{"title":"Trace elements, heavy metals and vitamins in Egyptian school children with iron deficiency anemia","authors":"Yasser E. Nassef, M. Shady, M. Mansour, M. Hamed","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586478","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a wide spread syndrome among children especially in the developing countries due to malnutrition, infection or inflammation. The aim of our study was to determine the concentrations of serum trace elements as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se) in IDA Egyptian school children. The work was extended to estimate the concentration of heavy metals; lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) as well as the concentrations of vitamin A and D. This cross sectional study was performed on 120 children (age 6–12 years). Iron deficiency anemia was observed in 90 individuals (32 male and 58 female). Thirty healthy children (without anemia) were classified as control. There were lower concentrations (p < 0.001) in circulating Fe, Mg, Se and vitamins A and D in subjects with IDA as compared to the control group, while Cu concentrations were higher (p < 0.001). The concentrations of lead and cadmium were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in IDA patients than controls. Hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell (RBC) and ferritin concentrations in subjects with IDA were significantly lower than control. Significant degrees of correlations between these hematological indices and the selected elements were observed as well as between these elements with each other. According to the anthropometric measurements, the children with IDA were underweight and undergo a stage of stunting and wasting. In conclusion, 82% of the IDA children suffered from at least two elements deficiencies. Zinc, Fe, Mg, Se and vitamins A and D were lower while Pb and Cd were higher in school children with IDA as compared with controls. Iron deficiency was associated with high lead concentration, while Cu was not associated with iron deficiency concentration.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"171 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0036-1586478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cystinuria","authors":"P. Dahlem","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586467","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metabolic stone disease is the leading etiology in children with urolithiasis. Ten percent of these cases are caused by cystinuria. In the last decades the genetic origin of cystinuria was clearly defined with two major gene defects in the SALC3A1 gene on chromosome 2 and in the SLC7A9 gene on chromosome 19. As a consequence the reabsorption of dibasic amino acid cystine in the proximal renal tubules is disturbed. Renal colics caused by urolithiasis in the adolescent patient represent the classical clinical picture. Diagnosis is made by quantitative determination of amino acids in 24 h urine sampling with elevated excretion of the cystine. Treatment includes dilution and alkalinization of urine in mild cases and pharmacotherapy with D-penicillinamine and Alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine in severe cases. In the future, new approaches such as the antisense technology will open a new therapeutic gate.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"093 - 099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary hyperoxaluria – An update","authors":"H. Hoyer-Kuhn, B. Beck, S. Habbig, B. Hoppe","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The primary hyperoxalurias (PH) types I, II and III are autosomal recessive inherited defects of the glyoxylate metabolism leading to endogenous oxalate overproduction and hence strongly elevated urinary oxalate excretion (> 1 mmol/1.73 m2 body surface area per day; normal < 0.5). Main primary symptoms of PH are recurrent urolithiasis and/or progressive nephrocalcinosis. This and chronic inflammatory processes often lead to early renal failure, at least in PH type I, and consequently to systemic deposition of calcium oxalate crystals, which makes it often a lethal multisystemic disease. Diagnosis is often missed or delayed until end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or even after isolated kidney transplantation has failed due to recurrent oxalosis. Even in the patient with early diagnosis, treatment options are scarce with high fluid intake and measures to increase urine solubility, e.g., alkaline citrate. In addition, pyridoxine treatment in PH I may reduce oxalate excretion in about a third of patients. In ESRD time on dialysis should be short to avoid overt systemic oxalosis. Transplantation methods are differing depending on the type of PH and the individual patients' course, but combined liver and kidney transplantation is the method of choice in PH I, whereas isolated kidney transplantation is performed in PH II. No patient with PH III has yet been reported to develop ESRD.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"101 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0036-1586468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic imaging in pediatric urolithiasis","authors":"W. Strohmaier","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586465","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Imaging techniques are required to diagnose urinary stones and to determine their size and localization for planning appropriate therapy. In pediatric urolithiasis, ultrasonography is the primary technique and cornerstone for imaging. It is not invasive, easily available and of a reasonable accuracy. If ultrasound is not sufficient, conventional radiological modalities (e.g., plain films) should be added. Computerized tomography, which is the method with the highest sensitivity and specifity, has the drawback of high radiation doses. It could be shown that computerized tomography can be safely avoided in the vast majority of children presenting with urinary stones.