Mobile genetic elements最新文献_第8页

Driving DNA transposition by lentiviral protein transduction. 慢病毒蛋白转导驱动DNA转位。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-06-23 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/mge.29591

Yujia Cai, Jacob Giehm Mikkelsen

{"title":"Driving DNA transposition by lentiviral protein transduction.","authors":"Yujia Cai, Jacob Giehm Mikkelsen","doi":"10.4161/mge.29591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/mge.29591","url":null,"abstract":"Gene vectors derived from DNA transposable elements have become powerful molecular tools in biomedical research and are slowly moving into the clinic as carriers of therapeutic genes. Conventional uses of DNA transposon-based gene vehicles rely on the intracellular production of the transposase protein from transfected nucleic acids. The transposase mediates mobilization of the DNA transposon, which is typically provided in the context of plasmid DNA. In recent work, we established lentiviral protein transduction from Gag precursors as a new strategy for direct delivery of the transposase protein. Inspired by the natural properties of infecting viruses to carry their own enzymes, we loaded lentivirus-derived particles not only with vector genomes carrying the DNA transposon vector but also with hundreds of transposase subunits. Such particles were found to drive efficient transposition of the piggyBac transposable element in a range of different cell types, including primary cells, and offer a new transposase delivery approach that guarantees short-term activity and limits potential cytotoxicity. DNA transposon vectors, originally developed and launched as a non-viral alternative to viral integrating vectors, have truly become viral. Here, we briefly review our findings and speculate on the perspectives and potential advantages of transposase delivery by lentiviral protein transduction.","PeriodicalId":89441,"journal":{"name":"Mobile genetic elements","volume":"4 ","pages":"e29591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/mge.29591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32530563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The taming of the shrew: Regulation of a catalytically active domesticated transposase. 鼩鼱的驯化:催化活性驯化转座酶的调控。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-05-27 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/mge.29383

Alexander Vogt, Kazufumi Mochizuki

{"title":"The taming of the shrew: Regulation of a catalytically active domesticated transposase.","authors":"Alexander Vogt, Kazufumi Mochizuki","doi":"10.4161/mge.29383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/mge.29383","url":null,"abstract":"Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can be harmful for the host when mobilized. However, they are also genomic reservoirs for novel genes that can be evolutionarily beneficial. There are many examples of domesticated transposases, which play important roles in the hosts. In most cases domesticated transposases have lost their endonuclease activities and the hosts utilize their DNA-binding properties. However, some other domesticated transposases perform endonuclease activities for host biological processes. Because such a catalytically active transposase is potentially harmful for the integrity of the host genome, its activity should be tightly regulated. The catalytically active domesticated piggyBac transposase Tpb2p catalyzes programmed DNA elimination in the ciliate Tetrahymena. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanism that prevents unintended DNA cleavage by Tpb2p and compare it to another well-studied catalytically active domesticated transposase, the RAG recombinase in V(D)J recombination. The regulatory mechanisms involve the temporarily regulated expression of the transposases, the target sequence preference of the endonuclease, and the recruitment of the transposases to locally restricted chromatin environments.","PeriodicalId":89441,"journal":{"name":"Mobile genetic elements","volume":"4 ","pages":"e29383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/mge.29383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32527922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An intronic open reading frame was released from one of group II introns in the mitochondrial genome of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina sp. NIES-1333. 报道了一种名为nyes -1333的褐毛藻线粒体基因组II族内含子的内含子开放阅读框。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-05-27 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/mge.29384

Yuki Nishimura, Ryoma Kamikawa, Tetsuo Hashimoto, Yuji Inagaki

{"title":"An intronic open reading frame was released from one of group II introns in the mitochondrial genome of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina sp. NIES-1333.","authors":"Yuki Nishimura, Ryoma Kamikawa, Tetsuo Hashimoto, Yuji Inagaki","doi":"10.4161/mge.29384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/mge.29384","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences, which often bear introns, have been sampled from phylogenetically diverse eukaryotes. Thus, we can anticipate novel insights into intron evolution from previously unstudied mt genomes. We here investigated the origins and evolution of three introns in the mt genome of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina sp. NIES-1333, which was sequenced completely in this study. All the three introns were characterized as group II, on the basis of predicted secondary structure, and the conserved sequence motifs at the 5' and 3' termini. Our comparative studies on diverse mt genomes prompt us to propose that the Chrysochromulina mt genome laterally acquired the introns from mt genomes in distantly related eukaryotes. Many group II introns harbor intronic open reading frames for the proteins (intron-encoded proteins or IEPs), which likely facilitate the splicing of their host introns. However, we propose that a \"free-standing,\" IEP-like protein, which is not encoded within any introns in the Chrysochromulina mt genome, is involved in the splicing of the first cox1 intron that lacks any open reading frames.","PeriodicalId":89441,"journal":{"name":"Mobile genetic elements","volume":"4 ","pages":"e29384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/mge.29384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32527923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Expression and detection of LINE-1 ORF-encoded proteins. LINE-1 orf编码蛋白的表达和检测。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-05-22 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/mge.29319

