GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery最新文献_第8页

Current requirements for polymeric biomaterials in otolaryngology. 耳鼻喉科对聚合生物材料的当前要求。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.3205/cto000063

Katrin Sternberg

{"title":"Current requirements for polymeric biomaterials in otolaryngology.","authors":"Katrin Sternberg","doi":"10.3205/cto000063","DOIUrl":"10.3205/cto000063","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years otolaryngology was strongly influenced by newly developed implants which are based on both, innovative biomaterials and novel implant technologies. Since the biomaterials are integrated into biological systems they have to fulfill all technical requirements and accommodate biological interactions. Technical functionality relating to implant specific mechanical properties, a sufficiently high stability in terms of physiological conditions, and good biocompatibility are the demands with regard to suitability of biomaterials. The goal in applying biomaterials for implants is to maintain biofunctionality over extended periods of time. These general demands to biomaterials are equally valid for use in otolaryngology. Different classes of materials can be utilized as biomaterials. Metals belong to the oldest biomaterials. In addition, alloys, ceramics, inorganic glasses and composites have been tested successfully. Furthermore, natural and synthetic polymers are widely used materials, which will be in the focus of the current article with regard to their properties and usage as cochlear implants, osteosynthesis implants, stents, and matrices for tissue engineering. Due to their application as permanent or temporary implants materials are differentiated into biostable and biodegradable polymers. The here identified general and up to date requirements for biomaterials and the illustrated applications in otolaryngology emphasize ongoing research efforts in this area and at the same time demonstrate the high significance of interdisciplinary cooperation between natural sciences, engineering, and medical sciences.","PeriodicalId":89377,"journal":{"name":"GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery","volume":"8 ","pages":"Doc11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/12/CTO-08-11.PMC3199814.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30243767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early detection of hearing loss. 早期发现听力损失。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2008-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-07

Götz Schade

{"title":"Early detection of hearing loss.","authors":"Götz Schade","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) is currently spreading in Germany, as well, even though there can be no talk of a comprehensive establishment. The introduction of UNHS in several federal states such as Hamburg, Hessen, and Schleswig-Holstein can be ascribed to the personal commitment of individual pediatric audiologists. Apart from the procurement of the screening equipment and the training of the staff responsible for the examination of the newborns, the tracking, i.e. the follow-up on children with conspicuous test results, is of utmost importance. This involves significant administration effort and work and is subject to data protection laws that can differ substantially between the various federal states. Among audiologists, there is consensus that within the first three months of a child's life, a hearing loss must be diagnosed and that between the age of 3 and 6 months, the supply of a hearing aid must have been initiated. For this purpose, screening steps 1 (usually a TEOAE measurement) and 2 (AABR testing) need to be conducted in the maternity hospital. The follow-up of step 1 then comprises the repetition of the TEOAE- and AABR measurement for conspicuous children by a specialized physician. The follow-up of step 2 comprises the confirmatory diagnostics in a pediatric audiological center. This always implies BERA diagnostics during spontaneous sleep or under sedation. The subsequent early supply of a hearing aid should generally be conducted by a (pediatric) acoustician specialized on children.","PeriodicalId":89377,"journal":{"name":"GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery","volume":"7 ","pages":"Doc05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/42/CTO-07-05.PMC3199831.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30243225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early detection of allergic diseases in otorhinolaryngology. 耳鼻喉科过敏性疾病的早期检测。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2008-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-07 DOI: 10.3205/cto000049

Ludger Klimek, Philip Schendzielorz

引用次数: 0

Genetic analysis for early diagnosis of otorhinolaryngeal diseases. 耳鼻咽喉疾病早期诊断的遗传分析。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2008-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-07

Peter Propping

引用次数: 0

Early diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders. 睡眠相关呼吸障碍的早期诊断。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2008-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-07

