) at three wind farms located in the central region of Portugal. No significant differences were found between removal rates of different wind farms or size classes contrarily to seasons, which presented an average carcass removal time of 3.9 and 4.6 days, respectively for Spring and Autumn. The results of the present study showed the importance of trials to estimate the carcass removal rates, which influences the survey effort management and consequently the monitoring protocols. The experimental design for future trials in the same region should account for season effect and be conducted using daily checks of the carcasses for, at least, 15 days.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80826791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Fatal mass ingestion of gastric foreign bodies in juvenile hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) stranded in north-western iberian peninsula 被困在伊比利亚半岛西北部的幼海豹(冠海豹)大量摄入胃部异物致死

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-09-21 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2011.7.12

J. Alonso-Farré

{"title":"Fatal mass ingestion of gastric foreign bodies in juvenile hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) stranded in north-western iberian peninsula","authors":"J. Alonso-Farré","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2011.7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2011.7.12","url":null,"abstract":"The hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) is a subarctic and arctic pinniped species with its limit of distribution in southern Europe established west of the British Isles. Nevertheless, since 1970, strandings of juvenile individuals have been reported much further south than this limit. The special clinical and management considerations to take into account with these arctic seals have become a new challenge to veterinary clinicians of southern North-Atlantic stranding networks. We present here three clinical cases involving mass ingestion of foreign bodies, which seems to be a generalized finding in this species. Although the presence of gastroliths are considered to be normal in pinnipeds, the fast and ultimately lethal cases presented here highlights how an excessive presence of gastric foreign bodies could result in a gastrointestinal stasis syndrome, which has to be quickly resolved, medically or surgically. Portable ultrasound and X-ray equipments have demonstrated their value as gastric foreign bodies diagnostic procedures with nervous wildlife patients, such as the juvenile hooded seals. Finally, we conclude that it is extremely important to avoid the use of loose stones or sand over resting areas and to take extreme precautions with small items near the rehabilitation pools when dealing with this seal species.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"2 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82411431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Observations of Brachygnathia Superior (Underbite) in Wild Ruminates in Western Montana, USA 美国蒙大拿州西部野生反刍动物中上短齿兽(下咬)的观察

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2011-09-21 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2011.7.13

J. Hoy, Gary T. Haas, Robert C. Hoy, P. Hallock

{"title":"Observations of Brachygnathia Superior (Underbite) in Wild Ruminates in Western Montana, USA","authors":"J. Hoy, Gary T. Haas, Robert C. Hoy, P. Hallock","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2011.7.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2011.7.13","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning spring of 1995 until present, unusual developmental malformations have been observed on many species of vertebrate and documented on individuals of four species of wild ruminates. The most frequently observed of a variety of skeletal anomalies is brachygnathia superior, also called mandibular prognathia or more commonly, underbite, caused by underdevelopment in length and width of the premaxillary bone forward of the premolars. Facial anatomy was examined for bone and tooth malformations on 724 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that were accident-killed or died of natural causes between January 1996 and December 2009 in northern Ravalli County in the Bitterroot Valley of west-central, Montana, USA. Smaller samples (145 total) of hunter-killed elk (Cervis canadensis), mule deer (O. hemionus) and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) from throughout Montana were examined for facial malformations in 2005-09. Incidences of underbite increased from none observed prior to spring of 1995 to more than 35% in 8 of 9 years since 2000 and over 70% in 2008 and 2009. This abnormality appeared abruptly, vastly exceeding expected and previously documented percentages in wild ruminates, and is a characteristic symptom of congenital hypothyroidism. Our data strongly indicates widespread interference with maternal and fetal thyroid hormone function has been occurring in wild ruminants in Montana since autumn 1994.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"1 1","pages":"15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89266239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7