Lixin Dai, John LaCava, Martin S Taylor, Jef D Boeke

{"title":"Expression and detection of LINE-1 ORF-encoded proteins.","authors":"Lixin Dai, John LaCava, Martin S Taylor, Jef D Boeke","doi":"10.4161/mge.29319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/mge.29319","url":null,"abstract":"LINE-1 (L1) elements are endogenous retrotransposons active in mammalian genomes. The L1 RNA is bicistronic, encoding two non-overlapping open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, whose protein products (ORF1p and ORF2p) bind the L1 RNA to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is presumed to be a critical retrotransposition intermediate. However, ORF2p is expressed at a significantly lower level than ORF1p; these differences are thought to be controlled at the level of translation, due to a low frequency ribosome reinitiation mechanism controlling ORF2 expression. As a result, while ORF1p is readily detectable, ORF2p has previously been very challenging to detect in vitro and in vivo. To address this, we recently tested several epitope tags fused to the N- or C-termini of the ORF proteins in an effort to enable robust detection and affinity purification from native (L1RP) and synthetic (ORFeus-Hs) L1 constructs. An analysis of tagged RNPs from both L1RP and ORFeus-Hs showed similar host-cell-derived protein interactors. Our observations also revealed that the tag sequences affected the retrotransposition competency of native and synthetic L1s differently although they encode identical ORF proteins. Unexpectedly, we observed apparently stochastic expression of ORF2p within seemingly homogenous L1-expressing cell populations.","PeriodicalId":89441,"journal":{"name":"Mobile genetic elements","volume":"4 ","pages":"e29319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/mge.29319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32530613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Burgeoning evidence indicates that microRNAs were initially formed from transposable element sequences. 越来越多的证据表明，microrna最初是由转座元件序列形成的。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-05-22 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/mge.29255

Justin T Roberts, Sara E Cardin, Glen M Borchert

引用次数: 74

Control of mammalian retrotransposons by cellular RNA processing activities. 细胞 RNA 处理活动对哺乳动物逆转录病毒的控制

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-03-06 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/mge.28439

Sara R Heras, Sara Macias, Javier F Cáceres, Jose L Garcia-Perez

引用次数: 0

A case of horizontal gene transfer from Wolbachia to Aedes albopictus C6/36 cell line. 沃尔巴克氏体基因向白纹伊蚊C6/36细胞系水平转移一例。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-04-23 DOI: 10.4161/mge.28914

Qing Hou, Ji He, Jing Yu, Yuting Ye, Dan Zhou, Yan Sun, Donghui Zhang, Lei Ma, Bo Shen, Changliang Zhu

{"title":"A case of horizontal gene transfer from Wolbachia to Aedes albopictus C6/36 cell line.","authors":"Qing Hou, Ji He, Jing Yu, Yuting Ye, Dan Zhou, Yan Sun, Donghui Zhang, Lei Ma, Bo Shen, Changliang Zhu","doi":"10.4161/mge.28914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/mge.28914","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal gene transfer plays an essential role in evolution and ecological adaptation, yet this phenomenon has remained controversial, particularly where it occurs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. There are a handful of reported examples of horizontal gene transfer occurring between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the literature, with most of these documented cases pertaining to invertebrates and endosymbionts. However, the vast majority of these horizontally transferred genes were either eventually excluded or rapidly became nonfunctional in the recipient genome. In this study, we report the discovery of a horizontal gene transfer from the endosymbiont Wolbachia in the C6/36 cell line derived from the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Moreover, we report that this horizontally transferred gene displayed high transcription level. This finding and the results of further experimentation strongly suggest this gene is functional and has been expressed and translated into a protein in the mosquito host cells.","PeriodicalId":89441,"journal":{"name":"Mobile genetic elements","volume":"4 1","pages":"e28914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/mge.28914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32327219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Composition of the DNA-uptake complex of Vibrio cholerae. 霍乱弧菌dna摄取复合物的组成。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-02-07 DOI: 10.4161/mge.28142

Lisa C Metzger, Melanie Blokesch

引用次数: 0

One to rule them all: A highly conserved motif in mariner transposase controls multiple steps of transposition. 一个统治他们所有:一个高度保守的基序在水手转座酶控制转座的多个步骤。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-04-14 DOI: 10.4161/mge.28807

Corentin Claeys Bouuaert, Michael Tellier, Ronald Chalmers

{"title":"One to rule them all: A highly conserved motif in mariner transposase controls multiple steps of transposition.","authors":"Corentin Claeys Bouuaert, Michael Tellier, Ronald Chalmers","doi":"10.4161/mge.28807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/mge.28807","url":null,"abstract":"The development of transposon-based genome manipulation tools can benefit greatly from understanding transposons' inherent regulatory mechanisms. The Tc1-mariner transposons, which are being widely used in biotechnological applications, are subject to a self-inhibitory mechanism whereby increasing transposase expression beyond a certain point decreases the rate of transposition. In a recent paper, Liu and Chalmers performed saturating mutagenesis on the highly conserved WVPHEL motif in the mariner-family transposase from the Hsmar1 element. Curiously, they found that the majority of all possible single mutations were hyperactive. Biochemical characterizations of the mutants revealed that the hyperactivity is due to a defect in communication between transposase subunits, which normally regulates transposition by reducing the rate of synapsis. This provides important clues for improving transposon-based tools. However, some WVPHEL mutants also showed features that would be undesirable for most biotechnological applications: they showed uncontrolled DNA cleavage activities and defects in the coordination of cleavage between the two transposon ends. The study illustrates how the knowledge of inhibitory mechanisms can help improve transposon tools but also highlights an important challenge, which is to specifically target a regulatory mechanism without affecting other important functions of the transposase.","PeriodicalId":89441,"journal":{"name":"Mobile genetic elements","volume":"4 1","pages":"e28807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/mge.28807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32327216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Mobile Genetic Elements evolves. 移动遗传元素进化。

Mobile genetic elements Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-01-02 DOI: 10.4161/mge.27706

Adam P Roberts, Kathryn Sauceda, Elaine Ellerton

引用次数: 1