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"081 - 088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0036-1586465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology of pediatric urolithiasis","authors":"K. Sarıca, C. Cetinel","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pediatric urolithiasis is an endemic disease in certain parts of the world, namely Turkey and the Far East. As a recurrent pathology which may reveal functional as well and morphologic changes in the urinary tract, environmental factors together with urogenital abnormalities should be evaluated thoroughly in each patient. The aims of management should be complete clearance of stones, treatment of urinary tract infections, and preservation of renal function and prevention of stone recurrence. In addition to certain minimally invasive stone removal procedures, treatment of pediatric urolithiasis requires a detailed metabolic evaluation in all patients on an individual basis. Obstructive pathologies have to be corrected immediately and children with a positive family history should be followed carefully with respect to a high likelihood of stone re-growth and recurrence. Although specific management of each metabolic abnormality seems to be the key factor in the medical management of stone disease, as general advice each child should be forced to adequate fluid intake which will reveal the urine volume increase in accordance with the body mass index. Moreover, medical therapeutic agents that increase urine citrate levels should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"077 - 080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metaphylaxis","authors":"R. Siener","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586470","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effective metaphylactic treatment is available for the different types of stone. A high urine volume achieved by sufficient intake of appropriate beverages is the most important goal in the treatment of the pediatric stone patient. Specific dietary and, if required, pharmacological measures tailored to the individual requirements can prevent or reduce recurrences and decrease the burden of invasive procedures in patients with recurrent stone disease.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"119 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0036-1586470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic stone disease","authors":"W. Strohmaier","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586463","url":null,"abstract":"Nevertheless, urolithiasis is much less common in children when compared to adults. In western countries, only about 2–5% of urinary stone patients are children [4–8]. This may be the reason that many recommendations for diagnosing and treating urolithiasis are derived from adults. In some parts of the world, however, e.g., South Asia, Pakistan and Turkey the numbers are considerably higher [9]. Not only in these regions, but also in countries with a low prevalence of stone disease in children, pediatric urolithiasis is of special interest. There are several features being different from adult stone disease. Concerning pathophysiology, genetic disorders like cystinuria and primary hyperoxaluria and anomalies of the urinary tract play an important role. Although urinary tract infections as a cause of pediatric stones were much more common in former times [8], infected stones are still more common in children when compared with adults. The presentation of stones is also somewhat different in children. Due to the pathophysiology of the ureter, in children small calculi may pass unnoticed – a condition being rare in adults. ___________________________________________","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"075 - 076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nephrocalcinosis in childhood","authors":"B. Hoppe","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586469","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nephrocalcinosis (NC) describes the deposition of calcium-oxalate or calcium-phosphate crystals in the tubuli or interstitial kidney parenchyma. Whereas kidney stones are formed in every age NC is most frequently seen during the first years of life. Because of multiple causative factors NC is a diagnostic challenge. A mostly metabolic reason for the development of nephrocalcinosis can be identified in up to 75% of patients and hence adequately be treated. An imbalance of lithogenic and inhibitory substances is the pathophysiologic basis for the development of nephrocalcinosis. This imbalance is either transient, for example in patients with alimentary hyperoxaluria or short term immobilization induced hypercalciuria, or ongoing, e.g., in tubulopathies or inborn errors of metabolism. Hypercalciuria is the most prominent promotor for the development of nephrocalcinosis, either accompanied by hypercalcemia or not. Both hyperoxaluria, in its primary or secondary forms, as well as hypocitraturia, e.g., in renal tubular acidosis, or in the premature infant, are further specific risk factors. Of course, although mostly clinically silent, early diagnosis is mandatory to start treatment, which may help not only to prevent progression of NC but end stage renal failure relying on the underlying diseases.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"111 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0036-1586469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric urolithiasis – Stone removal","authors":"T. Knoll, G. Wendt‐Nordahl","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586466","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urolithiasis in children is a rare event with an overall incidence of 1–2%. Many stones pass spontaneously and can be managed conservatively. If spontaneous passage fails or is not indicated, the removal of the stones should be as minimal-invasive as possible and a complete stone clearance should always be attempted. Shock Wave Lithotripsy remains the method of first choice in children because of its higher efficacy compared to adults. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy can be performed safely if indicated. Laparoscopic and open techniques are limited to few selected cases.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"089 - 092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preanalytical effects on biochemical results for medical decisions in urea cycle defects","authors":"C. Bachmann","doi":"10.1055/s-0036-1586457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reliable biochemical results are needed for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hyperammonemic disorders. Preanalytical factors influence the results and can lead to erroneous interpretations and medical decisions. I emphasize the need of quality assessment in the laboratory, of adequate time of sampling for ammonia and amino acid analyses after food intake in urea cycle disorders and on the rational estimation whether the intra-individual difference between two sequential results of an analyte is solely due to analytical variance or not. I present arguments for banning capillary blood samples as well as whole blood samples collected on filter paper for confirming or excluding a suspected diagnosis or for controlling data in the follow-up of a disease or its therapy.","PeriodicalId":89425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric biochemistry","volume":"04 1","pages":"017 - 022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0036-1586457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58159965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