Joachim T Maurer

{"title":"Early diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders.","authors":"Joachim T Maurer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) being the most frequent sleep related breathing disorder results in non-restorative sleep, an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as an elevated number of accidents. In Germany at least two million people have to be expected. If obstructive sleep apnea is diagnosed early enough then sleep may regain its restorative function, daytime performance may be improved and accident risk as well as cardiovascular risk may be normalised. This review critically evaluates anamnestic parameters, questionnaires, clinical findings and unattended recordings during sleep regarding their diagnostic accurracy in recognising OSA. There are numerous tools with insufficient results or too few data disqualifying them for screening for OSA. Promising preliminary results are published concerning neural network analysis of a high number of clinical parameters and non-linear analysis of oximetry itself or in combination with heart rate. Nasal pressure recordings can be used for risk estimation even without expertise in sleep medicine. More data is needed. Unattended portable monitoring used by qualified physicians is the gold standard procedure when screening methods for OSA are compared. It has a very high sensitivity and specificity well documented by several meta-analyses.","PeriodicalId":89377,"journal":{"name":"GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery","volume":"7 ","pages":"Doc03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/76/CTO-07-03.PMC3199834.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30245519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health economic analysis of screening. 筛查的健康经济分析。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2008-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-07

Christian Krauth

引用次数: 0

Early detection in head and neck cancer - current state and future perspectives. 头颈癌的早期检测--现状与未来展望。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2008-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-07

Andreas O H Gerstner

{"title":"Early detection in head and neck cancer - current state and future perspectives.","authors":"Andreas O H Gerstner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Survival and quality of life in head and neck cancer are directly linked to the size of the primary tumor at first detection. In order to achieve substantial gain at these issues, both, primary prevention and secondary prevention, which is early detection of malignant lesions at a small size, have to be improved. So far, there is not only a lack in the necessary infrastructure not only in Germany, but rather worldwide, but additionally the techniques developed so far for early detection have a significance and specificity too low as to warrant safe implementation for screening programs. However, the advancements recently achieved in endoscopy and in quantitative analysis of hypocellular specimens open new perspectives for secondary prevention. Chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI) pinpoint suspicious lesions more easily, confocal endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography obtain optical sections through those lesions, and hyperspectral imaging classifies lesions according to characteristic spectral signatures. These techniques therefore obtain optical biopsies. Once a \"bloody\" biopsy has been taken, the plethora of parameters that can be quantified objectively has been increased and could be the basis for an objective and quantitative classification of epithelial lesions (multiparametric cytometry, quantitative histology). Finally, cytomics and proteomics approaches, and lab-on-the-chip technology might help to identify patients at high-risk. Sensitivity and specificity of these approaches have to be validated, yet, and some techniques have to be adapted for the specific conditions for early detection of head and neck cancer. On this background it has to be stated that it is still a long way to go until a population based screening for head and neck cancer is available. The recent results of screening for cancer of the prostate and breast highlight the difficulties implemented in such a task.","PeriodicalId":89377,"journal":{"name":"GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery","volume":"7 ","pages":"Doc06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/2e/CTO-07-06.PMC3199835.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30243227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on functional and aesthetic surgery of the nose and ear. 鼻和耳的功能和美容手术的最新进展。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2007-01-01 Epub Date: 2008-03-14

Alexander Berghaus

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction of middle ear malformations. 重建中耳畸形。

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2007-01-01 Epub Date: 2008-03-14

Konrad Schwager

{"title":"Reconstruction of middle ear malformations.","authors":"Konrad Schwager","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Malformations of the middle ear are classified as minor and major malformations. Minor malformations appear with regular external auditory canal, tympanic membrane and aerated middle ear space. The conducting hearing loss is due to fixation or interruption of the ossicular chain. The treatment is surgical, following the rules of ossiculoplasty and stapes surgery. In major malformations (congenital aural atresia) there is no external auditory canal and a deformed or missing pinna. The mastoid and the middle ear space may be underdevelopped, the ossicular chain is dysplastic. Surgical therapy is possible in patients with good aeration of the temporal bone, existing windows, a near normal positioned facial nerve and a mobile ossicular chain. Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the pinna should proceed the reconstruction of the external auditory canal and middle ear. In cases of good prognosis unilateral aural atresia can be approached already in childhood. In patients with high risk of surgical failure, bone anchored hearing aids are the treatment of choice. Recent reports of implantable hearing devices may be discussed as an alternative treatment for selected patients.","PeriodicalId":89377,"journal":{"name":"GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery","volume":"6 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/32/CTO-06-01.PMC3199842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30100170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction of the auricle. 耳廓重建

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery Pub Date : 2007-01-01 Epub Date: 2008-03-14

Ralf Siegert, Ralph Magritz

引用次数: 0