The open anthropology journal最新文献_第7页

First Metatarsal Bones as Substitutes for Tibias in Harris Lines Studies on Past Populations 在过去种群的哈里斯系研究中，第一跖骨作为胫骨的替代物

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2009-01-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700902010036

B. Mafart

{"title":"First Metatarsal Bones as Substitutes for Tibias in Harris Lines Studies on Past Populations","authors":"B. Mafart","doi":"10.2174/1874912700902010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874912700902010036","url":null,"abstract":"The first metatarsal bones (FMBs) are often better preserved than tibias in archeological samples. The aim of this study was to test the possibility of performing Harris lines studies on FMBs as stress markers instead of tibias. The Harris lines in 264 FMBs from a historic French burial site dating back to two burial periods were studied and compared with the Harris lines in FMBs from 4 historical and 2 Neolithic sites. The Harris lines in 57 tibias and FMBs were com- pared. The intra-observer, inter-observer, side, and age-at-death variations were not found to be significant. The total prevalence of Harris lines was lower in the 16 th -17 th century sample than in the 11 th -13 th century sample, but no significant diachronic variations were observed between male and female samples. The Harris lines in the tibias and FMBs were not signifi- cantly correlated. Comparisons on the prevalence of the Harris lines showed the existence of significant differences be- tween several samples, in keeping with the archeological data. In conclusion, the Harris lines in the first metatarsal bones studied showed significant intra- and inter-population variations. Further investigations are now required, however, to precisely access the value of using first metatarsals instead of tibias for Harris lines studies in bioarcheology or perhaps acknowledge that Harris lines have minimal scientific use as stress markers, except in unusual situations.","PeriodicalId":89502,"journal":{"name":"The open anthropology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68093340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Histomorphological Variation in the Appendicular Skeleton 附肢骨骼的组织形态学变异

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2009-01-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700902010001

R. A. Walker, C. Lovejoy, R. Cordes

引用次数: 0

Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Antioxidative Enzymatic Defence Systems in Human Aging DNA氧化损伤和抗氧化酶防御系统在人类衰老中的作用

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-12-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010038

M. Dittmar, M. Knuth, M. Beineke, B. Epe

{"title":"Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Antioxidative Enzymatic Defence Systems in Human Aging","authors":"M. Dittmar, M. Knuth, M. Beineke, B. Epe","doi":"10.2174/1874912700801010038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874912700801010038","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is regarded as a main causal factor for natural aging. This study tested the hypothesis that healthy elderly people show higher oxidative DNA damage levels and lower antioxidative enzymatic defense capacities than younger ones. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples of 20 older (62-79 years) and 20 younger adults (24-28 years) were compared with respect to oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes (alkaline elution), oxidative status (serum peroxides), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and concentrations of total glu- tathione. In accordance with our hypothesis, elderly males showed a tendency towards higher levels of oxidative DNA damage (single strand breaks). SOD activity inversely correlated with the amount of DNA damage (single-strand breaks and Fpg-sensitive modifications). Oxidative status was increased in older men and negatively correlated with glutathione concentrations. GPx activity was elevated and the SOD/GPx ratio lowered in older males. Subjects with lowered SOD/GPx ratio showed increased oxidative DNA damage. The results indicate age-related changes in the balance between first step (SOD) and second step (GPx) of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. They support the assumption that a biological optimum between antioxidative enzymes might be more important than their absolute activities.","PeriodicalId":89502,"journal":{"name":"The open anthropology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68093266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Using Coconuts as a Model for Analysing the Injury Pattern of Cranial Blunt Trauma 用椰子作为模型分析颅脑钝性损伤的损伤模式

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-08-26 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010033

J. Christensen, M. Jørkov, N. Lynnerup

{"title":"Using Coconuts as a Model for Analysing the Injury Pattern of Cranial Blunt Trauma","authors":"J. Christensen, M. Jørkov, N. Lynnerup","doi":"10.2174/1874912700801010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874912700801010033","url":null,"abstract":"Blunt trauma to the head may result in the blunt instrument leaving specific imprints or fracture patterns. Being able to correctly correlate one or more possible blunt instruments with the imprints and fractures of an actual case may be important in police investigations. However, most of our knowledge about blunt instruments and cranial imprints and fracture patterns stems from earlier tests performed on cadavers, or more recently, advanced mechanical and computer- based models. As the former is not feasible ethically, and the latter somewhat demanding in terms of laboratory settings and computer programming. Here we present our results by using a fairly simple model: a coconut shell. Striking a half coconut shell with four different blunt instruments did produce consistent imprinting and fracture patterning, which was also consistent with previously published cases. Also, in a blind trial we were able to correctly exclude one or more blunt instruments as the causative weapon. On the other hand, the blind trial also showed that the coconut is not applicable as a model to positively identify a blunt instrument unless the imprint or fracture pattern has a very characteristic shape.","PeriodicalId":89502,"journal":{"name":"The open anthropology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68093195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Modern Human's Expansion in Eurasia: One Flew East… 现代人类在欧亚大陆的扩张:一个人向东飞……

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-07-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010026

P. Dolukhanov

引用次数: 3

Incisal Morphology of Southern Chinese 南方汉语的下颚形态学

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-07-11 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010019

J. Ling, R. Wong

引用次数: 9

Environmental Influence and Health Status of Elderly~!2008-01-21~!2008-05-26~!2008-06-10~! 环境对老年人健康状况的影响

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-06-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010014

R. Tyagi, S. Kapoor, A. Kapoor

引用次数: 1

The Anatolian Clay Sealing: The First Quality Assurance System of Human History? 安纳托利亚粘土封印:人类历史上第一个质量保证体系?

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-05-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010011

A. Ravagnan, Enzo Grossi

{"title":"The Anatolian Clay Sealing: The First Quality Assurance System of Human History?","authors":"A. Ravagnan, Enzo Grossi","doi":"10.2174/1874912700801010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874912700801010011","url":null,"abstract":"The basic philosophy of \"Good Practices\" and quality control in modern industry is to carefully document each step of professional activities, validating and registering interventions by different actors. One might be surprised to learn that the ancient inhabitants of Arslantepe, one of the first cities of human history, introduced clay sealing as an effective archetypal form of quality control. At Arslantepe, a team from Rome University headed by Professor Frangipane recently found over 5,000 fragments of clay sealing or \"cretulae\" in the central magazines of what is considered the \"palace\" or type of warehouse (3300-3000 A.C.). According to the authors' hypothesis, in this environment, clay sealing was used as a form of administrative control to en- sure that only authorized persons could access public stocks of goods. Every cretula, through its seal, in which a specific symbol identified seal owner, his profession and another person, always a male, possibly his father, was a means of representing the individual who received goods, and probably it also had a value of quantity in the sense that the holder of the seal presumably always withdrew the same amount of goods. The re- sponsible person of the warehouse, upon delivery and a count of goods to a given citizen, broke the cretula sealing the container of a given good of product. After product removal, the person who withdrew the goods closed and sealed the container again, re-affixing his own seal on a piece of moist clay. At each withdrawal, the broken cretulae were collected in appropriate containers to store them in \"archives\". Controlled access to goods could therefore be guaranteed on a large scale, as jars, baskets, boxes and even doors could be sealed in the same manner. The broken cretulae were kept by the controllers as sort of receipts, to document the withdrawal operation. These finding support the idea that authorization control of human activity has been part of our history from the beginning of civiliza- tion.","PeriodicalId":89502,"journal":{"name":"The open anthropology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68093145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissociative Fugue: Diagnosis, Presentation and Treatment Among the Traditional Shona People 解离神游:传统朔那人的诊断、表现与治疗

The open anthropology journal Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874912700801010001

C. Gwandure

{"title":"Dissociative Fugue: Diagnosis, Presentation and Treatment Among the Traditional Shona People","authors":"C. Gwandure","doi":"10.2174/1874912700801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874912700801010001","url":null,"abstract":"Dissociative fugue seems to exist in all societies of the world. It could be noticeable but its prevalence in the general population is very low. Different societies of the world could identify dissociative fugue in different culturally relevant terms. The objective of the study was to assess the diagnosis, presentation and treatment of dissociative fugue among the traditional Shona people of Zimbabwe. The case study research methodology was used in this study to describe the diagnosis, presentation and treatment of dissociative fugue-related behaviours among the traditional Shona people. Participants were two men who were presenting with dissociative fugue-related behaviours before the study. An eth- nopsychological approach was used to analyse the behaviours and treatment methods used by the traditional Shona peo- ple. The results of this study were that, although the diagnosis and treatment methods of the Shona were different from Western procedures, their methods of treating dissociative fugue-related behaviours were found to be useful in treating dissociative fugue-related disorders in a culturally relevant manner. The findings of the study are expected to prompt fur- ther research to establish the therapeutic efficacy of the traditional Shona methods of diagnosing and treating dissociative fugue-related disorders in an African context.","PeriodicalId":89502,"journal":{"name":"The open anthropology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68093108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3